RICE RATOONING - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Status of and potentialfor rice ratoon croppingin Tamil NaduA. Palchamy and G. SoundrapandianAgricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai - 625104, Tamil Nadu,IndiaABSTRACTIn Tamil Nadu, rice ratoon cropping is not ordinarily practiced by farmers except inisolated pockets of Cumbum Valley and Chingleput District. Twenty-five percent of thearea under rice is monocropped under canal- or tank-fed irrigation systems, wherewater is available for 190 d. A single crop of rice maturing in 130-135 d is raised eithertransplanted or direct-seeded. There is scope for raising a ratoon crop in the single-cropwetlands of Tamil Nadu, where surplus irrigation water is available for 55 d.Experiments were conducted during 1967-68 to 1984-85 to study the ratooning abilityof different short- and medium-duration varieties superimposed with the treatmentssuch as stubble height, nitrogen levels, and irrigation regimes. Cv Bhavani was foundconsistently superior to the rest as a ratoon crop, recording the maximum ratoon cropyield, accounting for 58% of the main crop yield. Harvesting the main crop atphysiological maturity stage, leaving a 20-cm stubble height, and applying 120 kgN/ha in split doses to the ratoon crop produced the maximum grain yield. The ratooncrop of Bhavani matured in 70 d and the main crop in 135 d.In Tamil Nadu, rice ratoon cropping is not ordinarily practiced by farmers, except inisolated pockets of Cumbum Valley and Chingleput District. Twenty-five percent ofthe area under rice is grown with a single crop of medium-duration varieties undercanal- and tank-fed irrigation systems. Isolated studies on ratooning of rice inTamil Nadu have shown promise for utilizing the surplus irrigation water potentialin 2.25 million hectares of double-cropped and single-cropped lowlands (Table 1).Water is available for irrigation in the double-cropped lowlands for 210-240 d,of which surplus water is available for nearly 30 d after the harvest of the secondcrop, depending upon the monsoon rains. Cropping intensity can be increased in thedouble-cropped areas — where short-duration varieties are followed by mediumdurationvarieties — either by reducing the duration of the second crop from130-133 d to 100-110 d to fit in a third ratoon crop, or by efficient water managementin selected pockets in the head zones of the command areas in different canalsystems, such as the Cumbum Valley in Tamil Nadu.The ideal situation for ratoon cropping in Tamil Nadu, however, is thesingle-cropped lowland areas (0.72 million hectares) in the canal- and tank-fedsystems, where water is available for 190 d, depending upon the monsoon rains
112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and irrigation sources for rice crops in Tamil Nadu.Area (thousand ha)Irrigation sourceGovernment Private Tanks Tube Wells Other Totalcanals canals wells763 1 517 143 815 15 2254Source: Tamil Nadu - An Economic Appraisal 1984-85, Tamil Nadu.Table 2. Season and area of irrigated rice grown in Tamil Nadu.Area (thousand ha)First crop Second crop/ Third crop(Jun-Jul)single crop(Feb-Apr)(Sep-Oct)Total957 715 36 1708Source: Season and crop report of Tamil Nadu, 1979-80. Department of Statistics,Government of Tamil Nadu.(Table 2). Farmers traditionally cultivate a single crop of rice with medium-duration(130-135 d) varieties, either followed by a short-duration crop (legumes and millets)or left fallow. The surplus water available for 55-70 d in the single-cropped lowlandscan be economically utilized for a ratoon crop after main crop harvest.The climate also favors ratoon cropping. The main crop is sown in August andharvested in November-December. The northeast monsoon (October to mid-December) brings about 448 mm (50 yr average) rainfall as supplemental irrigationfor the ratoon crop. The maximum and minimum average temperatures of 37 °Cand 24 °C favor maximum productivity of the rice crop. Pest and disease incidence islow or almost nil, another point favoring the raising of a ratoon crop of rice.Ratoon cropping trials and experiments in Tamil Nadu have tested: 1) tillerregeneration ability, 2) fertilizer management, 3) stubble height, 4) crop duration,5) per day productivity, and 6) water management.RATOONING ABILITY OF CULTIVARSGenotypic differences in tiller regeneration ability have been reported among the 30varieties studied at the rice research stations at Ambasamudram, Madurai,Coimbatore, Tirur, and Aduthurai in Tamil Nadu (1-11). The ratoon crop grainyields ranged from 0.75 to 4.8 t/ha; ratoon crop yield as a percentage of the maincrop yield ranged from 7.5 to 115.3 (Table 3).In six trials, Bhavani (Peta × BPI 76) with a maturity period of 135 d showedthe best tiller regeneration ability, with 4.9 t/ha ratoon crop yield during the 1979second crop season (68.4% of the main crop yield) and 4 t/ha during the 1985 secondcrop season (58.0% of the main crop yield) at Madurai center. In the 1984 trial at the
Page 2 and 3:
RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
Page 4 and 5:
ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
Page 6 and 7:
Genetics and varietal improvementIn
Page 9 and 10:
2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
Page 11 and 12:
4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
Page 13 and 14:
6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
Page 15 and 16:
8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
Page 17 and 18:
10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
Page 19 and 20:
12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
Page 21 and 22:
14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
Page 24 and 25:
Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
Page 26 and 27:
ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36:
Page 39 and 40:
32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
Page 41 and 42:
34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
Page 43 and 44:
36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
Page 45 and 46:
38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
Page 47 and 48:
40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
Page 49 and 50:
42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
Page 51 and 52:
44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
Page 53 and 54:
46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
Page 55 and 56:
48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
Page 57 and 58:
50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
Page 59 and 60:
52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
Page 62 and 63:
Utilization of rice ratooningby far
Page 64 and 65:
RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
Page 66 and 67: RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
Page 68 and 69: Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
Page 70 and 71: RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
Page 72 and 73: RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
Page 74: RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
Page 77 and 78: 89111306514772Special points Refere
Page 79 and 80: 72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
Page 81 and 82: 74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
Page 83 and 84: 76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
Page 85 and 86: 78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
Page 87 and 88: 80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
Page 89 and 90: 82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
Page 91 and 92: 84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
Page 94 and 95: Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
Page 96 and 97: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
Page 98 and 99: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
Page 100 and 101: 23123722821721922222421423122421722
Page 102: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
Page 105 and 106: 98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
Page 107 and 108: 100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
Page 109 and 110: 102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
Page 112 and 113: Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
Page 114 and 115: RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
Page 116: RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
Page 121 and 122: 114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
Page 123 and 124: 116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
Page 126 and 127: Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
Page 128 and 129: RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
Page 130 and 131: Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
Page 132 and 133: RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
Page 134 and 135: RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
Page 136 and 137: Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
Page 138 and 139: RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
Page 140 and 141: RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
Page 142 and 143: Potential for rice ratooningin east
Page 144 and 145: RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
Page 150 and 151: Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
Page 152 and 153: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
Page 154 and 155: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
Page 156: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
Page 159 and 160: 152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
Page 161 and 162: 154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
Page 163 and 164: 156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
Page 165 and 166: 158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
Page 167 and 168:
160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
Page 170 and 171:
Agronomic principles and practiceso
Page 172 and 173:
AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
Page 186 and 187:
BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192:
Page 195 and 196:
188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
Page 197 and 198:
190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
Page 199 and 200:
192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
Page 201 and 202:
194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
Page 203 and 204:
196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
Page 205 and 206:
198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
Page 207 and 208:
200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
Page 209 and 210:
202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
Page 211 and 212:
204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
Page 213 and 214:
206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
Page 215 and 216:
208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
Page 217 and 218:
210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
Page 219 and 220:
212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
Page 221 and 222:
214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
Page 223 and 224:
216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
Page 226 and 227:
Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
Page 228 and 229:
YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232:
Page 235 and 236:
228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
Page 237 and 238:
Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
Page 240 and 241:
Disease and insect pestsand their c
Page 242 and 243:
DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
Page 244 and 245:
DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
Page 246 and 247:
Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
Page 248 and 249:
INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252:
Page 255 and 256:
248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
Page 257 and 258:
250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
Page 259 and 260:
252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
Page 261 and 262:
254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
Page 264 and 265:
Commercial ratoon rice productionin
Page 266 and 267:
COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270:
Page 273 and 274:
0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
Page 275 and 276:
268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
Page 277 and 278:
270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
Page 280 and 281:
ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
Page 282 and 283:
Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
Page 284 and 285:
VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
Page 286:
VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
show all

RICE RATOONING - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?