Family Assessment in Child Welfare - Center for Social Services ...

Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI). The CAPI is also designed to identify parentswho are most likely to be at risk for child abuse by assessing problematic parenting practices andsocial interaction, and was developed as a tool specifically for child protective services workersin their investigations of reported child abuse cases. While the CAPI was originally designed asa preliminary screening tool to discriminate between abusive and non-abusive parents,treatment/intervention programs have successfully used the CAPI at pre- and post-treatment toassess progress and clinical change (Milner, 1994). It is a self-administered 160-itemquestionnaire that assesses six primary clinical factors: (1) distress, (2) rigidity, (3) unhappiness,(4) problems with child and self, (5) problems with family, and (6) problems with others.Additionally, the instrument includes three validity subscales that help mitigate potential selfreportbias. Other advantages of the CAPI include a brief administration time of approximatelytwenty minutes and a third-grade reading level requirement that permits its suitability for usewith parents with limited literacy proficiency. Similar to the AAPI, the CAPI has undergonesubstantial psychometric evaluations and has demonstrated significant discriminative validity,high internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities (Heinze & Grisso, 1996).Parental Empathy Measure (PEM). The PEM is a promising instrument for screeningfor abusive or neglecting parenting behaviors/practices. It is a semi-structured interview withopen-ended questions assessing parental attention to signals, attributes, emotional/behavioralresponses to, and perceptions of their children. In addition to these parenting practices andbehaviors, the PEM includes items addressing past involvement with child protective services.One of the strongest features of this instrument is the comprehensiveness of its psychometricevaluation; reliability and validity tests indicate that the PEM has good sensitivity for identifyingabusive parents, good inter-rater reliability, high internal consistency, and high constructreliability when measured against the CAPI. Furthermore, the PEM also includes a measure ofsocial desirability that was found to be effective in detecting biased responses. However, thePEM lacks the advantage of administrative brevity exhibited by the previous measures; forexample, the PEM contains open-ended items and general administration time cannot beestimated because it depends on specific case characteristics (Kilpatrick, 2005).Parenting Stress Index (PSI). The PSI also screens for abusive or neglecting parentingbehaviors/practices, and assesses social interaction characteristics that may affect the quality offamily functioning. The current version of the PSI contains 101 self-report items assessing the19