RICE RATOONING - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects and potentialsM. M. Hossain and A. K. M. FarooqBangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, BangladeshABSTRACTAgroecological conditions in Bangladesh are divided into three distinct rice croppingseasons, with cropping patterns to fit particular agroclimatic regions. Rainfed andirrigated rice-based cropping systems have developed where monthly total rainfall isfavorable and in locations with assured irrigation. Crop intensification by ratooncultivation is one way to secure more food production in Bangladesh, but its prospectsare restricted by unfavorable weather during the boro season. However, prospects forratoon cultivation during aus, after the boro harvest, as well as during transplantedaman after aus harvest might be feasible. High-yielding, good-ratooning boro and ausvarieties are needed. Pajam II and IR50 produced good numbers of ratoons and yielded1.1-2.4 t/ha after boro and aus. Traditional deepwater rice areas are converting toirrigated boro followed by fallow, late-seeded, or transplanted deepwater rice. Ifdeepwater rice varieties with good ratooning ability could be developed, with thecapability of producing high yields for boro cultivation followed by ratooning,deepwater rice areas presently fallow could be brought into production.The cultivable land in densely populated tropical Asia is already being farmed. Infact, the agricultural land area is gradually decreasing as land is diverted tononagricultural uses. At the same time, rapid population growth is increasingday-to-day food demands. To meet these increasing demands, food production willhave to increase by intensifying land use and by increasing yields.Rice ratooning saves time and production costs and could increaseproductivity where irrigation facilities are limited or when a fallow period existsbetween crops.In recent years, farmers in many countries have begun rice ratooning. Thepractice can be successful if soil moisture is available for at least a month after themain crop harvest (7). Ratoon growth will vary with internal and external conditions(4): food reserves in the stubble, number and vigor of resting buds, number andcondition of rice plant roots, mineral nutrient status in the field, and watermanagement. External conditions, such as agroclimatic factors, also affect riceratooning capacity.CLIMATE OF BANGLADESHBangladesh is situated between latitude 20.50°N and 26.20°N and longitude 88.50°Eand 92.50°E. The significant variation in temperature, humidity, rainfall, and solar
144 RICE RATOONINGradiation is typical of such subtropical locations. During winter (Nov-Feb),minimum temperatures are about 9 °C and maximums about 27 °C. Relativehumidity remains fairly low during winter, but is often above 95% during summer.Average annual rainfall is 2,100 mm, with significant variation by district, month,and year.In the northern region (Rajshahi, Pabna, Dinajpur, Rangpur, and Bogradistricts), average high temperatures are 33-38 °C April-May; average rainfall is234.4 mm during June. In the eastern region (Comilla, Sylhet, and Chittagongdistricts), average temperatures are 27-31°C during April-May and average rainfallis 379 mm during June-July.In the southern region (Sonagazi, Barisal, and Khulna districts), average hightemperatures are 32-36 °C during April-May; rainfall is 724 mm at Sonagazi and 399mm at Barisal in August.RICE CULTIVATION IN BANGLADESHRice is cultivated on about 10.6 million ha (Table 1). Modern varieties are grown onabout 2.79 million ha (26.3%). Pajam is grown on 0.6 million ha (5.7%) and localvarieties (including b. aman) are grown on the remaining 7.21 million ha (68%).Rice is cultivated in three seasons: boro (Nov-Apr), aus (Apr-Aug), and t.aman (Jul-Nov). About 1.21 million ha (77%) of boro land, 0.65 million ha (22.1%)of aus land, and 0.93 million ha (20.9%) of t. aman land are planted to MVs.Broadcast aman (deepwater rice) is grown on about 18% of the total riceland.As the irrigated land area increases (Table 2), the deepwater rice area is decreasing,from 1.82 million ha in 1975 to 1.3 million ha in 1985 (2).Table 1. Area planted to modern rice varieties, Bangladesh, 1985.SeasonArea planted (million ha)MVs Local Pajam TotalBoroAusT. amanTotalB. aman1.210.650.932.79–0.542.293.075.901.310.15–0.450.60–1.902.944.459.291.31Table 2. Distribution of total irrigated lands under rice cultivation and totalbroadcast aman, by season, Bangladesh, 1980-83.YearTotalTotal irrigated area (ha)croppedarea (ha) Boro Aus T. amanTotalbroadcastamanarea (ha)1979-801980-811981-821982-83– 1,008,8069,565,992 998,9889,587,854 1,042,1239,613,765 1,140,39991,919 128,650119,749 140,498113,089 184,387125,350 194,3521,615,7891,595,5461,586,6401,547,368Source: Bureau of Statistics.
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
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Genetics and varietal improvementIn
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2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
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4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
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6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
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8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
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10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
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12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
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14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
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Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
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32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
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34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
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36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
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38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
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40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
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42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
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44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
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46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
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48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
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50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
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52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
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Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
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Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
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RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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89111306514772Special points Refere
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72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
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74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
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76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
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78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
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80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
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82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
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84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
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Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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Page 102: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
Page 105 and 106: 98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
Page 107 and 108: 100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
Page 109 and 110: 102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
Page 112 and 113: Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
Page 114 and 115: RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
Page 116: RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
Page 119 and 120: 112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
Page 121 and 122: 114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
Page 123 and 124: 116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
Page 126 and 127: Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
Page 128 and 129: RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
Page 130 and 131: Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
Page 132 and 133: RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
Page 134 and 135: RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
Page 136 and 137: Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
Page 138 and 139: RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
Page 140 and 141: RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
Page 142 and 143: Potential for rice ratooningin east
Page 144 and 145: RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
Page 152 and 153: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
Page 154 and 155: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
Page 156: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
Page 159 and 160: 152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
Page 161 and 162: 154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
Page 163 and 164: 156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
Page 165 and 166: 158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
Page 167 and 168: 160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
Page 170 and 171: Agronomic principles and practiceso
Page 172 and 173: AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
Page 184 and 185: Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
Page 186 and 187: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 192: BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 195 and 196: 188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
Page 197 and 198: 190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
Page 199 and 200: 192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
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194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
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196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
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198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
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200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
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202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
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204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
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206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
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208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
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210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
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212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
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214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
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216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
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Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
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YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
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228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
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Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
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Disease and insect pestsand their c
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
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INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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