Understanding Smart Sensors - Nomads.usp

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Contentsix3.3.3 Hall Effect 603.3.4 Chemical Sensors 603.3.5 Improving Sensor Characteristics 613.4 Digital Output Sensors 623.4.1 Incremental Optical Encoders 633.4.2 Digital Techniques 643.5 Noise/Interference Aspects 653.6 Low-Power, Low-Voltage Sensors 663.6.1 Impedance 673.7 Analysis of Sensitivity Improvement 673.7.1 Thin Diaphragm 673.7.2 Increased Diaphragm Area 673.7.3 Combined Solution: Micromachining andMicroelectronics 683.8 Summary 68References 694 Getting Sensor Information Into the MCU 714.1 Introduction 714.2 Amplification and Signal Conditioning 724.2.1 Instrumentation Amplifiers 734.2.2 SLEEPMODE Operational Amplifier 754.2.3 Rail-to-Rail Operational Simplifiers 764.2.4 Switched-Capacitor Amplifier 774.2.5 Barometer Application Circuit 794.2.6 4- to 20-mA Signal Transmitter 794.2.7 Schmitt Trigger 794.2.8 Inherent Power-Supply Rejection 814.3 Separate Versus Integrated Signal Conditioning 824.3.1 Integrated Passive Elements 834.3.2 Integrated Active Elements 844.4 Digital Conversion 86
xUnderstanding Smart Sensors4.4.1 A/D Converters 874.4.2 Performance of A/D Converters 894.4.3 Implications of A/D Accuracy and Errors 904.5 Summary 91References 915 Using MCUs/DSPs to Increase Sensor IQ 935.1 Introduction 935.1.1 Other IC Technologies 935.1.2 Logic Requirements 945.2 MCU Control 955.3 MCUs for Sensor Interface 965.3.1 Peripherals 965.3.2 Memory 975.3.3 Input/Output 985.3.4 Onboard A/D Conversion 995.3.5 Power-Saving Capability 1015.3.6 Local Voltage or Current Regulation 1035.3.7 Modular MCU Design 1035.4 DSP Control 1045.4.1 Algorithms Versus Lookup Tables 1065.5 Techniques and Systems Considerations 1075.5.1 Linearization 1085.5.2 PWM Control 1085.5.3 Autozero and Autorange 1095.5.4 Diagnostics 1115.5.5 Reducing Electromagnetic Compatibility andRadio Frequency Interference 1115.5.6 Indirect (Computed, Not Sensed) Versus DirectSensing 1125.6 Software, Tools, and Support 1125.7 Sensor Integration 113
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Page 8 and 9: ContentsPrefacexix1 Smart Sensor Ba
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46 Understanding Smart Sensors[21]
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The Nature of Semiconductor Sensor
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4Getting Sensor Information Into th
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5Using MCUs/DSPs to Increase Sensor
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Using MCUs/DSPs to Increase Sensor
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6Communications for Smart SensorsBe
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7Control TechniquesA machine is int
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Control Techniques 151Table 7.1Type
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Control Techniques 153otherwise tak
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Control Techniques 155consisting of
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Control Techniques 157Supplied byap
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Control Techniques 159InputX1Synaps
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Control Techniques 1617.6 Adaptive
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Control Techniques 163ObserverHB−
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Control Techniques 165linear-vector
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Control Techniques 1677.7.2 Combine
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Control Techniques 169Domain-type s
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Control Techniques 171[19] De Silva
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8Transceivers, Transponders, andTel
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Transceivers, Transponders, and Tel
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9MEMS Beyond Sensors“And these ot
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 203would not ex
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 205PyrexSilicon
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 207(a)IFluxIIMa
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 209InletThermop
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 211Figure 9.8 A
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 2139.3.2 Microo
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 215Over-range p
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 217+ 10°− 10
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 219achieved wit
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 221Methods for
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 223Figure 9.19
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MEMS Beyond Sensors 225[21] Tortone
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10Packaging, Testing, and Reliabili
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Packaging, Testing, and Reliability
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11Mechatronics and Sensing SystemsP
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12Standards for Smart SensingThe la
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Standards for Smart Sensing 275Netw
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Standards for Smart Sensing 277NCAP
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Standards for Smart Sensing 281PID
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Standards for Smart Sensing 283•
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Standards for Smart Sensing 287Tabl
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Standards for Smart Sensing 289perf
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Standards for Smart Sensing 2911 0
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Standards for Smart Sensing 293obje
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Standards for Smart Sensing 295Mult
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13The Implications of Smart SensorS
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The Implications of Smart Sensor St
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14The Next Phase of Sensing Systems
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The Next Phase of Sensing Systems 3
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations3
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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Glossaryablationvaporization of mat
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Glossary 353buscalibrationconnectio
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Glossary 355end point straight line
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Glossary 357data transmission and p
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Glossary 359multiplexer device that
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Glossary 361repeatability the maxim
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Glossary 363spread spectrum techniq
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Glossary 365transducer a device con
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Selected BibliographyBooks and Jour
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Selected Bibliography 369Northeaste
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Selected Bibliography 371Miscellane
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About the AuthorRandy Frank is a te
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Index4-to 20-mA signal transmitter,
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Index 377definitions, 119-20introdu
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Index 379HVAC, 318-19MCU with integ
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Index 381Linearization, 108Linear p
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Index 383in chemical measurements,
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Index 385Ratiometricity, 56Reactive
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Index 387IC fabrication, 19micromec
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Index 389Transducer-independent int
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