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BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND SEED PRODUCTION 183Hybrid vigor has been observed in crop establishment and in ratoon cropperformance (K.P. Vishwanatha, R.A. Krishnamurthy, and M. Mahadevappa,pers. comm.).The overall advantage of use of a ratoon crop system for grain and seedproduction can be summarized as:1. The lag time for plant establishment is avoided in the ratoon crop becauseof the absence of the seedling stage,2. The crop cycle is reduced,3. The growing season is better utilized, and4. In a given period of time, yield per unit is higher.Seed production in winterSeeds produced in the ratoon crop season have better luster and quality because ofthe absence of rains, at least toward the second half of the cropping season. Also, inhigh- and medium-elevation areas, flowering coinciding with low temperature leadsto crop failure. This could be overcome by ratooning the main crop at theappropriate vegetative stage in late season plantings. This practice is common intank-dependent tracts in Southern Karnataka. The cutting provides green fodder tocattle; in fact, the system prevailed with S. 1092 even before the advent of semidwarfrices.Induction of flowering in photoperiod-sensitive varietiesPhotoperiod-sensitive varieties planted in the dry season do not flower under thelong days in Bangalore. But a main crop of photoperiod-sensitive Intan, planted inJuly and ratooned by cutting the main crop during December-January, will flowernormally during April. This is an indirect advantage of ratoon cropping. The qualityof seeds harvested in dry season should be superior; this needs to be studied.CONCLUSIONRice ratoon cropping shows potential for increasing rice production at low costwithout increasing land area and without sacrificing high productivity growingconditions. Superior resistant varieties bred especially for particular growingconditions (taking into consideration ratooning ability, growth duration, and grainor seed quality) and scientific management practice applicable to the growingsituations should establish rice ratooning as a viable rice-based farming systempractice, at least in favorable agroclimates. In fact, continuous ratooning (twice)seemed feasible, based on the performance of two early-maturing varieties where thesecond crop ratoon had much higher yields and better grain characteristics than thefirst ratoon (18). With the hybrid varieties being developed in rice, using ratooning infoundation seed multiplication and certified seed production opens up new lines ofresearch. Using ratooning to produce lustrous and good quality seeds, even fromphotoperiod-sensitive varieties under long day conditions, is worthwhile. Moredetailed ratoon cropping research on all aspects is needed, simultaneously with thesearch for resistant genetic material.
184 RICE RATOONINGREFERENCES CITED1. Aubin, J,P. 1979. Rice and its ratooning in Richard-Toll, Senegal, Montpellier. JRAT. 11 p.2. Bardhan Roy, S.K., B.S. Vergara, and G. Pateña. 1982. Rice with ratooning ability for deepwaterareas. Pages 305-309 in Proceedings of the 1981 international deepwater rice workshop. InternationalRice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines.3. Chatterjee, B.N., S. Bhattacharya, and P. Debnath. 1982. Ratooning of rice. Oryza 19:226-227.4. Chauhan, J.S., B.S. Vergara, and F.S.S. Lopez. 1985. Rice ratooning. IRRI Res. Pap. Ser. 102.5. Cuevas-Perez, F.E. 1980. Inheritance and association of six agronomic traits and stem-basecarbohydrate concentration on ratooning ability in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Ph D thesis, Oregon StateUniversity. 102 p.6. Garcia, R.N., B.B. Mabbayad, and B.S. Vergara. 1981. The effect of growth duration and differentlevels of light intensity on the ratooning ability of rice. Philipp. J. Crop Sci. 5(3):109-111.7. Gay, B. 1961. Ratooning methods of a Texas rice farmer. Rice J. 64:22.8. Hsieh, C.F., and F.P. Young. 1959. Studies on the cultivation of ratoon rice [in Chinese, Englishsummary]. Agric. Res. (Renamed as J. Taiwan Agric. Res.) 3(3/4):21-32.9. Leopold, A.C., and P.E. Kriedemann. 1975. Plant growth and development. McGraw Hill Book Co.,New York. 545 p.10. Mahadevappa, M. 1979. Ratoon cropping to increase rice production. UAS Tech. Ser. 26.Bangalore, India.11. Mahadevappa, M. 1980. Ratooning of rice in Karnataka. Indian Farming 30(6):7-8.12. Mengel, D.B., and W.J. Leonards. 1977. Effects of water management and nitrogen fertilization onsecond crop yield and quality (A preliminary report). Annual progress report. Louisiana Rice Exp.Stn. 69:38-41.13. Mengel, D.B., and W.J. Leonards. 1978. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizationon the yield and quality of second crop Labelle rice. Annual progress report. Louisiana Agric. Exp.Stn. 70:60-62.14. Muniyappa, V. 1974. Status of rice yellow dwarf disease in rice production in Karnataka State. Ph Dthesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India. 125 p.15. Muniyappa, V. 1980. Control of yellow dwarf disease of rice using insecticides. IL RISO 29:309-312.16. Muniyappa, V. 1980. Effect of yellow dwarf disease on the yield of rice under field conditions. ILRISO 29:223-226.17. Muniyappa, V., and K. Ramakrishnan. 1976. Epidemiology of yellow dwarf disease of rice. MysoreJ. Agric. Sci. 10:259-270.18. Nadal, A.M., and V.R. Carangal. 1979. Performance of the main and ratoon crops of 13 advancedrice selections under dry seeded rainfed bunded conditions. Philipp. J. Crop Sci. 4(2/3):95-101.19. Nagaraja, A., and M. Mahadevappa. 1986. Quality of main and ratoon crop seeds of rice. Oryza23(2):118-122.20. Patil, N.M., and M. Mahadevappa. 1983. Study of flowering behaviour influencing outcrossing inKarnataka Male sterile-1, Pushpa and Intan mutant rices ( Oryza sativa L.). (Submitted to SeedResearch).21. Plucknett, D.L., R.G. Escalada, and R.R. dela Peña. 1978. Crop ratooning. J. Series 2266 of theHawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 40 p.22. Plucknett, D.L., J.P. Evenson, and W.G. Sanford. 1970. Ratoon cropping. Adv. Agron. 22:285-330.23. Reddy, T.G., M. Mahadevappa, and W.R. Coffman. 1986. Ratoon crop performance of somepromising genotypes in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Oryza 23(l):32-36.24. Reddy, T.G., M. Mahadevappa, and K.R. Kulkami. 1979. Ratoon cropping of rainfed rice. Int. RiceRes. Newsl. 4(5):25-26.25. Reddy, T.G., M. Mahadevappa, and K.R. Kulkami. 1979. Rice ratoon crop management in hillyregions of Karnataka, India. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4(6):22-23.26. Reddy, V.R., and M.S. Pawar. 1959. Studies on ratooning in paddy. Andhra Agric. J. 6:70-72.27. Samson, B.T. 1980. Rice ratooning: effects of varietal type and some cultural management practices.MS thesis, University of the Philippines at Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 116 p.28. Saran, A.B., and M. Prasad. 1952. Ratooning in paddy. Curr. Sci. 21(8):223-224.29. Shivakumaraswamy, P.H., and M. Mahadevappa. 1986. Inheritance of ratoonability in rice.(Submitted to Current Research).30. Volkova, N.P., and A.P. Smetanin. 1971. On ratooning characters of rice cv adapted to the Kubanregion. Byulleten Nancho - Issledovatel Skii Institute Risa 3:21-24. Rajaativnyi Zhurnal. 55(3):345.
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
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Genetics and varietal improvementIn
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2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
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4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
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6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
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8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
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10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
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12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
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14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
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Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
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32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
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34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
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36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
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38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
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40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
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42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
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44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
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46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
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48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
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50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
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52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
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Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
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Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
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RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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89111306514772Special points Refere
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72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
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74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
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76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
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78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
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80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
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82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
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84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
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Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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23123722821721922222421423122421722
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98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
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100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
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102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
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Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
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114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
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116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
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Page 142 and 143: Potential for rice ratooningin east
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Page 150 and 151: Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
Page 152 and 153: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
Page 154 and 155: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
Page 156: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
Page 159 and 160: 152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
Page 161 and 162: 154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
Page 163 and 164: 156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
Page 165 and 166: 158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
Page 167 and 168: 160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
Page 170 and 171: Agronomic principles and practiceso
Page 172 and 173: AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
Page 184 and 185: Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
Page 186 and 187: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 188 and 189: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 192: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 195 and 196: 188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
Page 197 and 198: 190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
Page 199 and 200: 192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
Page 201 and 202: 194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
Page 203 and 204: 196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
Page 205 and 206: 198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
Page 207 and 208: 200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
Page 209 and 210: 202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
Page 211 and 212: 204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
Page 213 and 214: 206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
Page 215 and 216: 208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
Page 217 and 218: 210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
Page 219 and 220: 212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
Page 221 and 222: 214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
Page 223 and 224: 216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
Page 226 and 227: Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
Page 228 and 229: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 230 and 231: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 232: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 235 and 236: 228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
Page 237 and 238: Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
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Disease and insect pestsand their c
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
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INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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