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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION IN TEXAS 259Table 1. Planting date effect on yields of main crop (MC) and ratoon crop (RC) ofLabelle and Lemont cultivars, Eagle Lake, Texas, 1985. aPlanting date13 Mar28 Mar19 Apr1 May13 MayHarvest date Days to maturity Yield (t/ha)Labelle Lemont Labelle Lemont Labelle LemontMC 24 Jul 24 Jul 133 133 5.8 9.4RC 18 Sep 18 Oct 56 86 2.4 3.2Total – – 189 219 8.2 12.6MC 24 Jul 31 Jul 118 125 6.0 9.5RC 5 Oct 18 Oct 73 79 1.7 3.5Total – – 191 204 7.8 13.0MC 14 Aug 14 Aug 117 117 5.8 8.6RC 18 Oct 8 Nov 65 86 1.4 2.2Total – – 182 203 7.3 10.9MC 23 Aug 26 Aug 114 117 6.1 8.1RC 18 Nov 19 Nov 87 85 1.3 1.5Total – – 201 202 7.5 9.7MC 4 Sep 6 Sep 114 116 5.2 7.7RC 18 Nov 5 Dec 75 90 0.6 0.5Total – – 189 206 5.8 8.2a M. O. Way, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Beaumont, Texas, unpublisheddata.Skybonnet is superior to Labelle in main crop yielding ability and appears tobe equal or superior in ratooning ability. When grown under a high level ofmanagement, Lemont has a main crop yield potential significantly higher than thatof any other Texas and Louisiana cultivar. When seeded early, Lemont also hassuperior ratooning ability (Table 1). Lemont is expected to be the most widelyplanted cultivar in Texas and Louisiana in 1986.Planting datePlanting dates that result in the main crop maturing after the end of August lead toinferior or inconsistent ratoon crops. Planting late-maturing cultivars (140 plus d)before the recommended planting date (15 Mar-15 Apr) does not increase thechances of harvesting the main crop before the end of August; the coolertemperatures before mid-March only lengthen the time to maturity. Plantingrecommended cultivars 15-31 Mar may sometimes produce lower main crop yieldsthan 1-15 Apr plantings due to cool spring temperatures, but planting at earlier datesincreases the chances of harvesting in time to optimize the ratoon crop.A recommended cultivar harvested by 15 Aug usually will produce a ratooncrop in 2/3 to 3/4 of the time needed for the main crop. The ratoon crop yield canreach 1/3 of the main crop yield. The effect of planting date on main crop and ratooncrop yields of Labelle and Lemont cultivars are shown in Table 1. Even thoughLemont matures 10-14 d later than Labelle, it consistently produces higher maincrop and ratoon crop yields. Planting on 30 Apr or later results in lower ratoon cropyields.Main crop harvestingField experience has shown that cutting lower than the height necessary to removethe main crop grain has no advantage. Normal cutting height is 45-60 cm. Cutting
260 RICE RATOONINGlower puts more straw through the combine, which slows harvest and increases theamount of grain left in the field. Mowing or rolling after harvest improves theuniformity of ratoon crop maturity and in some cases may improve grain milling.However, mowing or rolling delays the ratoon crop, which may result in a limitedgrowing season and yield loss.One concern at main crop harvest is that the soil is dry so that harvestequipment does not rut the field and destroy stubble. Damaged stubble does notrecover, or recovers but is delayed, resulting in poor ratoon crop grain milling.FertilizerPhosphorus and potassium are applied if needed to the first crop; only N is appliedto the ratoon crop. The current practice is to apply N immediately after main cropharvest. The N is applied onto dry soil and the field is flooded immediately. N ratevaries from 0 to 100 kg N/ha, depending on the ratoon crop yield potential (i.e, maincrop harvest date, weeds, ruts in fields, etc.).We found that N applied about 2 wk after initial main crop heading usuallywill accelerate ratoon tillering and result in 7-10 d earlier maturity in the ratoonharvest. Additional experiments are under way to evaluate yields when 1/2 of theratoon crop N is applied about 2 wk after initial heading of main crop and 1/2immediately after main crop harvest.Water managementDuring main crop harvest, the field should be dry enough to support heavymachinery. However, if the field is drained earlier than about 3 wk after initialheading (harvest 30-35 d after initial heading), the soil may dry so much that ratoontillering is suppressed.As soon as the main crop is harvested and fertilizer applied, the field should beflooded 8-10 cm deep (9). If floodwater is not maintained, main crop grain that fallsto the ground during mechanical harvest will germinate and compete with theratoon crop for light and nutrients.MILLING AND COOKING QUALITYWhole grain yield of the ratoon crop is generally lower than that of the main crop(10). Ratoon crop kernels are generally smaller, lighter weight, and less uniform thanthose of the main crop. Depending on cultural practices, weather conditions, andharvest date, the ratoon crop tends to have a higher proportion of discolored hulls,deformed grains, and immature grains. Cooking quality of ratoon crop rice is equalor superior to that of the main crop. Surveys of commercial fields indicate that thehigher the ratoon crop yield, the better the milling yield (1985 unpublished data).ECONOMICSThe marked increase in rice production costs in the Southern U.S. during the pastseveral years, primarily the result of increased energy costs, has led to an increased
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
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Genetics and varietal improvementIn
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2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
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4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
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6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
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8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
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10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
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12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
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14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
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Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
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32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
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34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
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36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
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38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
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40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
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42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
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44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
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46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
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48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
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50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
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52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
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Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
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Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
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RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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89111306514772Special points Refere
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72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
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74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
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76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
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78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
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80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
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82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
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84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
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Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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23123722821721922222421423122421722
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98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
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100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
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102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
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Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
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114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
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116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
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Potential for rice ratooningin east
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RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
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Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
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152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
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154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
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156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
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158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
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160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
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Agronomic principles and practiceso
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AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
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Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
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BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
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188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
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190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
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192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
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194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
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196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
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198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
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200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
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202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
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204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
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206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
Page 215 and 216: 208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
Page 217 and 218: 210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
Page 219 and 220: 212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
Page 221 and 222: 214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
Page 223 and 224: 216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
Page 226 and 227: Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
Page 228 and 229: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 230 and 231: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 232: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 235 and 236: 228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
Page 237 and 238: Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
Page 240 and 241: Disease and insect pestsand their c
Page 242 and 243: DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
Page 244 and 245: DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
Page 246 and 247: Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
Page 248 and 249: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 250 and 251: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 252: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 255 and 256: 248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
Page 257 and 258: 250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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Page 264 and 265: Commercial ratoon rice productionin
Page 268 and 269: COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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Page 273 and 274: 0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
Page 275 and 276: 268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
Page 277 and 278: 270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
Page 280 and 281: ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
Page 282 and 283: Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
Page 284 and 285: VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
Page 286: VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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