RICE RATOONING - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN RATOON RICE 215The diseases common in this experiment were sheath blight, stem rot, andyellow dwarf. Sheath blight incidence in both the main and ratoon crops was noteffectively controlled by fungicide. Differences among the treatments which couldnot be attributed to the fungicide were evident. Stem rot occurrence showed a similarpattern. Yellow dwarf was observed only on the ratoon crop, with 13-24.4%incidence (Table 4).The ratooning ability was significantly improved with fungicide application(Table 5). The percentage of both basal and nodal tillers produced from plantsreceiving fungicide treatment was generally higher than from untreated plants.Obviously, the best ratoon ratings were from plants that received fungicideapplications at all three stages: as seed dressing, at maximum tillering, and at grainfilling.Grain yields both from the main and the ratoon crops also increased despitethe differences in yield, ratoon ratings, and percentage of ratoon tillers. Diseaseincidence was erratic. This seems to indicate that after main crop harvest, ratooningability decreased rapidly, perhaps because ratoon development was hindered bythese diseases on the main crop. Infection by the fungal pathogens may cause slowdecomposition of basal and auxillary buds of the stubble or roots.WATER MANAGEMENT AFTER MAIN CROPAn initial observation of ratoon development in puddled and unpuddled fields witheither standing water or midseason drainage showed a relationship betweenratooning and stem rot incidence (Table 6). Ratooning improved with midseasondrainage and stem rot was higher on ratoon tillers developed with standing water.The effects on ratooning of water management practices and fungicide diseasecontrol were studied. Cultivar IR32 was planted as a lowland irrigated rice crop with120 kg N/ha as urea. The main crop received insecticide and herbicide, but notfungicide, to keep down insects and weeds. The main crop was cut at 15 cm above thewater level. The ratoon crop was then divided into 2-factorial treatments, with andwithout fungicide (benomyl-thiram) spray, in combination with water maintained atsaturation level and at 5-10 cm. Ratooning was rated at 35 d.In the main crop, stem rot incidence was relatively high, but of low severity(Table 7). Fungicide applied to the ratoon crop lowered the disease incidence but didnot improve the ratooning ability. More ratoon tillers developed from stubble thathad a higher incidence of stem rot in the field with standing water. Watermanagement and disease control at this stage had no significant effect on ratoontiller development and ratoon crop yield.In these experiments, the ratoon crop was also infected with yellow dwarf.Incidence seemed lower in the plots where water was drained.Cutting height of the main crop affected stem rot development. The shorterthe stubble (3 cm), the less stem rot developed (Table 8). Ratoon rating alsoimproved. Land preparation after harvest of the main crop together with watermanagement did not show significant effects. However, the number of rotten tillerswhich could not produce any ratoon tillers was higher in plots with standing waterthan in those drained.
216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath blight and stem rot incidence on main and ratoon crops of IR32under various methods of crop establishment. IRRI, 1979 dry season.TreatmentSheath blight a Stem rot b RatoonMain Ratoon Main Stubble rating ccrop crop crop (%)PuddledStanding waterMidseason drainageUnpuddledStanding waterMidseason drainage0.360.410.130.200000tracetracetracetrace8.45.78.05.51.61.61.31.0a Based on the Standard evaluation system for rice (1).b % stem rot = No. of infected tillers No. of infected hillsTotal no. of tillers observed×Total no. of hills observedc % hills producing ratoon: 0 = 0%, 1 = 1-25%. 2 = 26-50%, 3 = 51-75%, 4 = 76-100%.Table 7. Effect of water management after harvest and main crop disease onratooning and ratoon yield.Ratoon tillers/hill (no.)WaterRatoon b Ratoontreatment a Stem rot (%) yieldNodal Basal Total rating (t/ha)Field saturatedYesNoMeanField irrigatedYesNoMean53.0 a66.9 ab58.864.7 ab72.2 b68.410.4 a6.1 b8.27.5 b7.0 b7.27.6 a11.2 ab9.49.1 ab12.2 b10.618.017.317.616.619.217.80.52 a0.51 a0.5 10.50 a0.56 a0.532.2 a2.4 a2.32.5 a2.4 a2.4a Drained plots are maintained at saturation level while irrigated plots were maintainedat 5-10 cm water level. Stubbles were cut at 15 cm length. Benomylthiramat 1 g FP/liter was applied after harvesting.b MH Ratoon rating: R. R. = 1 – ×MH ×Tt × (1 – 0.1 V), where MH = missingT h T h 16hills, Th = total no. of hills, T t = total number of tillers (nodal + basal), 16 =av no. of tillers/hill, and V = vigor rating. SES scale: 1 = extra vigorous, 5 = intermediate,9 = weak. In a column, values with the same letter are not significantlydifferent at the 5% level.Table 8. Effect of stubble height, land preparation, and water management afterharvesting main crop on stem rot incidence of IR32 ratoon crop.Stubble Stem rot (%) a Ratoon rating bheight(cm) Puddled Unpuddled Puddled UnpuddledField with standing water3 c30.81546.72552.5Field with midseason drainage3 35.446.556.6152533.659.759.230.659.659.5123123245154a scored 30 d after harvesting main crop.b According to Standard evaluation systemfor rice (1): 1 = extra vigorous, 5 = intermediate or normal, 9 = very weakand small. c Many tillers rotted and did not produce ratoon.
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
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Genetics and varietal improvementIn
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2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
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4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
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6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
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8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
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10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
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12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
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14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
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Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
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32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
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34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
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36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
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38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
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40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
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42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
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44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
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46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
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48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
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50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
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52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
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Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
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Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
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RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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89111306514772Special points Refere
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72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
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74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
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76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
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78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
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80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
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82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
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84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
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Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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23123722821721922222421423122421722
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98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
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100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
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102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
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Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
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114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
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116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
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Potential for rice ratooningin east
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RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
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Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
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152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
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154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
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156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
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158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
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160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
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Agronomic principles and practiceso
Page 172 and 173: AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
Page 184 and 185: Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
Page 186 and 187: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 192: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 195 and 196: 188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
Page 197 and 198: 190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
Page 199 and 200: 192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
Page 201 and 202: 194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
Page 203 and 204: 196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
Page 205 and 206: 198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
Page 207 and 208: 200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
Page 209 and 210: 202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
Page 211 and 212: 204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
Page 213 and 214: 206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
Page 215 and 216: 208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
Page 217 and 218: 210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
Page 219 and 220: 212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
Page 221: 214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
Page 226 and 227: Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
Page 228 and 229: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 230 and 231: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 232: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 235 and 236: 228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
Page 237 and 238: Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
Page 240 and 241: Disease and insect pestsand their c
Page 242 and 243: DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
Page 244 and 245: DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
Page 246 and 247: Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
Page 248 and 249: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 250 and 251: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 252: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 255 and 256: 248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
Page 257 and 258: 250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
Page 259 and 260: 252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
Page 261 and 262: 254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
Page 264 and 265: Commercial ratoon rice productionin
Page 266 and 267: COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
Page 268 and 269: COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
Page 270: COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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