RICE RATOONING - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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INSECT PESTS IN RATOON RICE 197Field trialTransplanted and wet-seeded main crops of IR1917 (susceptible to insects butresistant to tungro) were grown side by side. To ensure the same maturity date, thewet-seeded crop was sown at 120 kg seed/ha 2 wk ahead of transplanting. Nopesticides were used. Nitrogen was applied at 100 kg N/ha in 3 equal splits: basal,maximum tillering, and panicle initiation. P 2 O 5 and K 2 O at 30 kg/ha were basallyapplied.The field was kept weed free and ponded 3-5 cm deep throughout the growingperiod. Prior to harvest, the field was divided into 24 bunded plots (9 × 12 m) for arandomized complete block design. Twelve plots were thoroughly plowed andpuddled and half wet-seeded, half transplanted for second crops. Mature plants wereratooned in the other 12 plots by cutting stalks at 15 cm. Canals gave independentirrigation to each plot. Water was supplied continuously (flooded 3 times a week) orintermittently (flooded once a week for 1 d).Fertilizer (60 kg N/ha) was broadcast in the ratoon 1 d after harvest of themain crop and basally applied in the transplanted and wet-seeded second crop.Main crops were sampled weekly for leafhoppers and planthoppers and theirnatural enemies with a FARMCOP suction machine (2). Sampling on the ratoonsand second crops was twice a week. FARMCOP samples of 1 m 2 were taken from 3sites selected at random in each plot in a stratified grid on each sampling date.A similar sampling area was used to determine RWM, LF, and SB numbers.Greenhouse trialRatoon and transplanted check plants were studied for their suitability as hosts toinsects that prefer to feed on rice at the vegetative stage (RWM, CW, greensemilooper [GS], and green hairy caterpillar [GHC]) and to insects that can attackrice from the vegetative to ripening stages (BPH, GLH, WBPH, YSB, and LF).To grow the ratoon, we transplanted IR1917 seedlings in earthen pots 30 cm indiameter and 25 cm high. When the plants matured, they were cut 15 cm above thesoil surface. The check was grown by transplanting 30-d-old seedlings in pots of thesame size filled with puddled soil. Both ratoon and transplanted rice were grownwith and without 60 kg N/ha.When ratoon and transplanted rice were 3 wk old, they were covered withcylindrical mylar film cages (10 × 75 cm) with nylon mesh windows on 1 side and ontop. These gave access to measure insect survivorship, development period, andweight, the criteria for assessing host suitability. Each treatment was replicated sixtimes in a randomized complete block design.Survivorship, weight, and developmental period were determined separatelyfor all species except whorl maggot. Ten first-instar larvae or nymphs wereintroduced into the cages over the potted plants, using an aspirator or a fine camelhair brush. Plants were hand-infested with greenhouse-collected mature RWM eggs(dark color) by inserting a leaf section containing the eggs into a slit made on anunfurled leaf or between the youngest leaf and leaf sheath (10 per plant).
198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorship was calculated as the percentage of individuals surviving toadulthood. Developmental period was considered the number of days from firstinstar to adulthood. Insects were allowed to develop for 10 d, then weighed togetherusing a Mettler ME balance (5 µg sensitivity).The oviposition preference of the same nine insect species was studied asanother basis for evaluating the suitability of ratoon as an insect-host crop. Potted3-wk-old ratoon and transplanted plants with and without 60 kg N/ha wererandomly arranged inside a nylon mesh cage (100 × 15 × 75 cm). Each setup of fourtreatments was replicated six times in a randomized complete block design.Ten pairs of adults less than 3 d old were introduced into each cage andallowed to oviposit for 7 d. Egg production was determined in the greenhouse,except for hoppers. Those eggs were counted by dissecting tillers and leaf sheathsunder a stereomicroscope.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONInsect pest population dynamicsThe ratoon crop was less attractive to RWM (fewer eggs and damaged leaves wererecorded) than was the seeded second crop (Table 1), probably because ratoonplants covered more of the paddy water during early crop growth period than didplants of the seeded second crop. More sunlight reflecting on the water surface of theTable 1. Effect of crop establishment methods and flooding regimes of the second crop oninsect pests and their predators. a IRRI, Aug 1983-Feb 1984.ArthropodWhorl maggot e(no. eggs/m 2 )Whorl maggot f 30 DT(% damaged leaves)Leaffolder g g(% damaged leaves)Green leafhopper h(no./m 2 )Whitebacked planthopper h(no./m 2 )Brown planthopper h(no./m 2 )Spiders h(no./m 2 )Ripple bug h(no./m 2 )Mirid bug h(no./m 2 ),Stem borers j(% Infested tillers)Crop establishment Seedingmethod b method c Flooding regime dRatoon Seeded D TPR WSR Intermittent Continuous0.6 1.40.8 2.40.6 00.6 1.41.1 1.80.9 0.79.5 3.915.4 11.90.3 1.10.4 0.1** 1.4 2.8 ** 2.0 2.2** 11.3 14.8 ** 2.9 2.9******0.31.10.90.4 ns1.9 **0.9 ns0.41.70.90.32.21.0ns 0.8 0.7 ns 0.6 0.9** 7.2 6.2 ns 4.1 9.3ns 11.3 14.4 ns 7.9 9.4** 0.4 0.9 ** 0.6 0.8** 0.3 0.1 ** 0.1 0.2nsnsns**nsns****nsnsa Av of 3 replications. ns = not significant at P = 0.05; ** = significant at P = 0.01. b Av overseeding methods and flooding regimes. c Av over crop establishment methods and floodingregimes. d Av over crop establishment and seeding methods. e 1 m 2 sampled weekly 3-7 WT.f 1 m 2 sampled at 30. DT. g 1 m 2 sampled 40 DT. h 1 m 2 sampled twice a week (18 times) withFARMCOP sampler. j 1 m 2 sampled unit in 3 locations per date over 7 sampling date.
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
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Genetics and varietal improvementIn
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2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
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4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
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6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
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8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
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10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
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12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
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14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
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Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
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32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
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34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
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36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
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38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
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40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
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42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
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44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
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46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
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48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
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50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
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52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
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Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
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Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
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RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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89111306514772Special points Refere
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72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
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74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
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76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
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78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
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80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
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82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
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84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
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Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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23123722821721922222421423122421722
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98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
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100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
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102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
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Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
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114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
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116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
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Potential for rice ratooningin east
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RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
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Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
Page 154 and 155: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
Page 156: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
Page 159 and 160: 152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
Page 161 and 162: 154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
Page 163 and 164: 156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
Page 165 and 166: 158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
Page 167 and 168: 160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
Page 170 and 171: Agronomic principles and practiceso
Page 172 and 173: AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
Page 184 and 185: Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
Page 186 and 187: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 192: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
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Page 197 and 198: 190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
Page 199 and 200: 192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
Page 201 and 202: 194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
Page 203: 196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
Page 207 and 208: 200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
Page 209 and 210: 202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
Page 211 and 212: 204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
Page 213 and 214: 206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
Page 215 and 216: 208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
Page 217 and 218: 210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
Page 219 and 220: 212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
Page 221 and 222: 214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
Page 223 and 224: 216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
Page 226 and 227: Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
Page 228 and 229: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
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Page 235 and 236: 228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
Page 237 and 238: Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
Page 240 and 241: Disease and insect pestsand their c
Page 242 and 243: DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
Page 244 and 245: DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
Page 246 and 247: Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
Page 248 and 249: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 250 and 251: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 252: INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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