RICE RATOONING - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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Table 3. Comparison of the host quality of ratoon and transplanted rice for nine rice pests. a IRRl Greenhouse. 1983.Pest speciesWhorl maggotCasewormGreen hairy caterpillarGreen semilooperLeaffolderYellow stem borerBrown planthopperWhitebacked planthopperGreen leafhopperCrop establishment Survivorship c Weight d Developmental periodeNo. of eggs/method b (%) (mg/insect)(days)egg masslaid 10RatoonTransplantedDRatoonTransplantedDRatoonTransplantedDRatoonTransplantedDRatoonTransplantedDRatoonTransplantedDRatoonTransplantedDRatoonTransplantedDRatoonTransplantedD853**2949*8985ns2537**5563ns4822**8775ns8178ns5247nsaAV of 6 replications. ns = not significant P = 0.05; * = significant at P = 0.05; ** = significant at P = 0.01. Analysis were based on values transformedto log (X) or square root (X + 0.5). b Av over 2 nitrogen rates. c Except whorl maggot, where matured eggs were used, 10 instar I placed on 3-week-oldplants and allowed to develop into adults. d Except whorl maggot, where matured eggs were used, 10 instar I placed on 3-week-old plants and allowed todevelop for 10 days. e Except whorl maggot, where matured eggs were used, 10 instar I placed on 3-week-old plants and allowed to develop into adults.f Ten mated pairs of recently emerged adults except whorl maggot and yellow stem borers were adults directly collected from the field allowed to ovipositfor 7 days.0.20.8**7.811.4**9.215.6**13.220.5*13.620.1**6.08.9ns0.91.1ns0.60.7ns0.71.1*24.523.7ns29.729.3ns17.817.9ns15.314.9ns26.126.5ns30.931.8ns14.914.9ns13.513.8ns18.418.6ns29.210.5*0.0107.1**13.540.2ns26.715.1ns10.57.0*2.73.5ns51.093.4ns48.915.8**28.129.5ns
206 <strong>RICE</strong> <strong>RATOONING</strong>plant chemicals are produced in older rice plants, limiting population buildups ofthese pests.Significantly more YSB survived in the ratoon crop than in the transplantedcrop. That higher survival was attributed to the better niche (large diameter stem)provided by the ratoon crop than by a young seeded crop.Attempts to determine the ovipositional preference of the nine test insects werenot completely successful. Results were highly variable for certain species. Incontrast to the results of the field trial, RWM laid significantly more eggs on ratoonthan on transplanted rice (Table 3). This is difficult to explain on the basis of the cropgrowth stage preferred. It is probable the RWM confined in a cage cannot fly highenough to see water reflection, so it lays its eggs on the tallest plants.CW laid significantly more eggs on transplanted rice than on ratoon; thatovipositing moth prefers to lay eggs on leaves that droop into the water (4).Caseworm was deprived of oviposition sites on ratoon because its leaves do nottouch water.Leaffolder and whitebacked planthopper laid significantly more eggs onratoon than transplanted rice, perhaps these insects prefer reproductive- tovegetative-stage rice, if given a choice (Table 3). No significant differences wereobserved in the number of eggs/egg masses by the other test insects.Virus diseasesInsect-vectored virus diseases pose a continual threat to ratoon crops. During the1984 dry season field trial, 14% of the ratoon hills were infected with yellow dwarfand 4% with tungro virus; none were infected on the transplanted second crop.IR1917, although resistant to tungro, still contracted the virus in the ratoon. The factthat the transplanted crop was virus free meant that the viruses were transmitted inthe later growth stages of the main crop, when the fully grown plants showed nosymptoms. Because the viruses are systemic, there is no way to directly protect aratoon crop from the disease carryover. It also is not feasible to prevent virusinfection during the later growth stages of the main crop.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that:• The ratoon is a poor host for RWM and CW and will not encouragebuildup of these insects. It has an abbreviated vegetative stage not suitablefor their growth and development. These insects prefer young and activelytillering rice plants.• Leafhoppers and planthoppers leave a senescing crop, but the highly mobileinsects readily colonize ratoon fields. However, they are less serious on theratoon because their initial population will be controlled by natural enemiescarried over from the main crop.• About 1/3 of SB numbers can be carried over from the main crop stubble tothe ratoon. Stem borers will also oviposit and build up on a ratoon, butbecause a ratoon is harvested early, they are not expected to be serious.
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
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Genetics and varietal improvementIn
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2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
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4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
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6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
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8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
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10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
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12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
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14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
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Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
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32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
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34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
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36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
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38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
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40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
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42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
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44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
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46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
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48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
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50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
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52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
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Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
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Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
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RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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89111306514772Special points Refere
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72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
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74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
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76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
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78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
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80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
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82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
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84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
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Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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23123722821721922222421423122421722
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98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
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100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
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102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
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Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
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114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
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116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
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Potential for rice ratooningin east
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RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
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Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
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152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
Page 161 and 162: 154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
Page 163 and 164: 156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
Page 165 and 166: 158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
Page 167 and 168: 160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
Page 170 and 171: Agronomic principles and practiceso
Page 172 and 173: AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
Page 184 and 185: Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
Page 186 and 187: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 192: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 195 and 196: 188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
Page 197 and 198: 190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
Page 199 and 200: 192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
Page 201 and 202: 194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
Page 203 and 204: 196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
Page 205 and 206: 198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
Page 207 and 208: 200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
Page 209 and 210: 202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
Page 211: 204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
Page 215 and 216: 208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
Page 217 and 218: 210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
Page 219 and 220: 212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
Page 221 and 222: 214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
Page 223 and 224: 216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
Page 226 and 227: Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
Page 228 and 229: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 230 and 231: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 232: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 235 and 236: 228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
Page 237 and 238: Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
Page 240 and 241: Disease and insect pestsand their c
Page 242 and 243: DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
Page 244 and 245: DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
Page 246 and 247: Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
Page 248 and 249: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 250 and 251: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 252: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 255 and 256: 248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
Page 257 and 258: 250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
Page 259 and 260: 252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
Page 261 and 262: 254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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