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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin the central and northern beltsof IndiaB. K. SinghNational Agricultural Research ProjectRajendra Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IndiaABSTRACTThe prospects for rice ratoon cropping in the central and northern belts of India areassessed in light of two critical requirements: water and suitable temperatures.Experimental evidence indicates the possibility of growing a ratoon crop of summerrice, which at present is grown only in small areas due to lack of irrigation. In areasfollowing the sequence summer rice - kharif (rainy season) rice - wheat, kharif rice maybe replaced, at least partially, by a ratoon crop of the summer rice. A summer riceratoon crop could also be taken between the two rice crops by shifting the transplantingof kharif (photoperiod-sensitive) rice to a later date, using a system known locally askharuhan (where seedlings are transplanted from the first nursery into a secondnursery before final transplanting in the field) or older healthy seedlings. Where landneeds to be vacated by September for early planting of winter crops (early potatoes,chillies, Brassica campestris var. toria, berseem or Trifolium alexandrinum chillies,sugarcane, winter maize), a summer rice ratoon may find a place in the croppingsystem. Ratoon rice cropping of early-maturing kharif rice also appears feasible,provided varieties possess some cold tolerance at heading. Rice varieties harvested inNovember-December cannot be ratooned because of low winter temperatures anddemand on the land for wheat cultivation. Ratoon cropping of boro (November-May)rice grown in flood-affected low-lying areas and the mid-lowlands of Katihar andPurnea Districts of Bihar and parts of West Bengal and northeastern India needs to betried. Cropping patterns involving ratooning must, to be successful, give the farmeradvantages over existing ones in terms of better profits and reduced laborrequirements.Rice ratoon cropping is not practiced in the central and northern belts of India atpresent. Reports on rice ratoon cropping in the literature are scarce. Althoughsporadic attempts have been made to study the possibility of rice ratoon cropping innortheastern India, no systematic and sustained efforts have been made so far toexplore the feasibility of introducing rice ratooning in these areas. However, on thebasis of prevailing rice farming practices and limited experimental data on riceratooning, this paper suggests areas where rice ratooning might be possible.
124 RICE RATOONINGEXPERIMENTS ON RICE RATOONINGRatoon of summer riceSaran et al (2) tested the performance of photoperiod-insensitive varieties during thesummer season (March to July) at Dholi, in northern Bihar, and observed thatimmediately after the harvest in July, all these varieties developed fresh vegetativegrowth. They allowed the tillers to grow and recorded the yields. Taichung Native-1as a summer main crop gave significantly higher yield than SL016 and N22 (Table 1).Taichung Native-1 gave yields 4.7% higher than NC1626, 8.8% higher than T21, and12% higher than N136. But the same set of varieties behaved differently in the ratoonculture, where T21 was significantly superior in yield to the other varieties. Ratoonduration of the ratoon crop was less than half that of the main crop. However,ratoon crop yields were poor compared with main crop yields.My associates and I conducted a trial on summer rice varieties Pusa 221, Pusa33, CR44-35, NC1626, IET 1444, and C8585 at the Rajendra Agricultural UniversityFarm, Pusa (North Bihar), in 1979 and studied the tiller regeneration ability of thesevarieties. The soil of the experimental plot was calcareous silt loam of mediumfertility, pH 8.7, and EC 1.20 mmhos/cm at 25 °C. Seed was sown on 16 Mar andseedlings transplanted at 15 × 15 cm spacing on 19 Apr. The main crop received120-18-17 kg NPK/ha. C8585 was harvested on 16 Jul, NC1626 on 19 Jul, leaving a15 cm stubble from ground level. Other varieties were harvested 1 wk earlier. Theratoon crop was hand weeded 15 d after the main crop was harvested and topdressedwith 20 kg N/ha. The field remained saturated with occasional flooding. Only theratoon crops of NC1626 (intermediate) and C8585 (semidwarf) were harvested: theother varieties showed poor tiller regeneration ability and their yields were notrecorded.The C8585 ratoon yielded 31% of the main crop yield; NC1626, 24% of themain crop (Table 2). Total main and ratoon crop yields, however, were higher inNC1626. The height of the ratoon crop was 25% shorter than that of the main crop.Panicle-bearing shoots/ hill of the ratoon seemed to be positively correlated with thenumber of panicle-bearing shoots/ hill of the main crop. The reduction in number ofripened grains/panicle of the ratoon was more pronounced (20-26%) than panicleTable 1. Grain yield and duration of photoperiod-insensitive summer rice varietiesand their ratoons, Dholi (North Bihar), India, 1969.VarietyGrain yield (t/ha)Days to maturitySummer crop Ratoon crop Total Summer crop Ratoon cropNC1626T21SL016N22N136TaichungNative-1MeanCD (0.05)3.933.763.173.383.634.133.660.590.761.540.340.710.530.630.750.294.695.303.514.094.164.764.41137143143138134138596859595959
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
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Genetics and varietal improvementIn
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2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
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4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
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6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
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8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
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10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
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12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
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14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
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Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
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32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
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34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
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36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
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38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
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40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
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42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
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44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
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46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
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48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
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50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
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52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
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Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
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RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
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Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
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RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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89111306514772Special points Refere
Page 79 and 80: 72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
Page 81 and 82: 74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
Page 83 and 84: 76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
Page 85 and 86: 78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
Page 87 and 88: 80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
Page 89 and 90: 82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
Page 91 and 92: 84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
Page 94 and 95: Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
Page 96 and 97: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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Page 102: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
Page 105 and 106: 98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
Page 107 and 108: 100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
Page 109 and 110: 102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
Page 112 and 113: Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
Page 114 and 115: RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
Page 116: RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
Page 119 and 120: 112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
Page 121 and 122: 114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
Page 123 and 124: 116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
Page 126 and 127: Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
Page 128 and 129: RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
Page 132 and 133: RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
Page 134 and 135: RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
Page 136 and 137: Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
Page 138 and 139: RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
Page 140 and 141: RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
Page 142 and 143: Potential for rice ratooningin east
Page 144 and 145: RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
Page 150 and 151: Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
Page 152 and 153: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
Page 154 and 155: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
Page 156: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
Page 159 and 160: 152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
Page 161 and 162: 154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
Page 163 and 164: 156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
Page 165 and 166: 158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
Page 167 and 168: 160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
Page 170 and 171: Agronomic principles and practiceso
Page 172 and 173: AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
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AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
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AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
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Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
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BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
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188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
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190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
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192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
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194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
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196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
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198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
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200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
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202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
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204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
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206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
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208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
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210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
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212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
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214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
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216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
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Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
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YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
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228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
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Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
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Disease and insect pestsand their c
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
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INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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