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Production practices for ratoon ricein Tungabhadra River ProjectK. S. Prakash, K. Krishnamurthy, Y. C. Panchal, and B. G. PrakashAgricultural Research Station, Siruguppa, University of Agricultural Sciences,583121, India.About 0.2 million hectares of the irrigated area of northern Bellary and Raichurdistricts, Karnataka, are fed by the Tungabhadra River Project (TRP) canals(Fig. 1). The climate is characterized by high temperatures, adequate solarradiation, and low rainfall (Table 1). The climate is ideal for cultivating irrigated rice.Rice is grown mainly in autumn and summer. The autumn crop is normally a longdurationvariety. The summer crop is a medium-duration variety which can beharvested before the canal is closed, normally by the end of April. Until recently, ricewas thought to be a problem-free crop providing farmers stable income. Blastdisease is relatively unknown, but recent outbreaks of brown planthopper (BPH)have caused great losses to the rice crop.Need for rice ratooning in the TRP areaIn 1985, insufficient rain in the catchment area lowered water in the Tungabhadrareservoir. Silting, frequent breaches in canals, and improper water managementhave accentuated the scarcity of irrigation water, particularly during summer. In1985, the canals were reopened late in the season in July, and little time was left forcultivating a second crop. Rice growers were cautioned not to plant a second ricecrop because of receding water in the reservoir. However, the unsuitability ofricelands for alternative crops forced farmers to grow a second crop despite repeatedwarnings. Consequently, there was an increased demand for short-duration ricevarieties in the summer of 1986, even though their grain quality is inferior and yieldsare low.For these reasons, we are exploring ratooning the autumn main crop insteadof planting a second rice crop. Zandstra and Samson (3) indicated that ratoonedrice, which has a shorter duration than the main crop, has the potential to increaseyields where cropping intensity is limited by inadequate irrigation. It also costs less togrow a ratoon crop than a new crop. Mahadevappa (2) reported that an Intanratoon crop yielded 140% of the main crop. This cultivar, however, is notrecommended for irrigated northern areas of Karnataka. Ratoonable genotypesmust have good grain quality to meet standards of rice mills.Rice ratoon cropping was summarized by Chauhan et al (1). Successful ratooncropping requires proper cultural management for the main and the ratoon crops.Although heavy insect pest incidence reduces ratoon crop yields, no suitable
98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra River Project.chemical control measures have been recommended. BPH survives in stubble so itsincidence may decrease ratoon growth and yields in this region. Weed managementin rice is an important production practice, which is usually coupled with watermanagement. Severe weed population at ratooning may inhibit ratoon regenerationand reduce crop yields. Reports of chemical weed control in ratoon rice are lacking.CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR RICE RATOONINGWe conducted experiments to develop cultural practices for rice ratooning in theTRP area.Effect of nitrogen sourceThe soils of the TRP command area are deep Vertisols. To determine the effect of Nsource on ratoon yields, pot and field experiments were conducted. In the potexperiment, Pusa-l50, Rasi, IET7575, and BPT-5204 were used. The first set oftreatments consisted of 50 kg N/ha as urea, Azolla only at 2.5 t/ha, and zero N. Thesecond set consisted of 50 kg N/ha as urea, Azolla only at 2.5 t/ha, 25 kg N/ha +Azolla, and zero N. The first main crop in all these pots was continuously suppliedwith Azolla in addition to its continuous growth in pots. In the pot experiment, theratoons of the 4 genotypes treated with Azolla only and Azolla + 25 kg N/haremained green and vigorous and more tillers were regenerated. Azolla remainedgreen and grew vigorously until the first week of March. We could not summarize
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
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Genetics and varietal improvementIn
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2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
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4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
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6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
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8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
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10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
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12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
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14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
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Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
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32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
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34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
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36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
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38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
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40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
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42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
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44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
Page 53 and 54: 46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
Page 55 and 56: 48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
Page 57 and 58: 50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
Page 59 and 60: 52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
Page 62 and 63: Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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Page 68 and 69: Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
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Page 77 and 78: 89111306514772Special points Refere
Page 79 and 80: 72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
Page 81 and 82: 74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
Page 83 and 84: 76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
Page 85 and 86: 78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
Page 87 and 88: 80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
Page 89 and 90: 82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
Page 91 and 92: 84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
Page 94 and 95: Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
Page 96 and 97: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
Page 98 and 99: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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Page 102: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
Page 107 and 108: 100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
Page 109 and 110: 102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
Page 112 and 113: Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
Page 114 and 115: RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
Page 116: RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
Page 119 and 120: 112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
Page 121 and 122: 114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
Page 123 and 124: 116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
Page 126 and 127: Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
Page 128 and 129: RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
Page 130 and 131: Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
Page 132 and 133: RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
Page 134 and 135: RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
Page 136 and 137: Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
Page 138 and 139: RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
Page 140 and 141: RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
Page 142 and 143: Potential for rice ratooningin east
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Page 150 and 151: Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
Page 152 and 153: RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
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152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
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154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
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156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
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158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
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160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
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Agronomic principles and practiceso
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AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
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Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
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BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
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188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
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190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
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192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
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194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
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196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
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198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
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200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
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202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
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204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
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206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
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208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
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210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
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212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
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214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
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216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
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Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
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YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
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228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
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Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
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Disease and insect pestsand their c
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
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INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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