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BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND SEED PRODUCTION 181Table 1. Comparison of main crop (M) and ratoon crop (R) seeds for 1000-seed weight, electricalconductivity of seed leachate, root length, shoot length, and dry weight of seedlings.TreatmentElectricalSeedling character1000-seed conductivity ofweight (g) seed leachate Root Shoot Dry wt(mmhos/cm) length length (mg/10(cm) (cm) seedlings)T1 cv. MangalaT2T3 cv. Cold Adakkan 27T4T5 cv. Mulliam PunchaT6T7 cv. Cold Adakkan 74T8T9 cv. CH2T10T11T12cv. Cold AdakkanT13T14cv. MingoloF testSEM ±CD (0.01)CV (%)MRMRMRMRMRMRMRMean20.8419.8121.0322.0222.9420.4926.7523.1222.8222.3822.2122.8324.9723.1722.53**0.1260.4920.9720.3714.97 11.29 112.00.3010.65 8.20 106.30.6213.67 14.68 124.00.4211.03 11.62 131.30.387.08 2.68 202.70.28 5.52 1.84 146.30.34 12.83 13.29 169.70.539.87 11.87 148.00.38 13.61 14.07 145.70.419.11 9.85 71.00.5014.44 14.42 110.30.459.80 11.26 85.30.2815.12 12.87 165.30.2316.29 13.19 141.00.39 11.66 10.80 132.8** ** ** **0.015 0.955 0.805 6.230.0583.730 3.144 24.346.767 14.187 12.907 8.13**Significant at the 1% level.Table 2. Germination capacity, germination speed, field emergence, and vigor index of seedsfrom main crops (M) and ratoon crops (R) of seven rice cultivars.TreatmentGermination Germination Field Vigorcapacity (%) a speed emergence indexT1T2cv. MangalaT3T4cv. Cold Adakkan 27T5T6cv. Mulliam PunchaT7 cv. Cold Adakkan 74T8T9T10T11T12T13T14cv. CH2cv. Cold Adakkancv. MingoloF testSEM ±CD (0.01)CV (%)MRMRMRMRMRMRMRMean80.27 (97.00)31.62 (27.67)81.94 (96.33)39.22 (40.00)58.59 (72.67)24.29 (17.00)71.92 (90.33)47.64 (54.33)77.63 (94.67)28.51 (23.00)80.91 (97.33)50.38 (59.33)76.73 (94.67)67.94 (85.00)58.40 (67.81)**2.76110.7878.18919.053.7217.924.779.891.1917.387.0218.762.5119.328.1017.2615.8911.63**0.4391.7166.54953.42 (64.00)27.62 (21.67)61.37 (77.00)39.81 (41.00)57.89 (71.67)28.65 (23.00)69.16 (87.33)53.93 (65.33)67.21 (85.00)20.23 (12.00)69.75 (80.00)43.66 (47.67)71.58 (90.00)70.94 (89.33)52.51 (61.50)**2.4499.5688.0792483517273890471212723581176263543928101245264925041664**146.0570.315.2**Significant at the 1% level. a Figures are transformed values of angles corresponding to percentage.Figures in parentheses are original percentage values. Vigor index = mean seedlinglength x germination %.ratoon crop seed quality of certain genotypes need to be investigated so that thequality of ratoon crop seed can be improved through specific management practices.Seed vigor and storability also need to be studied concurrently.
182 <strong>RICE</strong> <strong>RATOONING</strong>Table 3. Pattern of seed setting on A and B lines of Pankhari 203 stubble plantedduring kharif 1984.Observation A BMean seed setting (%)Range (%)Mode (%)Seed yield per plant (g)Seed yield per hectare (kg)9.32.6-27.2103.150873.051.7-89.977.515.92656Maintenance of CMS linesVegetative propagation techniques, through stubble planting or ratooning, areimportant in the production of foundation and certified hybrid seed. Maintenanceof CMS lines itself is challenging, because of the very poor seed setting performanceof the parents. The stubble of the previous crop can be used to multiply CMS plants,provided the genotypes have a regeneration capacity (34). In some CMS lines, likePankhari A and B, and MS 577 A and B, the stubble grew as well as the main crop.The seed yields from those were comparable to those of the main crop (Table 3).Because on stubble planting each plant can produce 6-10 plants, it is worthselecting or developing CMS lines that have good regeneration potential. Also,when the CMS plants of the main crop fail to set seeds because of nonsynchronizationof flowering of A and B or of A and R plants or for some otherreasons, stubble planting is useful for maintaining and multiplying the CMS plants.The system is also useful when the initial seed stock is limited.Synchronization of floweringOne detrimental factor in maintaining CMS lines and in F 1 seed production isasynchronization in the flowering of female and male plants. Staggered planting andadjusting the planting times are among the techniques to get better nicking inflowering of female and male plants. Stubble planting may become an acceptedtechnique to accomplish synchronization of flowering, since the stubble-plantedCMS and male plants tend to produce panicles with relatively less time difference(34). We can induce pollen production and distribution for a long period by cutting afew tillers of the pollen parent at the vegetative stage (20).In Bangalore, clones of vegetatively propagated KMS 1 varied in the floweringtime of tillers produced in the same hill; some tillers flower early. To adjust theflowering of the female parent (KMS 1), the early-flowering tillers were cut aboveground level 2 times within 1 wk in summer and 3 times within 10 d in the wet season.This accounted for a higher seed set on KMS 1 (20).Reduced cost of hybrid seed productionStubble planting is one way to minimize the cost of parent and hybrid seedproduction, since buying new seeds for every planting can be avoided. The cost ofseed, nursery preparation, labor-intensive transplanting, and, to some extent, thecost of fertilizers and irrigation will be reduced. If we can incorporate ratooningability into the hybrid crop itself, through A or R, it will be a great advantage.
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
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Genetics and varietal improvementIn
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2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
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4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
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6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
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8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
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10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
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12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
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14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
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Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
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32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
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34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
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36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
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38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
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40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
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42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
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44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
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46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
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48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
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50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
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52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
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Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
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Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
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RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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89111306514772Special points Refere
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72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
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74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
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76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
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78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
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80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
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82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
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84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
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Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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23123722821721922222421423122421722
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98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
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100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
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102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
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Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
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114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
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116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
Page 138 and 139: RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
Page 140 and 141: RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
Page 142 and 143: Potential for rice ratooningin east
Page 144 and 145: RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
Page 150 and 151: Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
Page 152 and 153: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
Page 154 and 155: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
Page 156: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
Page 159 and 160: 152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
Page 161 and 162: 154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
Page 163 and 164: 156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
Page 165 and 166: 158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
Page 167 and 168: 160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
Page 170 and 171: Agronomic principles and practiceso
Page 172 and 173: AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
Page 184 and 185: Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
Page 186 and 187: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 190 and 191: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 192: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 195 and 196: 188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
Page 197 and 198: 190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
Page 199 and 200: 192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
Page 201 and 202: 194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
Page 203 and 204: 196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
Page 205 and 206: 198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
Page 207 and 208: 200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
Page 209 and 210: 202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
Page 211 and 212: 204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
Page 213 and 214: 206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
Page 215 and 216: 208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
Page 217 and 218: 210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
Page 219 and 220: 212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
Page 221 and 222: 214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
Page 223 and 224: 216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
Page 226 and 227: Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
Page 228 and 229: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 230 and 231: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 232: YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 235 and 236: 228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
Page 237 and 238: Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
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Disease and insect pestsand their c
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
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INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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