transitional justice institute - Research - University of Ulster

TRANSITIONAL JUSTICERESEARCH INSTITUTEANNUAL REPORT1 AUGUST 2005 - 31 JULY 2006

TRANSITIONAL JUSTICEINSTITUTEANNUAL REPORT1 August 2005 – 31 July 2006

TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE INSTITUTEANNUAL REPORT(1 AUGUST 2005 - 31 JULY 2006)CONTENTSPage No1. Foreword by the Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation) 32. Foreword by the Research Institute Director 43. About the TJI 74. Thematic Research Areas 94.1 Confl ict and Law 94.2 Transformation of political participation and institutions 104.3 Transformation of legal institutions 114.4 Dealing with the past 124.5 Gender, conflict and transition 135. Research Institute Members 145.1 Core Staff Members 145.2 Associate Researchers 255.3 Doctoral Students 286. LLM in Human Rights Law 297. TJI Conferences and Events 317.1 TJI Conferences 317.2 Other TJI Events 327.3 TJI Seminar Series 348. Visiting Fellows to TJI 369. Internship Programme 3810. TJI External Board 3911. Research Funding 41Annex 1: Publications 42Annex II: TJI Strategic Plan 2006-2008 52

1. FOREWORD BY THE PRO-VICE CHANCELLOR(RESEARCH AND INNOVATION)‘Excellence, Innovation and Regional Engagement.’Thisis the phrase that summarizes the objectives ofthe University of Ulster and was derived throughinstitution-wide consultation in the past academicyear. All three parts are highly relevant to researchand the Transitional Justice Institute (TJI) embodiesboth excellence, innovation and not just regional, butinternational, engagement. The TJI has been selectedas part of the University’s specifi c core objective to‘undertake excellent research in selected areas ofactivity’, in a University where research is, and willcontinue to be, a highly prized activity.The TJI is one of a number of Research Institutes. It was established on the footof the externally funded Support Programme for University Research, so as tobuild on strengths of existing law research and take it onto a new level. Withthe Research Institute model being rolled out across the University, the researchresources of the University are increasingly focussed on meeting the ongoingresearch needs of the needs of the TJI. Additionally mechanisms have been putin place across all Institutes to ensure the targeted support of colleagues atearlier stages in research careers who have the potential to emerge as signifi cantresearchers in their own right. Our Research Institutes will be supported toachieve longevity and establish a reputation amongst external peers, researchfunders and research users. The TJI has in a short space of time established astrong reputation as an international Institute.This fi rst Annual Report documents a signifi cant body of work at the cutting edgeof legal research, much of which is internationally signifi cant. As a reader, you maybe a member of another research institution, perhaps seeking to collaboratewith UU, or perhaps you are a graduate, or soon-to-be graduate, consideringpostgraduate research as a starting-point in your career, or perhaps you areinvolved in the private sector. You may even have been responsible for fundingsome of the research, or you are seeking solutions or expertise to solve a problem.Whatever your perspective, I hope that the material contained in this AnnualReport will be useful and informative. The precise work underway in an institutemay change with time, as will the Institute’s membership, and annual reports willbe one mechanism through which this evolution will be tracked. I commend eachcolleague whose achievements are documented in this report for the excellence ofher/his work and I assure every reader of the University’s continuing commitmentto supporting the achievement of excellence in research.Professor Bernie HanniganPro-Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation)3

2. FOREWORD BY THERESEARCH INSTITUTE DIRECTORLaunch of the TJI, June 2005Prof F. Ní Aoláin, Justice Albie Sachs, Prof. C. Bell & Prof. C. CampbellI am very proud to present this year’s Annual report, which in my view refl ectsthe importance of the Transitional Justice Institute’s research agenda, in aworld in which confl ict is prevalent, and exits from confl ict diffi cult to fi nd andimplement. The report paints a picture of a young organisation that is rapidlydeveloping an ambitious programme of research, publications, events and teachingprogrammes.Academic and Policy InterventionsThe TJI was launched in late June of 2005, heralding the start of a busy period.As this report indicates, TJI research continued to make an impact, appearing inkey journals and monographs where it helped to set debates particularly in theareas of human rights and peace-building, minority rights, and approaches to thewar on terror. TJI publications can be accessed directly from the TJI’s new website(see below).In addition, the TJI continued its praxis mission in particular through Phil Clark’swork for the International Criminal Court, Jérémie Gilbert’s work on indigenouspeoples, and through informal advice to a range of local politicians and policymakers on matters such as ‘dealing with the past’, and ‘on the runs’, and throughmy own work on Human Rights and Peace Agreements with the InternationalCouncil on Human Rights Policy.This last report was launched at a major seminar hosted by the Norwegian andSwiss governments, on the occasion of a State visit by the King of Norway toSwitzerland. The seminar was addressed by a wide range of international expertson transitional justice, refugees and displaced persons, and gender. It was alsoaddressed by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Louise Arbour who inher presentation recognised the quality of the research done and that the reporthas ‘been welcomed and acclaimed as a very important study with compellingrecommendations.’4

Louise Arbour, the High Commissioner for Human Rights and ProfessorChristine Bell for the launch of the report.New LL.M.The LL.M. programme was also launched, and recruited top level practitioners andlaw students from a range of countries. The programme has a particular focus ontransitional justice issues, and the law relating to confl ict and confl ict resolution.It is an internationally distinctive programme in this respect. These students arenow due to graduate in the fi rst LL.M. in Human Rights graduations in December2006. Feedback from the first cohort of students has been very favourable.An internship for two LL.M. students at the Northern Ireland Human RightsCommission was also established, and other students obtained internationalinternships and attended courses over the summer.EventsThis report details the lively calendar of events of the TJI. These have included aSeminar Series, and two major conferences, one held in Belfast on socio-economicrights, and the other held jointly with University of Minnesota Law School,Minnesota Center for Legal Studies, and the Minnesota Journal of InternationalLaw on the ‘War on Terror’. Both conferences had a strong inter-disciplinaryapproach.Papers from the ‘War on Terror’ Conference will be published in the Spring issueof the Minnesota Journal of International Law.New Website and NewsletterThe TJI also worked this year to develop its website, and a newsletter which willappear regularly to update our friends and colleagues on our work. The fi rstnewsletter was circulated in the summer, and the website can be accessed atwww.transitionaljustice.ulster.ac.uk.Staff changesDuring the year we were lucky enough to make a few new appointments. RCUKResearch Fellows Niamh Reilly, Phil Clark, Kirk Simpson and Elvira Dominguez-Redondo, all joined the TJI. In addition Professor David Kretzmer joined the TJI asa Professor in the School of Law, University of Ulster. Professor Joshua Castellinofrom the Irish Centre of Human Rights, National University of Ireland, Galway, willalso join the TJI and the School of Law in January 2007. We were also joined byKatrina Reynolds as secretary.5

We were also sorry to say good-bye to Edwin Abuya, and later in the year willalso lose Clare Dwyer. Both made an important contribution to the developmentof the TJI.ThanksFinally, I would like to acknowledge the on-going support of our External Board,Professor Bill Bowring, Professor Christopher McCrudden, Professor HenrySteiner, and Professor Ruti Teitel. I would also like to personally acknowledge theunstinting work and support of our administrator Lisa Gormley, and also of myfellow directors, Colm Campbell and Fionnuala Ní Aolaín.Christine BellTransitional Justice Institute, 200666

3. ABOUT THE TJIThe Transitional Justice Institute is an internationally recognised institute dedicated to examining how law and legalinstitutions assist (or not) the move from confl ict to peace. A central assumption of the research agenda of the TJIis that the role of law in situations of transition is different from that in other times. In contrast to commonly heldunderstandings of the law as underpinning order, stability and community, the role of law in transitional situations is a lessunderstood role of assisting in the transition from a situation of confl ict to one of ‘peace’ (perhaps better understoodas non-violent conflict).The Institute has established authoritative analyses of rapidly developing legal controversies in Northern Ireland for thebenefi t of a global audience. It also brings comparative experiences and international infl uences into the Northern Irishdebate. TJI espouses an ‘active research’ model, wherein engagement with institutions, policy-makers and communities(internationally and locally) generates research, and research generates engagement.The aims of the Institute are:➢ To build a theoretical and practical understanding of the role of ‘transitional justice’, and the underlying relationshipbetween justice and peace;➢ To examine the role of the international and domestic legal systems and institutions in facilitating transition fromconfl ict;➢ To make links between the experience of Northern Ireland and international experience, so as to benefi t bothNorthern Ireland and other contexts;➢ To inform policy makers involved in peacemaking in local and international institutions; and➢ To make visible and critically examine gendered experiences of transition.The TJI community of researchers is housed in restored 19th century buildings on two campuses – Dalriada House, atJordanstown and No. 8 College Avenue at Magee. It attracts international scholars and policy makers from all over theworld. The TJI has played a key role in taking legal research in Northern Ireland to the centre of international stages. Assuch it constitutes an important resource for LL.M students and PhD researchers. The TJI is affi liated to the Associationof Human Rights Institutes.MethodologiesTJI research utilizes three broad research methodologies across its thematic areas:➢ Theorizing key concepts: TJI engages in ‘mid-level’ theorizing of transitional justice and related concepts such asdemocracy and human rights toward identifying practical responses to contemporary problems in transitionalcontexts.➢ Socio-legal research: TJI research draws on range of social-science methodologies and epistemological debates toexamine aspects of its research agenda.➢ Doctrinal research: TJI engages in research on core areas of doctrinal law such as refugee, human rights, andhumanitarian law and fosters the application of new thinking in these areas to debates in transitional justice.During the last year, the Transitional Justice Institute has continued to build this research agenda in publications, andexpert seminars, and interventions into situations of conflict, as set out in below.7

ManagementThe Institute is led by a Directorate (a Director and two Associate Directors), comprising Professor Christine Bell,Professor Colm Campbell and Professor Fionnuala Ní Aoláin. The TJI is managed by the Directorate of Professors, aCoordinating Committee and a central University Management Board.In addition, academic staff of the TJI have specifi c administrative roles: Dr Niamh Reilly is the LLM Co-ordinator, DrMichael Hamilton is the Assistant LLM Co-ordinator at Jordanstown, Dr Kirk Simpson is the PhD Co-ordinator, DrPhil Clark is the Assistant Research Co-ordinator and Dr Jérémie Gilbert is the Communications and Publicity Coordinator.8

4. THEMATIC RESEARCH AREASThe TJI research agenda is focused on understanding the role that law plays in transitional situations, when societiesattempt to move from a period of violent confl ict or oppression towards peace, democracy, the rule of law, and respectfor human rights. TJI pursues its research agenda through theoretical and empirical work that seeks to transform anddevelop the theory and practice of transitional justice. The research is developed through theoretical interrogation ofconcepts such as transitional justice and the rule of law. This perspective underpins the development of fi ve thematicareas of research undertaken by TJI staff discussed in the following sections:4.1 Conflict and LawTransitional Justice is primarily concerned with facilitating movement from confl ict to peace. Increasingly, however, bothconfl ict and processes of resolution are being understood as fl uid with dynamics that change over time. Consequentlyprocesses of confl ict prevention, peace-making and peace-building are now recognized as closely related (See Report ofthe Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Confl ict and Post-Conflict Societies from August2004). TJI aims to make a focused contribution to these broader debates by exploring two converse assertions. First, thatgreater understanding and acknowledgement of the relationship between law and the causes of confl ict are necessarynot just to transition, but also to preventing earlier confl ict escalation. In particular, TJI seeks to undertake a criticalappraisal of the role of law in the management, maintenance and end of confl ict. The second assertion is that ‘transitionalmechanisms’ exhibited in societies emerging from protracted confl icts can have a constructive role if promoted whenconfl ict is at a nascent stage.Accordingly, TJI research in this area provides detailed analyses of how legal responses aimed at a military containmentof confl ict can operate to escalate confl ict. Such responses can undercut (often concurrent) legal measures aimedat eliminating the political causes of confl ict. This strand of TJI work has both a doctrinal (or technical-legal) and asocio-legal focus. In particular, it addresses the lack of consensus on applicable legal norms – a lack of consensusthat had particular signifi cance in Northern Ireland. This lack of consensus, on when the legal criteria establishing theexistence of an internal armed confl ict have been satisfied, is compounded by the lack of sanction for human rights andhumanitarian violations which typically take place during such confl icts. Moreover, post-September 11th, TJI researcharound this theme increasingly addresses global-level tensions between military and political responses to conflict.Aims of TJI research in this area• Provide authoritative legal analyses of the theoretical underpinnings and operation of international humanitarian andhuman rights law with respect to conflict• Review the role of emergency law in the management, perpetuation and end of confl ict, drawing on the local situationin Northern Ireland and extrapolating to other situations around the world• Explain patterns of confl ict escalation, transformation and resolution, with reference to the recent phenomena ofnegotiated agreements with human rights components• Analyse the legal status and nature of peace agreementsIndicative projects• The ‘war on terror’ and the rule of law (Christine Bell, Colm Campbell, Shane Darcy, Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, ItaConnolly)• The role of law in the nexus between state repression and violent challenges (Colm Campbell)• Developments in the relationship between international human rights law and humanitarian law in post-conflictsituations (Fionnuala Ní Aoláin)• Local and comparative analyses of emergency law and political violence in transitions (Colm Campbell, Fionnuala NíAoláin, Ita Connolly)• International law and the protection of children in armed conflict (Sorcha McKenna)Indicative Publications• Ní Aoláin, Fionnuala, Law in Times of Crisis - Emergency Powers in the Theoretical and Comparative Perspective.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.• Campbell, Colm & Connolly, Ita, “Making War on Terror? Global Lessons from Northern Ireland” (2006) 69(6) MLR935-957• Campbell, Colm, “’Wars on Terror’ and Vicarious Hegemons.” 54 International and Comparative Law Quarterly(2005): 3219

4.2 Transformation of political participation and institutionsTypically peace agreements involve compromises over access to power, government and/or territory. Northern Irelandwith its power-sharing model for government and the cross-border dimension of the Belfast Agreement provides a goodexample of an attempt to accommodate competing nationalisms through innovative constitutional arrangements. Therange of policy options devised by negotiators is increasingly underwritten by international law in attempts to respondto demands for external self-determination (for example, independence) by providing internal self-determination (forexample, effective minority participation in decision-making through autonomy or consociationalism). Although it istoo early to talk of a legal right to this broad concept of ‘international self-determination’, the notion fi nds support inproliferating international instruments on minority rights.There is, however, another perspective from which to evaluate the political arrangements which emerge as a result ofpeace processes. The confl ict settings that peace agreements address tend to be characterized by grassroots mobilizationin the form of a vibrant civil society, often with transnational links. The roles that civil society organizations play duringviolent confl ict mutate and continue into peace processes. Importantly, this is frequently refl ected in specifi c provisions inpeace agreements underpinning civil society involvement in peace processes and beyond. Recognizing the importance ofthese developments, TJI research seeks to advance the re-conceptualization of core notions of ‘democracy’, ‘citizenship’and ‘political participation’, and the relationship between formal political institutions and civil society. Among otherthings, these developments are particularly relevant to understanding women’s participation in transitional contexts – atopic that forms a major strand of our work on Gender, confl ict and transition.Aims of TJI research in this area• Develop socio-legal analyses of Peace Agreements as a specialist subfield in transitional justice• Examine and evaluate the directions of international law relating to minority rights, democratic participation, andequality with particular reference to peace agreements• Interrogate theoretically the relationship of group rights to individual rights, in particular that of equality• Examine and evaluate the extent to which ‘democratic participation’ requires new concepts of ‘participatorydemocracy’ as an alternative to representative democracy• Consider the relationship of peacemaking vis-à-vis ethnic-nationalist divisions in comparison to other divisions, forexample, those based on gender or class• Provide analyses of the Northern Irish approach to dealing with difference across a range of political and legalinstitutions.Indicative ProjectsMinorities and self determination• Equality and socio-economic rights: Theoretical and comparative analyses (Anne Smith, Thomas Bundschuh)• Constitutionalizing equality: A comparative study (Anne Smith)• Critical perspectives on political accommodation, minority and indigenous peoples’ rights, and self-determination(Jérémie Gilbert, Khanyisela Moyo, Catherine Turner)• Constitutionalism and consociationalism: The case of Fiji (Venkat Iyer)Political participation• Transitions from conflict and participatory democracy (Christine Bell, Catherine O’Rourke)• Civil society engagement in bills of rights drafting processes (Anne Smith)• Women’s movements, civil society and peace agreements (Catherine O’Rourke)• Global civil society: international law and organizations as sites of local-global advocacy (Niamh Reilly)• Habermasian communicative ethics and conflict resolution in Northern Ireland (Kirk Simpson)• Political leadership in the Northern Ireland peace process (Cathy Gormley-Heenan)Indicative Publications• Bell, Christine, Peace Agreements and Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.• Domínguez, Elvira, Minority Rights in Asia: A Comparative Legal Analysis Oxford: Oxford University Press (2006)(co-author with Joshua Castellino)• Gilbert, Jérémie, Indigenous Peoples’ Land Rights under International Law: From Victims to Actors (TransnationalPublishers-Martinus Nijhoff, 2006).• Bell, Christine, “Human Rights Nongovernmental Organisations and the Problems of Transition.” 26 Human RightsQuarterly (2004): 331 (co-author with J Keenan)10

4.3 Transformation of legal institutionsTypically, justice claims lie at the heart of confl ict and must be addressed in negotiating an end to confl ict. This implicateslegal institutions. Different communities within a jurisdiction may have differing degrees of confi dence in legal institutionsand processes. There may be confl icting views over the extent to which legal institutions have been complicit in themaintenance and management of the confl ict, and confl icting views about the necessity and capability of reform (e.g.policing institutions).Peace agreements frequently include legal and other institutional reforms which aim to address these confl icts. However,peace agreements typically set out broad frameworks that leave institutional change to the implementation phase.This means that institutional reform tends to occur outside of formal negotiating processes and on a piecemeal basis.Experience in Northern Ireland and elsewhere has demonstrated that when this occurs unresolved and outstandingissues from the negotiation process become intertwined in the process of institutional reform. Institutional reformsoften address, to different degrees:• Overarching justiciable rights (e.g. through bills of rights) including civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights(and/or policy alternatives)• Constitutional or human rights courts and issues of judicial independence• National human rights enforcement institutions (e.g. human rights commissions)• Rights-based reform of the criminal justice system• Rights-based reform of policingAims of TJI research in this area• Consider ‘best practice’ with regard to institutions using international comparative experience• Examine institutional transformation in Northern Ireland in comparative context• Provide specifi c policy oriented research relevant to institutional development in Northern IrelandIndicative projects• The legal regulation of public protest (Michael Hamilton)• National human rights institutions in transitions (Anne Smith)• Policing and transition (Mary O’Rawe)• The relationship between customary and national legal systems (Jérémie Gilbert)• Legal remedies in the African human rights system (Gina Bekker)• Land rights in agreements between states and indigenous peoples (Jérémie Gilbert)• Equality and socio-economic rights: theoretical and comparative analyses (Anne Smith, Thomas Bundschuh)• Women and the implementation of the Good Friday / Belfast AgreementIndicative Publications• Kretzmer, David, The Occupation of Justice: The Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories SUNY Press(2002).• O’Rawe, Mary, “Human Rights and Police Training in Transitional Societies: Exporting the Lessons from NorthernIreland.” 27(3) Human Rights Quarterly (2005).• Hamilton, Michael, “Freedom of Assembly, Consequential Harms and the Rule of Law: Liberty Limiting Principles inthe Context of Transition.” 27(2) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies (2006).• Smith, Anne, “The Unique Position of National Human Rights Institutions: A Mixed Blessing?” Human Rights Quarterly(2006).11

4.4 Dealing with the pastSuccessful transitions in recent years have almost invariably been characterized by attempts to engage with the past.Conversely, experience warns that failure to address the past adequately may hinder prospects for a successful transition.Dealing with the past may be viewed as comprising two aspects: (1) Undoing the Past, typically by attempting to ‘undo’the displacement of people and dispossession of land which occurred before and during the confl ict; and (2) Accountingfor the Past, for instance through the use of truth commissions and domestic or international courts and tribunals.Attempts at devising legal mechanisms for dealing with the past challenge accepted notions of the role of prosecution, trialand punishment. International law increasingly articulates a seemingly infl exible demand for trials for those responsiblefor major violations. Yet paradoxically, peace-making, reconciliation and truth-telling may be facilitated by a measureof immunity from prosecution, and prisoner-releases have been a feature of most confl ict-resolution processes. Truthcommissions, with their novel approaches to accountability, may offer a way to square this circle, even if a degreeof confl ict with legal norms is involved. Yet such mechanisms cannot be said to represent an escape from law, sincesuccessful truth commissions almost invariably require a legal mandate. Others champion individual criminal trials asroutes to truth and reconciliation. Yet others (however critically) point to alternative ‘weeding out’ (or lustration)mechanisms, whereby those involved in past violations are prevented by administrative or quasi-judicial means frompublic participation in new institutions.TJI research aims to offer a critique of existing mechanisms (both theoretical and practical) with policy suggestions fordomestic and international audiences. The Institute aims to make a direct contribution to ideas of ‘truth-telling’ throughspecifi c projects that examine the legal framework governing key events in the confl ict and the transition in NorthernIreland. These use socio-legal and archive-based methodologies, and explore the relationship between the confl ict andthe domestic legal framework that governs it.Aims of TJI research in this area• Provide analyses of the relevant legal standards• Examine the utility of traditional theories of prosecution and punishment, such as deterrence, with regard totransitional justice mechanisms• Explore dilemmas of how to account for the past in the Northern Ireland context, in light of the demands ofreconciliation and the needs of victims, with a focus on examining the appropriateness of legal mechanisms for dealingwith the legacy of violations by state and non-state actors (paramilitary groups)• Draw lessons from the experience of Northern Ireland for other transitional situationsIndicative projects• Dealing with the past in Northern Ireland (Christine Bell, Kirk Simpson, Bill Rolston)• Policing and the past in Northern Ireland (Mary O’Rawe)• The Bloody Sunday Tribunal (Angela Hegarty)• Victim-hood, memory, political violence and notions of transitional justice (Kirk Simpson)• The release and resettlement of paramilitary prisoners in Northern Ireland (Clare Dwyer, Grainne McKeever,Bill Rolston)• Imputed criminal liability and the goals of international justice (Shane Darcy)• Truth and reconciliation in transitions in Africa (Edwin Abuya, Eugene McNamee)• Transition in postcolonial societies (Khanyisela Moyo)• Socio-economic rights in transitional justice (Thomas Bundschuh)• Indigenous Peoples and Land Restitution (Jérémie Gilbert)Indicative Publications• Clark, Phil, Rebuilding after Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post Confl ict Reconstruction and Reconciliation in Rwanda,2006 (forthcoming) (co-editor with Z Kaufman).• Darcy, Shane, Truth Commission and Courts: The Tension between Criminal Prosecutions and the Search for Truth.The Hague: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2005. (co-editor with W Schabas)• Bell, Christine, “Dealing with the Past in Northern Ireland.” 26 Fordham International Law Journal (2003): 1095.12

4.5 Gender, conflict and transitionIn recent years, the growing visibility of sexual violence against women as a primary feature of confl icts has promptednew research and analyses, which have brought attention to war and confl ict as profoundly gendered phenomena.Women experience confl ict as direct casualties (particularly where civilians are targeted in confl icts within states), ascombatants, as refugees, and as targets of wartime sexual violence and domestic violence. As primary carers in mostsocieties, women also bear a particular burden during confl icts, through losing family members, coping with loss of work,and sustaining community and social structures. In particular, feminist scholarship has advanced understanding of thegendered interplay of nationalism, racism and violence against women in conflict situations.In contrast, however, the role and gendered experiences of women in transitions have received less attention. The peaceprocesses that produce transitional mechanisms are almost exclusively male – indeed the term ‘peace process’ is oftenonly applied when political and military elites (mostly men) come to the table to negotiate, even though ‘track two’ civilsociety attempts to resolve confl ict (usually involving women) are typically on-going (See Peace Agreements as a Meansfor Promoting Gender Equality and Ensuring Participation of Women).More generally, feminist scholars have documented women’s extensive engagement in peace initiatives, and in nationalliberation and democracy struggles, followed by their subsequent marginalization. Further, while feminist advocates havesuccessfully sought the inclusion of women and gender-based violations in various peace agreements and transitionaljustice mechanisms, such as tribunals and truth commissions, they simultaneously remain ambivalent about the capacityof traditional legal and political institutions to deliver gender justice and equality. Furthermore, feminist legal and politicaltheory has provided well-documented critiques of the public/private divide, the limits of the law and liberal democracyin providing equality for women, and the diffi culties of feminist theorization of the state, which are all directly relevantto the study of transitional justice.Aims of TJI Research in this area:• Critically examine the role of law and legal institutions in addressing gender-based violations in confl ict situations,including sexual violence and other forms of violence against women.• Provide analyses of the gendered dimensions of legal and political institutions and processes in transitions.• Document and develop analyses of women’s political participation and feminist politics in transitions• Bring wider feminist analyses of international human rights and humanitarian law and political theory to bear onquestions of transitional justiceIndicative Projects• Gender, law, conflict and transition (Christine Bell, Catherine O’Rourke, Fionnuala Ní Aolaín, Catherine Turner)• Feminist political and legal theory: rethinking democracy, equality and human rights (Christine Bell, CatherineO’Rourke, Niamh Reilly, Eilish Rooney)• Women’s movements, civil society and peace agreements (Catherine O’Rourke)• Female sexual slavery, traffi cking legislation, and international law (Adrienne Reilly)• Transnational feminist advocacy and women’s human rights (Niamh Reilly)• Women and the implementation of the Good Friday AgreementIndicative Publications• Reilly, Niamh, Women’s Human Rights: Seeking Gender Justice in a Globalising Age. London: Polity Press, 2007• Ní Aolain, Fionnuala, “Political Violence and Gender in Times of Transition” Columbia Journal of Gender and the Law(2006)• Reilly, Adrienne, “Slavery Legislation Vs Traffi cking Legislation in Prosecuting the Crime of Female Sexual Slavery: TheInternational Law Perspective.” In Traffi cking and Women’s Rights, edited by C Van Den Anker and J Doomernik:Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.In addition, TJI has a number of special projects that cut across the Institute’s research themes. Currently, these include:Law and the ‘war on terror’; Peace agreements and Women and the Implementation of the Good Friday/Belfast Agreement.More information is available on our website.13

5. RESEARCH INSTITUTE MEMBERS5.1 CORE STAFF MEMBERSEDWIN ABUYAEdwin is a lecturer in Human Rights and International Law at the Transitional Justice Institute. Educated in Kenya,South Africa and Australia, he completed a doctoral (SJD) thesis in international human rights and refugee law atThe University of Sydney. The thesis argued that in order to meet the plight facing victims of forced migration,African states must look for directions and perspectives from within, rather than outside. Emphasis needs to beplaced on locally engineered answers, not ideas from the West. To this end, their objective can be seen as two-fold.States must aim at designing an asylum protection scheme that pragmatically considers refugee fl ows from theirneighbouring countries. They must also consider their ability to police their boundaries. This approach must atthe same time take cognisance of international standards governing the humanitarian treatment of refugees andasylum seekers. It is also important that efforts be made to address the causes of migration, not merely its tragicaftermath. He has also obtained degrees in Law from the Universities of Cape Town (LLM) and Nairobi (LLB). Hehas previously taught law in Kenya and in Australia. Edwin has also practiced law for several years in Kenya.Edwin’s research interests lie in the areas of legal research, international asylum, legal theory, humanitarianand immigration laws as well as transitional justice, generally speaking. He has published a number of articlesand delivered conference papers on these themes. He is willing to supervise those who intend to undertakeresearch in these areas. His active research projects include: Abandoning the Past? Truth, Justice and ReconciliationCommission for Kenya: Challenges and Prospects and Strengthening International Asylum: The Convention AgainstTorture as a Tool for Protecting Forced Migrants.CHRISTINE BELLChristine was born and brought up in Belfast. She is currently Director of the TransitionalJustice Institute, and Professor of Public International Law at University of Ulster (based atMagee Campus). She read law at Selwyn College, Cambridge, (1988) and gained an LL.Min Law from Harvard Law School (1990), supported by a Harkness Fellowship. In 1990 shequalifi ed as a Barrister at law. She subsequently qualifi ed as an Attorney-at-law in New York,practicing for a period at Debevoise & Plimpton, NY. From 1997-9 she was Director of theCentre for International and Comparative Human Rights Law, Queen’s University of Belfast.She has been active in non-governmental organizations, and was chairperson of Belfast-basedHuman Rights organization, the Committee on the Administration of Justice from 1995-7, and a founder memberof the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission established under the terms of the Belfast Agreement. In1999 she was a member of the European Commission’s Committee of Experts on Fundamental Rights. She hasauthored the book Peace Agreements and Human Rights (Oxford University Press 2000), and a report publishedby the International Council on Human Rights Policy entitled Negotiating Justice? Human Rights and PeaceAgreements (2006). She has also taken part in various peace negotiations discussions, giving constitutional lawand human rights law advice, and also in training for diplomats, mediators and lawyers.Christine’s Research interests lie in the areas of transitional justice, peace agreements and international law, minorityrights, discrimination, and gender and law. She is currently working on projects in the following areas: Humanrights and confl ict resolution; Peace agreements and the force of law; Gender and transitional justice; Participatorydemocracy, civil society and transitions from confl ict; Constitutional blueprints for peace and reconciliation on anall-Ireland basis; and dealing with the past in Northern Ireland.14

COLM CAMPBELLColm is one of the founding directors of the TJI, currently serving as Associate Director. He is also Professor ofLaw, in the School of Law at UU. In recent years he has held Senior Research Fellowships from the British Academyand the Leverhulme Trust, and was elected Visiting Senior Research Fellow at Jesus College, Oxford in 2001-02.Prior to joining UU (2000), he served as Professor of law at the National University of Ireland, Galway (January1997 – December 1999), and as Director of the Human Rights Centre at Queen’s University Belfast. He has alsotaught at the University of Pisa on a visiting basis. Professor Campbell held the Civil Liberties Research Studentshipat QUB, completing his doctorate in 1989. He holds a BCL degree from the National University of Ireland (UCD),and is qualifi ed as a solicitor in Ireland. He combines a strong commitment to research in the fi eld of human rightsand international humanitarian law with a keen interest in human rights advocacy, locally and globally. A formerchairperson of CAJ (the Northern Ireland affi liate of the ICJ), he also co-authored one of the two human rightsreports produced for the Irish Government’s Forum for Peace and Reconciliation. Colm’s research is focused ontwo main projects: The Paradox of Transitions in a Liberal Democratic State and Making ‘Wars on Terror’? GlobalLessons from Northern Ireland.EMER CARLINEmer is the Secretary at the Transitional Justice Institute on the Magee campus. She has worked for TJI sinceNovember 2004 providing invaluable support to the staff and students associated with the Institute at Magee.Previously, she worked in Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Ulster and is currently on secondmentfrom that department to the TJI.PHIL CLARKPhil is Australian but was born in Khartoum, Sudan, and has lived half of his life in differentparts of Africa, mainly in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. In 2005, he received his DPhil in Politicsfrom Balliol College, Oxford University, where he studied as a Rhodes Scholar. His thesisexplored issues of post genocide justice and reconciliation in Rwanda, focusing on thegacaca community courts. His thesis research involved six months fi eldwork in Rwanda andelsewhere in the Great Lakes, where he interviewed around 100 genocide suspects andmore than 100 genocide survivors, community leaders and Rwandan government offi cialsregarding issues of justice and reconciliation. He is currently lead researcher and authorof a project on behalf of the International Criminal Court (ICC), funded by the Open Society Justice Initiative,exploring issues of the complementarity of the ICC investigations and prosecutions and national and communitylevel justice processes in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Uganda. The project is based on threemonths’ fi eldwork in the DRC and Uganda in early 2006. Phil is politics editor of the Oxonian Review of Books, afanatical sportsman and published poet.Phil’s research currently explores transitional justice issues in Africa, particularly in the Great Lakes region,focusing on community level, national and international processes of peace, justice, healing and reconciliation.His work explores the various complementarities and clashes of the gacaca courts, national courts and theInternational Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR); the mato oput cleansing rituals, the Amnesty Commission andthe International Criminal Court (ICC) (in the Ugandan case); and the barza village hearings, the military tribunals,the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the ICC (in the Congolese case). Phil also researches evolvingtransitional justice concepts, particularly the application of moral and political philosophy to transitional justice.15

ITA CONNOLLYIta is a Research Associate in the Transitional Justice Institute. She has a BA (Hons) inPolitics and an MSSc in Criminal Justice Management from Queen’s University, Belfast. Aftergraduating, she worked from 1998-2001 in the Linen Hall Library, Belfast, including time spentworking in the Northern Ireland Political Collection. She joined the University of Ulster in2001 when she was employed to work with Professor Colm Campbell on projects relatingto emergency powers and transitional justice. In September 2003 she was a Visiting Fellow atCornell Law School, participating in the Gender, Sexuality and Family project, and presented apaper while there. She assisted with the organisation of the ESRC funded Transitional JusticeSeminar Series, and co-presented a paper at the ‘Emergency and Anti-Terrorist Powers in Transition’ seminar. InMay 2004 she was a participant at the International Workshop, ‘Justice in Transition: Northern Ireland and Beyond’in Oñati, Spain. She also presented a paper jointly with Professor Campbell at the 33rd annual conference of theEuropean Group for the Study of Deviance and Social Control, held in Belfast in September 2005.Ita is currently working with Professor Campbell on two main projects: ‘Emergency Powers and Politically motivatedViolence: The Lessons of Northern Ireland’, and ‘Justice in Transition? The Case of Northern Ireland’. In addition tothese projects, her research interests lie in the fi eld of political violence, confl ict resolution and transitional justice.She is currently undertaking a PhD on the comparative politics of the United States and the United Kingdom inrelation to emergency and anti-terrorism legislation. She is also involved in ongoing TJI work on the War on Terrorand the ‘rule of law’.SHANE DARCYDr. Shane Darcy is a lecturer at the Transitional Justice Institute and School of Law at theUniversity of Ulster, based on the Magee campus. He holds a B.A. from the University ofLimerick (2001) and LL.M in international human rights law from the National University ofIreland, Galway (2002). He completed his Ph.D at the National University of Ireland, Galwayin 2005. Prior to joining the Institute, Shane was a doctoral fellow at the Irish Centre forHuman Rights in Galway. He was awarded the Irish Research Council for the Humanitiesand Social Sciences Post-Graduate Scholarship in 2004. In recent years, he has engagedin research and advocacy work for various non-governmental human rights organisationsincluding Al-Haq, the West Bank affi liate of the International Commission of Jurists, and Human Rights for Change,of which he is a founding member. Shane is Managing Editor of Criminal Law Forum, an international journalpublished by Springer.Shane’s main research interests lie in the fi elds of international humanitarian law, human rights, internationalcriminal law and transitional justice. He is particularly interested in the legal regulation of conduct during timesof war and states and emergency, and has previously written on the laws of occupation and the protection ofcivilian property, the lawfulness of belligerent reprisals and the protection of minorities during emergencies. Muchof Shane’s work is also concerned with accountability before international criminal tribunals and the interactionbetween criminal processes and truth seeking mechanisms. He is currently working on a book which explorescollective responsibility under international humanitarian law and international criminal law, and the evolution ofthe concept since the creation of these legal regimes. The book seeks to address also the compatibility of modesof imputed criminal liability with the goals of international criminal justice.16

ELVIRA DOMÍNGUEZ REDONDOElvira joined the Transitional Justice Institute as an RCUK Post Doctoral Fellow in September2006. She was awarded a PhD for her study of Special Procedures at the United Nations, atUniversidad Carlos III de Madrid (Spain) in 2004. She has extensive experience of teachingpublic international law and human rights law as an assistant professor at Universidad CarlosIII de Madrid (1997-2005) both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. She has participatedin training programmes in India, Malta, Spain, Syria, Mexico and China. More recently, shehas also taught modules in International Humanitarian Law, Reservation to Human RightsTreaties, and the European Convention of Human Rights at the Irish Centre for HumanRights, NUI Galway. She was awarded a Post- Doctoral fellowship by the Irish Research Council for Social Sciencesand the Humanities for research on a project that sought to examine the foundations of human rights law andthe acquired competencies of human rights bodies. She has worked as a consultant at the Offi ce of the HighCommissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, specifi cally working on the thematic mandate of torture. In 2002 and2003 she was Director of Academic Studies with responsibility for delivery of a month long postgraduate coursespecialising in International and European Human Rights Law at Universidad de Alcala de Henares (Madrid).Elvira’s research interests lie in public international law and human rights legal theory with particular focus onUN institutions. She is currently undertaking research on the UN process of reform concerning the creation ofthe UN Council of Human Rights and its refl ection in the work of the UN Peace-Building Commission. Specialattention is paid to the inter-linking of the new Universal Periodic Review mechanism of the UN Council ofHuman Rights with the work of the Peace- Building Commission in post-conflict situations. The legitimacy andlegal foundations of the work of several bodies of the UN dealing with the promotion and protection of humanrights is an underlying question explored throughout the research. In addition, Elvira is researching in the area ofthe resurgence of the debate surrounding the absolute prohibition of torture.CLARE DWYERClare Dwyer is a Lecturer at the Transitional Justice Institute, University of Ulster, Jordanstown(UUJ). She teaches in the areas of International Human Rights Law, International CriminalJustice & Law Enforcement and Criminal Law. Prior to taking up post with UUJ, Clare workedwithin the School of Law at Queen’s University Belfast (QUB) and was involved in a researchproject evaluating Children’s Rights in Northern Ireland. From 2002 – 2004, she workedas Projects Manager for Donnelly-Hall Ltd, a management and research consultancy whichwas engaged by the Department for International Development, World Bank and the UnitedNations, to provide technical assistance in the areas of legislation and criminal justice tocountries from the former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia. Clare has been involved in projects reviewingand updating legislation in Kosovo and the Safety, Security and Access to Justice Programme (SSAJP) which aimedat improving safety, security and access to justice in order to prevent violent confl ict in Bosnia & Herzegovina,Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia & Montenegro. From 2000 – 2002 Clare worked as a part-time tutor at theSchool of Law and worked on a number of research projects based in the Institute of Criminology and CriminalJustice at QUB. Clare is currently writing up her doctorate at the School of Law, Queen’s University Belfast.Clare’s main research is in the areas of Paramilitary ex-Prisoners, Prisons, Transitional Justice. Her doctorial thesisexamines the release and resettlement of paramilitary prisoners in Northern Ireland. Through her research sheexplores the experiences of ex prisoners and the role they have in a transitional society. Her research seeks touncover the importance of ‘self help’ organisations and to critique the role they play in the resettlement process.The research draws on issues both republican and loyalist ex prisoners encounter in a post confl ict society, namelybarriers to resettlement, dealing with the past and the issue of truth and their role in the wider community. Sheis also interested in the area of Children’s Rights. She worked on a major research project at Queens UniversityBelfast which explored children’s rights in Northern Ireland. This project addressed the implementation of the UNConvention’s general principles i.e. non-discrimination, best interests of the child and the child’s right to be heard.It examined specifi c issues/fields of activity which were being ignored or underplayed in terms of legal provisions,policy and practice. She is a member of the Committee on the Administration of Justice, the British Society ofCriminology, Amnesty International, Socio-Legal Studies Association and Howard League for Penal Reform.17

JÉRÉMIE GILBERTJérémie joined the Transitional Justice Institute as a Lecturer in February 2005. Prior to this hewas a teaching fellow at the European Masters in Human Rights and Democratization (Venice)and a guest lecturer at the Centre for the Study of Global Ethics (University of Birmingham).He worked for different NGOs such as the South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centrein India and Greenpeace in both France and Canada. He holds a PhD in international humanrights law, an LLM from the Irish Centre for Human Rights (Galway) and, a Maitrise en DroitInternational Public from the Université du Québec in Montreal and Université Paris X(Nanterre). He is a member of Minority Rights Group International’s Advisory Board on theLegal Cases Programme, and regularly collaborates with Survival International. He is a founding member of Galwaybased human rights group Human Rights for Change. He is a frequent contributor to the minority rights summercourse at the Irish Centre for Human Rights in Galway and regularly teaches on the European Masters in HumanRights and Democratization in Venice.Jérémie’s research focuses on indigenous peoples and minority rights. He has published a monograph and variousbook chapters and articles on indigenous peoples’ land rights. His particular area of interest is on indigenouspeoples’ land rights under international law, particularly looking at the role of human rights law in territorialnegotiations between states and indigenous peoples. As part of his research he has attended several UN meetingson the issue of indigenous peoples’ land rights. His current work focuses on the protection of nomadic peoplesunder international law, the role of human rights law in dealing with past violations, and the development ofautonomous arrangements between states and indigenous peoples. His research examines the reception ofcustomary indigenous peoples’ laws by national jurisdictions. He is also undertaking some research on the roleof human rights in promoting cultural diversity and multiculturalism. Furthermore his research focuses on therelationship between human rights law and the protection of the natural environment. He is currently involved ina signifi cant research projects led by the UMR de droit comparé (CNRS - Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) on militaryjurisdictions.LISA GORMLEYLisa Gormley has been the Administrator for the Transitional Justice Institute since September2003. She graduated from Queen’s University Belfast in 2004 with an LLM in Human RightsLaw, where her research focused on anti-discrimination and equality law, and more specifi callySection 75 of the Northern Ireland Act. She also has a BA (Hons) in Sociology from Queen’sUniversity Belfast. Lisa has extensive experience in the human rights fi eld and the publicsector. She worked for the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission for over four yearsfrom 1999-2003 and is currently a member of the Executive Committee of the Belfast-basedNGO - the Committee on the Administration of Justice (CAJ). Lisa is also a part-time MBAstudent at the University of Ulster at Jordanstown.ELAINE MCCOUBREYElaine is the Secretary at the Transitional Justice Institute on the Jordanstown campus. Shehas worked for the TJI since November 2005 and has provided the staff and students at theJordanstown campus with invaluable support. She previously worked in the private sectorholding various secretarial and administrative positions.18

MICHAEL HAMILTONMichael graduated with an LLB from the University of Kent in 1997. He holds an MA in IrishStudies from the Institute of Irish Studies, Queen’s University Belfast (1998) and a PhD fromthe School of Law, University of Ulster (2003). His research has focused on the legal regulationof public protest, and particularly on parade disputes in Northern Ireland. In 2005, he was anexpert adviser on freedom of assembly to the Organization for Security and Co-operationin Europe (OSCE) providing advice to the Armenian Government on proposed amendmentsto its ‘Law on Assemblies and Demonstrations.’ He has twice presented evidence to theNorthern Ireland Affairs Select Committee in its reviews of the work of the NorthernIreland Parades Commission, and has delivered training to monitors for the Parades Commission and to stewardsinvolved in the Trade Justice movement. He was appointed to the Transitional Justice Institute (initially as a TeachingFellow) in September 2003, was module co-ordinator for ‘Human Rights and Equality Law’ (2004-05). He iscurrently a lecturer in the TJI and is co-ordinator for the LLM ‘Dissertation’ module (2005-06).Michael’s research interests include public order, freedom of assembly, and policing, looking particularly at the legalregulation of public protest; human rights and confl ict resolution; identity politics and the struggle for recognition.In 2005, he was involved with Moritz College of Law, Ohio State University on a project examining institutionaldesign, identity based confl ict and Alternative Dispute Resolution. He is presently working on a project examiningprinciples of free speech (‘fi ghting words’, ‘incitement to hatred’ etc) as they relate to periods of transition andthe dramatization of allegiances to ex-combatant organisations. He is also working with the OSCE/ODIHR ona project aimed at drafting guidelines for legislators on freedom of assembly issues (drawing on experiences ofrallies and demonstrations in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Western and Eastern Europe, and North America).FIONNUALA NI AOLÁINFionnuala is Professor of Law at the University of Ulster’s Transitional Justice Institute inBelfast, Northern Ireland. She received her LLB and PhD in law at the Queen’s UniversityLaw Faculty in Belfast, Northern Ireland. She also holds an LLM degree from Columbia LawSchool. Professor Ní Aoláin concurrently holds the Dorsey and Whitney Chair in Law at theUniversity of Minnesota Law School. She has previously been Visiting Scholar at Harvard LawSchool (1993-94); Associate-in-Law at Columbia Law School (1994-96); Visiting Professor atthe School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University (1996-2000); AssociateProfessor of Law at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel (1997-99) and Visiting Fellowat Princeton University (2001-02). Professor Ní Aoláin is the recipient of numerous academic awards including aFulbright scholarship, the Alon Prize, the Robert Schumann Scholarship, a European Commission award, and theLawlor fellowship. She was a representative of the Prosecutor at the ICTY at domestic war crimes trials in Bosnia(1996-97). In 2003, she was appointed by the U.N. Secretary-General as Special Expert on promoting genderequality in times of confl ict and peace-making. In 2004, she was nominated by the Irish government as judge to theEuropean Court of Human Rights. She was appointed by the Irish Minister of Justice to the Irish Human RightsCommission in 2000, and is a member of the Joint Committee of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commissionand the Irish Commission for Human Rights.Professor Ni Aoláin researches in the fi elds of emergency powers, confl ict regulation, transitional justice and sexbased violence in times of war. Her fi rst book The Politics of Force (Blackstaff Press, 2000) examined the use offorce by state agents during the confl ict in Northern Ireland and contained a unique empirically based analysis ofall confl ict related deaths in the jurisdiction by state agents. The theoretical and policy focus of the research waslocated in an examination of the relationship between international humanitarian law and international humanrights law. Professor Ni Aoláin’s work has continued to focus on the inter-section between human rights andhumanitarian norms. Her forthcoming book Law in Times of Crisis (CUP 2006) examines from a theoretical andsystems analysis the manner in which legal systems (broadly defi ned) respond to crisis (both internal and external).The book proposes three models for understanding the exercise of emergency powers across jurisdictions andlegal systems. A substantial component of the research explores the relationship between and oversight of crisisby international law. She also writes extensively on theoretical aspects of transition, as well as on gender justice inconfl ict and post-conflict situations.19

MARY O’RAWEMary graduated in 1990 with a fi rst class honours degree in English and French Law from the University ofKent. She completed an LLM in Human Rights, Emergency Law and Discrimination at Queen’s University Belfast,before taking up practice at the Bar in Northern Ireland and, later, a lectureship at the University of Ulster. Maryis a long time member and former chair of the Committee on the Administration of Justice, and co-founder ofthe Northern Ireland Lawyers’ Section of Amnesty International. Over the past 15 years she has researchedextensively in the fi eld of criminal justice and human rights, with her current focus being on policing in societiesin transition. Since 1999 she has acted as human rights consultant to An Garda Siochâna and currently sits on theNational Strategic Human Rights Advisory Committee advising the Commissioner on human rights compliance.Mary has also acted as advisor to various international initiatives looking at policing, and as a consultant to theNorthern Ireland Human Rights Commission, among other bodies. Mary is currently Senior Lecturer at the TJIwhere she has had responsibility for the development of a new LLM in Human Rights Law.Mary’s current research examines policing in transitional societies – what policing means in these contexts, andhow what happens in respect of policing reform impacts on the broader peace-building project. Her work drawson international experience and human rights norms, bringing these to bear on developments in Northern Ireland,and elsewhere. Through a focus on the Patten process and its outworkings over the past decade, her concernhas been to advance lessons for any society where policing and state legitimacy have been contested. To this end,she has charted the development of new accountability structures such as the Police Ombudsman for NorthernIreland, and considered issues around police training and human rights education. Ongoing work is concernedwith truth recovery relating to past police human rights abuses. She is also considering the potential impact of therecently established police Historical Enquiries Team set up to revisit over two thousand unsolved confl ict-relatedmurders. Her research will form the subject matter of a book on Northern Ireland’s policing transition. Thiswill road-map human rights considerations necessary for any jurisdiction undertaking structural change in itspolicing arrangements, and point to the need for policing transformation rather than the reform of one or twoinstitutions.CATHERINE O’ROURKECatherine graduated from Queen’s University Belfast in 2003 with an LLB in Law and Politics.During her time in Belfast she was involved in a number of human rights and children’s rightsinitiatives connected to the Northern Ireland Youth Forum, the Northern Ireland HumanRights Commission, and Amnesty International. She was also heavily involved in the women’scampaign of the student movement. In the academic year 2001-2002 the Department ofEmployment and Learning awarded her a ‘Business Education Initiative’ scholarship to studybusiness in Neumann College Pennsylvania. In the summer of 2002, she was selected byCornell University Law School to work in Tompkins County Department of Social ServicesLegal Unit as part of the ‘Gender, Sexuality and the Family: Expanding Norms of International Human Rights’programme. She graduated from the London School of Economics and Political Science with an MSc Genderand Development in 2004. That summer she was also involved with Amnesty International UK in a researchsupport role to the Gender Policy Advisor and the Director of the ‘Stop Violence against Women’ campaign. Sheis currently Research Assistant to Professor Christine Bell in the Transitional Justice Institute, and a PhD candidatewithin the School of Law.Catherine’s research interests primarily concern women’s mobilization in confl ict and transition, and what transitionmeans for this mobilization and the position of women more generally. This research is interdisciplinary, drawing onfeminist theory, political theory, and socio-legal research. Her active research projects include ongoing work on adatabase of peace agreements signed since 1990. She is currently completing a piece co-authored with ProfessorChristine Bell on peace agreements as experiments in participatory democracy, which is intended to form thebasis of their own further empirical research in this area. They are also working together on an article seeking toinform feminist legal theory on gender, confl ict and transition, with insights from women’s practical interventionsinto violent confl ict, peace processes, and post-conflict reconstruction. She will present a paper on the impact ofconstitutionalism on feminist engagement with the state at the 2006 Socio-Legal Studies Association Conference.In addition, her provisional PhD title is ‘Participation and Democracy: the Gendered Impact of Transition on CivilSociety’.20

DAVID KRETZMERProfessor David Kretzmer has been appointed as Chair (part-time) at the Jordanstown campus and took up poston 1 July 2006. Professor David Kretzmer was previously Bruce W. Wayne Professor of International Law at theHebrew University in Jerusalem. His long and outstanding academic career has brought him to teach in numerousuniversities and he has published widely on human rights and humanitarian law. Between 1995 and 2002, he was anExpert Member of the UN Human Rights Committee. Professor Kretzmer was a Visiting Professor at ColumbiaUniversity, 2003 and a Visiting Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Legal Studies, University of London, 2005.He was also Vice-Chairperson of Committee, 2001-2002, Ben Gurion Visiting Professor of Law, University ofSouthern California, 1979 and 1984-85; a Visiting Professor, Tulane University, 1989 and Visiting Professor, Bar-IlanUniversity, 2001-2002. His research interests include constitutional law, judicial decision-making, human rights andinternational humanitarian law. His books notably include: The Occupation of Justice: The Supreme Court of Israeland the Occupied Territories (SUNY press, 2002).ADRIENNE REILLYAdrienne is a graduate of the National University of Ireland, Galway and of The Irish Centre for Human Rights,Galway, Ireland where she undertook her BA and LLM respectively. After graduation she worked as a lawyer inpractice from 2001 - 2002. Since 2002 she has worked as a Research Assistant for Professor Fionnuala Ní Aoláinat the University of Ulster’s Jordanstown Campus, Belfast, Northern Ireland. She is now based with Professor NíAoláin at the Transitional Justice Institute (TJI) as a Research Associate. Her main research focus is on EmergencyLaws and Gender issues, specifi cally with reference to the application of international human rights law andinternational humanitarian law. She co-ordinated the Gender Sexuality and Family Program in Belfast in 2003and has been instrumental in organizing and participating the Transitional Justice Institutes annual events. Shehas presented a number of papers on her work internationally, including Cornell Law School, where she was aVisiting Fellow (2003), the American University Washington College of Law ‘Feminism and Legal Theory Project’(2004) and the University of Birmingham, Global Ethics Institute, Network of European Women’s Rights (NEWR)conference on Traffi cking (2005).Adrienne’s research interests are in the fi elds of anti-terrorist legislation in the Republic of Ireland; transitionaljustice; international criminal law; the feminist analysis of international law; human rights and humanitarian law inrelation to the right not to be held in slavery or servitude, on which she is undertaking doctoral work lookingspecifi cally at female sexual slavery. She has run seminars on feminist theory, human rights, and equality law at theUniversity of Ulster’s Department of Social Sciences. She has also lectured on the United Nations and TransitionalJustice on the Masters in Peacekeeping at the Irish School of Ecumemics, Trinity College Dublin.21

NIAMH REILLYNiamh joined TJI as a postdoctoral research fellow in 2005 (Magee Campus). She has aBA (Hons) in Politics and Economics from University College Dublin, an MA in Economics(International Development) from the University of Wisconsin, and a PhD in Politics fromRutgers University, New Jersey. Her research interests focus on feminist theory and practicein relation to human rights and transformative politics in global perspective. She has taughtmodules on human rights, feminist and political theory, and confl ict and developmentat various third-level institutions in Ireland and the US. From 1989 to 1996 she was aprogramme associate/director at the Center for Women’s Global Leadership at Rutgers.She has extensive experience of United Nations institutions and processes and working with women’s and humanrights NGOs internationally and in Ireland. She served as a gender expert on the Joint Department of ForeignAffairs/NGO Standing Committee in the Republic of Ireland (1997-1999) and was part of a group invited to adviseAmnesty International in the development of its ongoing campaign: Stop Violence against Women. Most recently,she was a postdoctoral fellow in Women’s Studies and Politics at the University of Limerick (2003-2005).Niamh’s interests centre on the role of international human rights in transformative political projects drivenby civil society actors. Her work refl ects an interdisciplinary feminist approach informed by critical politicaland legal theory insofar as: she seeks to map the dynamics of ‘emancipatory’ projects; begins with a notion of(international) law as a site of contestation; and is primarily concerned with examining women’s experiencesand the gendered exercise of power. It also builds on critical/feminist international relations and recent work bydemocracy theorists recognizing that globalization, and increasing diversity within ‘nation states’, demand that werethink ideas of citizenship, rights and justice beyond the state. She is currently writing a book entitled Women’sHuman Rights: Seeking Gender Justice in a Globalising Age which explores transnational feminist advocacy toshape and use international law – from the UN Women’s Convention, to the ICC and Security Council resolution1325. It further advances feminist analyses of the interface between human rights and new forms of militarization,rising fundamentalisms, and neo-liberal globalisation. She is also developing a comparative research project aimedat positing feminist models of ‘democracy’ in transitional contexts. The project responds to the marginalization ofwomen in post-conflict reconstruction and the failure of mainstream transitional justice discourse to challenge thelimits of ‘liberal democracy’ as the presumed outcome of transition.ANNE SMITHIn 1998 Anne graduated fi rst in her year with a BA Hons in Law and Government from theUniversity of Ulster. In 1999 at the same university, she was awarded the degree of LLM inEuropean Law. Having lectured part-time at the University of Ulster from February to June2000, she began her PhD in the fi eld of human rights and equality law before moving toQueen’s University Belfast in April 2001. There she occupied posts as Human Rights TrainingOffi cer and as a Research Associate. As the Human Rights Training Offi cer, Anne providedand delivered training sessions to the public sector on the Human Rights Act and continuesto provide consultancy work in this area. As a Research Associate, she was involved in amajor research project entitled ‘Evaluating the Effectiveness of National Human Rights Institutions: The NorthernIreland Human Rights Commission, With Comparisons from South Africa’, January 2005. In 2004 she movedto the Transitional Justice Institute, University of Ulster, where she was appointed lecturer. She teaches PublicInternational law at undergraduate level and International Human Rights Law at postgraduate level. At present sheis completing a PhD thesis looking at the protection of equality in Bills of Rights.Anne’s main research interests are in human rights and equality law, especially constitutional and institutionalmechanisms designed to promote and protect human rights and equality. Her PhD thesis examines how Billsof Rights can be used to guarantee meaningful equality and draws upon the experience of Canada and SouthAfrica to identify a number of lessons that other countries who are who are adopting a Bill of Rights can learnabout Bills of Rights as a vehicle for protecting equality. As part of her fi eldwork for her PhD, as a recipient ofthe MOLSON and UK Postgraduate Students Canadian Studies Travel Awards, she spent some time in Canadain August 2004 interviewing a number of people and organizations on the role the Canadian Charter has playedin protecting equality. She is also interested in the role played by National Human Rights Institutions in thepromotion and protection of human rights. This interest arose from her involvement whilst she was a Research22

Associate at Queen’s University Belfast. Alongside Professor Stephen Livingstone and Dr Rachel Murray, shecontributed to a study resulting in a fi nal report which examined the effectiveness of the Northern Ireland HumanRights Commission. Anne is a member of the Committee on the Administration of Justice, the British Associationfor Canadian Studies and Associate Member of the Equality and Social Inclusion in Ireland project.KIRK SIMPSONKirk joined the Transitional Justice Institute as a Post Doctoral Research Fellow in February 2006. He graduatedfrom Queen’s University Belfast (QUB) in 1998 with a BA (Hons) in Politics and Modern History. After gaininga PGCE (Politics) in 1999 at Queen’s, he studied for a PhD also at QUB. He graduated in 2002 with a PhDexamining the interaction between citizenship education and identity in Northern Ireland (with a particular focuson Habermasian theory). Before joining the TJI he was Research Fellow at the School of History and AnthropologyQUB, working with Professor Hastings Donnan on research entitled: Catholic-Protestant relationships in Ireland,North and South: A Study of 3 ‘Frontier’ Communities. This research examined the themes of confl ict, power,community and difference in areas of Ireland that have experienced high levels of political violence within thelast century (West Cork, North Monaghan and South Armagh). Kirk and Professor Donnan have also undertakenconsiderable work on victim-hood, memory, political violence and notions of transitional justice in the Irishborder area. They currently have two articles on victims of political violence, ‘truth’ and memory in NorthernIreland submitted and under review in international academic journals; and are fi nalizing another on the use ofpublic space and policy and its implications for Catholic-Protestant relationships in the Irish borderlands (alsofor publication in an international journal). He is also fi nalizing an article on aspects of peace, reconciliation andtransitional justice in Northern Ireland with Dr John Barry (QUB).Kirk’s current research at the TJI involves work on Transitional Justice, ‘Victim-hood’ and Confl ict Resolutionin Northern Ireland. The aim of this research is to more fully understand the complex relationship betweencontested notions of political, social and legal ‘justice’ and lasting, durable peace in Northern Ireland amongstboth unionist and nationalist victims of political violence. He is examining the ways in which the communicativeconsensual model of confl ict resolution and the defi nition of ‘truth’ (factual, normative, truthful) offered by JurgenHabermas can be applied in the case of Northern Ireland, in order to assist the transition from confl ict to stabledemocracy, justice and peace; and how this theory informs understandings of the relationship between justiceand peace not only in Northern Ireland, but in other transitional justice contexts in which political violence hascreated an unstable legal and political landscape. His book in process with Ruane, Donnan, & Butler, is entitledCatholic-Protestant Relationships in Ireland, North and South.23

CATHERINE TURNERCatherine joined the Transitional Justice Institute as a Research Assistant in November2004. She graduated with an LLB from Trinity College Dublin in 2002, and in 2003 the Artsand Humanities Research Board awarded her a studentship to study for an LLM in publicinternational law at the London School of Economics. Before joining the TJI she worked inthe Registry Legal Advisory section of the International Criminal Tribunal for the formerYugoslavia and also for Mediation Northern Ireland, for whom she continues to volunteer. Forthe past year she has been working with Professor Fionnuala Ní Aoláin on her forthcomingbook ‘Law in Times of Crisis’, as well as on projects relating to gender and women’s rights.She has also taught on the Public Law and Human Rights courses at the University of Ulster, School of Law. Herpersonal research interests include international legal theory, the politics of human rights and alternative disputeresolution. She is a member of the European Society of International Law.Catherine’s main research interests lie in the fi eld of human rights, namely the nature of the movement itself andthe conceptual problems associated with human rights implementation. She is working on an article with ProfessorNí Aoláin on the gendered construction of human rights used as the basis for accountability mechanisms, suchas truth commissions, and the resulting narrow approach which does not adequately address the experience ofwomen in confl ict. Her own work focuses on resistance to human rights in peace processes, particularly fromgroups who feel themselves to be on the losing side, most evidently seen in peace processes such as NorthernIreland and the Middle East, as well as in the resistance to the International Criminal Tribunal in the Balkans. Theprimary aim of her research is to examine why such resistance arises, looking specifi cally at the manner in whichhuman rights provisions are introduced into peace processes as legal rather than political measures, the lack ofopportunity to express dissatisfaction, and the use of rights for political point scoring.24

5.2 ASSOCIATE RESEARCHERSGINA BEKKERGina is a Lecturer in the School of Law, University of Ulster at Jordanstown. She obtained her LLB from theUniversity of Pretoria, South Africa and also holds graduate degrees in human rights law from the University ofPretoria and the University of Notre Dame, U.SA. Prior to joining the University of Ulster, Gina worked as SeniorLegal Offi cer, Refugee Legal Aid Project, Egyptian Organisation for Human Rights and before that she was SeniorResearcher at the Centre for Human Rights University of Pretoria, Economic and Social Rights Project. Gina hastaught law in both Egypt and South Africa and has also worked as a consultant in relation to human rights issues toUNDP in Egypt, as well as the South African Human Rights Commission. She is currently writing up her doctorialthesis on the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Her research interests broadly lie in the fi eld of humanrights in Africa and her current research is focused on remedies in the African system.GRÁINNE MCKEEVERGráinne is a lecturer in the School of Law and an associate researcher with the TJI. She researches in the areaof social welfare law, in particular examining the areas of overlap between the social security and criminal justicesystems. This has included research into social security fraud, the use of social security as a criminal sanctionand, more generally, the criminalisation of poverty. Her current work focuses on the social welfare problemsfacing political ex-prisoners in Northern Ireland, examining the implications of these problems for citizenship andreintegration, and attempting to reconceive the problem of exclusion through the dimension of poverty.CATHY GORMLEY - HEENANCathy is a Lecturer in the School of Policy Studies at the University of Ulster, an associateresearcher with the Transitional Justice Institute and an associate staff member of INCORE(International Confl ict Research) where she held the 2004-2005 Tip O’Neill Fellowship. Apartfrom teaching undergraduate and graduate level government classes, she has taught on issuesof political leadership in societies in transition for a number of years at the University ofUlster and also at the UNU (United Nations University) International Leadership Academyin Amman in 2000 & 2004 and was awarded a fellowship in leadership studies at the JamesBurns MacGregor Academy of Leadership at the University of Maryland in 2000. Otherawards have included a Kennedy Scholarship to the J.F.K. School of Government and Public Policy at HarvardUniversity in 1996-1997. Prior to this scholarship, Cathy took an MPhil in Middle Eastern Studies at St. Antony’sCollege, Oxford University. She also holds a fi rst class honours degree in political science from Queens University,Belfast. She has recently fi nished writing up her doctorate on aspects of political leadership during the NorthernIreland peace process from 1994-1998.VENKAT IYERVenkat Iyer is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Law, UUJ. Prior to joining the university, he was engaged inestablishing an international database on States of Emergency at the Queen’s University of Belfast. Dr Iyer has alsoworked in the Legal Offi ce of Amnesty International in London, and has carried out special projects for a numberof international NGOs including Article IX, the International Commission of Jurists, and the Lawyers’ Committeefor Human Rights (now Human Rights First). A barrister by training, he is a member of the Bars of NorthernIreland and India.His research interests encompass the areas of constitutional law, media law and human rights. As a ResearchFellow – and later as an Associate Researcher – at the TJI, Dr Iyer has been working on transition-related issuesin the Fiji Islands. His publications in this fi eld include two articles, “Courts and Constitutional Usurpers: SomeLessons from Fiji” (Dalhousie Law Journal, Fall 2005) and “Restoration Constitutionalism in the South Pacifi c”(Pacifi c Rim Law and Policy Journal, Fall 2005). He is currently studying the Promotion of Reconciliation, Toleranceand Unity Bill, promulgated by the Fijian Government in September 2005. Dr Iyer’s expertise in media law led tohis nomination in 1990 as a Nuffi eld Press Fellow at Wolfson College, Cambridge. He has also served as an adviserto the Royal Government of Bhutan, and was responsible, in 2003-04, for the drafting of that country’s media laws.Dr Iyer is the Editor of The Commonwealth Lawyer, published from London.25

EUGENE McNAMEEEugene joined the School of Law as a lecturer in 2005. He holds a PhD from the University of Florence and prior tojoining the University of Ulster he taught at Birkbeck College School of Law (1997-2000), and held a post doctoralfellowship in the Department of Sociology at University College Cork (2002-2004). His main research interestsinclude Law and Culture, Legal Subjectivity, Constitutional Law and Human Rights. He is currently undertakingresearch on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda(ICTR), with a particular focus on two aspects, namelythe legal anthropology of defence council at the ICTR, and ‘meta confl icts at the ICTR’, which is a case study of thetransformational dynamics of criminal accountability mechanisms which have reconciliation as their stated aim.ANGELA HEGARTYAngela is Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Ulster at Magee. Born and raised inDerry, she graduated in law from QUB in 1985 and subsequently qualifi ed as a solicitor. Sheobtained an LLM in Human Rights, Emergency Law & Discrimination, also from QUB, in 1991.She is the Subject Director for Law at the Magee campus of the University, where she runsthe LLB Programmes, teaches Public Law, Evidence and runs an innovative and successfulClinical Law programme. Her research interests are in human rights, transitional justice andpolicing. She is currently engaged in research into public inquiries and truth processes andis conducting a study of the Bloody Sunday Inquiry. She is a past Chair of the Committeeon the Administration of Justice, which won the Council of Europe Human Rights Prize in 1998. She is a boardmember of a number of human rights NGOs and is also a trustee of the Bloody Sunday Centre. She has a longtrack record of professional and voluntary work in the human rights fi eld. She was previously appointed to theEqual Opportunities Commission for Northern Ireland, the Standing Advisory Commission on Human Rightsand to the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission. In 2002 she was awarded a Distinguished CommunityFellowship by the University of Ulster and in 2003 became one of the fi rst Research Fellows at the University’snewly established Transitional Justice Institute.BILL ROLSTONBill is Professor of Sociology on the Jordanstown campus. He has an undergraduate degreeand doctorate, both in Sociology and both obtained at Queen’s University Belfast. He hasbeen lecturing in Sociology at Jordanstown since 1977.commissions.During this period he has also written and researched widely on numerous aspectsof society, politics and culture in Northern Ireland. His current research interests are inthe areas of popular political culture, in particular, wall murals; community and voluntarypolitics in Northern Ireland; the mass media; and human rights issues, in particular, truth26

EILISH ROONEYEilish is a feminist academic and community activist in the School of Sociology and AppliedSocial Studies, University of Ulster. Her work on women in the Northern Irish confl ict hasappeared in a range of publications and conferences. Recent contributions have includedFeminist Theory and the Community Development Journal. She contributed a section oncontemporary Northern Irish women’s writing to the Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing,Vol. V: Irish Women’s Writing & Traditions. She co-authored a seminal study of women’sparticipation in political parties and local groups Women, Community and Politics in NorthernIreland and is currently working with the Transitional Justice Institute on women, genderand equality in transition. Recent conferences include: Plenary Address to Women on Ireland Research Network,University of Limerick; Theorising Intersectionality Workshop, Research Centre for Law, Gender and Sexuality,Keele. She is Co-ordinator of Academic Affairs: Community Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and ProgrammeDirector of the BSc (Hons) Community Development. Awards include: the Féile an Phobail: ‘Woman of the Year2005’ for contributions to women’s education in Belfast; the Belfast City Council Millennium Award 2001 forcontributions to community education; and the International Council for Adult Education J. Roby Kidd SpecialCitation for innovation in adult education. She contributed an address to the John Hewitt Summer School (2005);to the Presbyterian Special Assembly Conference (2004); to the annual Belfast Film Festival. She makes regularcontributions to debate on national and local media.CAHAL MCLAUGHLINCahal is a senior lecturer at the School of Media, Film and Journalism at the University of Ulster. A documentaryfi lm maker with almost 20 years of broadcast and community production experience, he has most recentlydirected Inside Storires: Memories of the Maze and Long Kesh Prison (Catalyst Arts 2005), and We Never Give Up(2002) for the Human Rights Media Centre, Cape Town, on Apartheid reparations in South Africa. Cahal’s writingsinclude ‘Telling Our Story: Recording Audio Visual Testimonies from Political Confl ict’ in Barton R. abnd O’BrienH. (eds) Keeping it Real: Irish Film and Television London, Wallfl ower Press (2004), and ‘Touchstone and Tinderbox:documenting memories inside the North of Ireland’s Long Kesh Prison’ in Schofi eld et al. (eds) Re-mapping theField: New Approaches in Confl ict Archaeology. He is also director of the Prisons Memories Archive, funded bythe Heritage Lottery Fund, and which has recently recorded audio visual memories of ex-occupants inside ArmaghPrison.27

5.3 DOCTORAL STUDENTSThe Transitional Justice Institute aims to build a thriving research culture, and an intrinsic part of this is our PhDprogramme. We are particularly keen to encourage the development of the ‘next generation’ of researchers, andto create an exciting and innovative culture of research in transitional legal studies. In conjunction with the Schoolof Law, we invite applications for research in areas of staff interest and expertise on an annual basis.THOMAS BUNDSCHUHThomas is currently engaged in doctoral work as a PhD Research Fellow at the Transitional Justice Institute of theUniversity of Ulster in Northern Ireland. He holds an LLM in International Human Rights Law from the Universityof Essex. An accomplished lawyer educated in Germany, England and Switzerland, Thomas has gained a wealth ofexperience through his work and research in Brazil, Uganda, Rwanda, Canada and South Africa.He is the co-author of “Working Together for Sustainable Peace: Confl ict Resolvers and Human Rights Advocatesin Sierra Leone” in the forthcoming volume Human Rights and Confl ict Resolution In Context: Case Studies fromColombia, Sierra Leone and Northern Ireland. In his PhD research he examines the architecture of justice intransitional societies with particular attention to economic, social and cultural rights. He locates his current inquirywithin a broader focus on transformational justice regarding deeply divided societies marked by entrenched localand/or global inequalities.SORCHA MCKENNASorcha joined the TJI as a PhD research fellow in 2004. She hold a degree in Legal Scienceand Philosophy from NUI Galway, where she wrote a dissertation on the sentencing ofsexual offences in Ireland, and a Masters in Human Rights from Queens University Belfast,where her research focused on the commercial exploitation of Children. She is currently inthe second year of her PhD, which expands on her earlier interest in children’s rights andsexual violence by extending into the fi eld of international law and the specifi c context ofarmed confl ict. The thesis, entitled “Innocence Lost - The effectiveness of international law inthe protection of children from sexual violence during armed confl ict”, will critique existinghumanitarian and human rights provisions for failing to provide adequate protection to children. The case studiesof Sierra Leone and Bosnia will be used to illustrate how child sexual violence can manifest during armed confl ict,and the various responses to such abuses post confl ict. In particular the thesis will focus on the mechanisms ofaccountability used in each of the case studies and the role of children within them. The aim of the research is tocontribute to the dearth of socio-legal child specifi c information on the impact of confl ict on children, child asvictims of sexual violence and access to justice for child victims post conflict.KHANYISELA MOYOKhanyisela is a Zimbabwean trained lawyer who has taught and practised law in Zimbabweand has served on several boards including that of the Zimbabwean Lawyers for Humanrights in Zimbabwe and Women into Politics, Northern Ireland. She holds a masters degreein International Human Rights Law from Oslo, Norway and an LLM in Public InternationalLaw from Nottingham University, United Kingdom. Currently, she is a second year PhDResearch Fellow with the Transitional Justice Institute at the University of Ulster, NorthernIreland. Her thesis, which is likely to be submitted in December 2007, uses Zimbabwe as acase study to analyse the multitudinous complexities of transitional justice in postcolonialsocieties. In addition to transitional justice her research interests are in postcolonial legal theory, feminist legaltheory, minority rights, law of international organisations, issues of collective security and economic, social andcultural rights.28

6. LLM IN HUMAN RIGHTS LAWThe LLM in Human Rights Law at the University of Ulster began in September 2005 and is being delivered by theTransitional Justice Institute in association with the School of Law at both the Jordanstown and Magee campuses.The LLM programme is made up of several modules including:➢ Foundations of International Human Rights Law➢ The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice➢ Advanced Human Rights Law➢ Equality Law➢ Criminal Justice, Human Rights and Law Enforcement➢ Human Rights and Vulnerable Groups➢ DissertationThe 2006/07 cohort of LLM students commenced their studies on 25 September 2006 (pictured below) following onfrom two days Induction and Registration which included training sessions and formal induction onto the course. Thestudents participating in the course include those from Israel, Tunisia and Africa. Those international students were ableto attend due to them receiving scholarships from the TJI.Jordanstown LLM StudentsMagee LLM StudentsThe TJI and the NI Human Rights Commission established an internship programme for the LLM students. The fi rstintern, Hakeem Yusuf who is from Nigeria completed his ten-week internship in August (pictured below). The programmeis a valuable collaboration between the Institute and Commission with further joint ventures for students being planned,such as an annual essay prize and a visit to the Commission offices in November 2006.Hakeem Yusuf, LLM student & NIHRC Intern 2006One of the LLM students, Wendy Isaack, was accepted onto a prestigious internship programme in Summer 2006 atthe Geneva for Human Rights – Global Training which is an international association based at Geneva. The Institute,following on from an application received from Ms Isaack, agreed to help to fund the attendance on the internshipprogramme as it will assist in her completion of the LLM dissertation.29

LLM FORUMIn addition to the development of the formal teaching programme on the LLM in Human Rights, the Institute has alsoestablished an “LLM Forum” which takes place on those weeks when there are no formal classes. This Forum is made upof a Film Series, Seminars and Research Workshops that are all relevant to their research and complement the teachingon the course. Dr Kirk Simpson will manage this Forum in conjunction with other staff as relevant.Monday 2 October 2006, Reading Group on Critical Engagement with Literature, Magee campus (led by CatherineO’Rourke, Research Asssistant).Tuesday 3 October 2006, Reading Group pm Truth Commissions and Truth Recovery, Jordanstown campus (led by DrKirk Simpson, Post Doctoral Fellow)Monday 23 October 2006, Film Series and Discussion (“Sunday”), Magee campus.Tuesday 24 October 2006, Film Series and Discussion (“Sometimes in April”, Rwanda), Jordansown campus.Tuesday 14 November 2006, Field Trip Visit to the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission and the Committee onthe Administration of Justice, Belfast.30

7. CONFERENCES AND EVENTSThe TJI has developed three main types of events including our annual international conferences, the regular TJI SeminarSeries and other events including book launches and smaller conferences.7.1 TJI Conferences‘War on Terror - International and Interdisciplinary Perspectives: Five Years On’The TJI 2006 annual international conference, ’War on Terror - International and Interdisciplinary Perspectives: Five Years On’,was a joint event with the University of Minnesota Law School and took place on November 9th and 10th, 2006 in theUniversity of Minnesota. The conference was a law-led exploration that draws on leading edge, law-related IR and SocialMovement Theory perspectives. Topics included: International Law and the Use of Force in the 21st Century; Peace andExit Strategies; Law, Repression and Social Movement Theory; Law International Relations, and Hegemony.The speakers were among the key scholars in the fi eld and included: Prof. David Wippmann, Prof. David Weissbrodt, Prof.Oren Gross, Prof. David Kennedy, Prof. Christian Davenport, Prof. Colm Campbell, Dr. Achilles Skordas, Prof. FionnualaNi Aolain, Dr. Shane Darcy, Prof. Christine Bell, Prof Brendan O’Leary and Prof. Ian Lustick.The conference was a huge success with excellent attendance from academic staff and students from the Minnesota LawSchool. The papers presented at the symposium will be published by the University of Minnesota Journal of InternationalLaw. A video-recording of the conference will also be available on our website before the end of the year.‘The Slobodan Milosevic Trial: The Verdict’The TJI co-sponsored an event which was hosted by the Irish Human Rights Centre, NUI Galway, on “The SlobodanMilosevic Trial: The Verdict”. The conference brought together leading international experts on the trial itself, and oninternational criminal justice. Staff from TJI appeared on a panel and presented papers at the conference which tookplace on 29-30 April 2006 in Galway.‘Developing Social and Economic Rights in Transition: The Local and the Global’The international conference on “Developing Social and Economic Rights in Transition: The Local and the Global”, took placeon Friday 11 November in Belfast and was an outstanding success. Speakers included Professor Asbjorn Eide of theNorwegian Institute of Human Rights, Professor Sandra Liebenberg and Professor Sandra Fredman (Oxford University)and Professor Csilla Kollonay Lehoczky of Central European University, Budapest. Conference funding for this eventwas secured by the organisers (Thomas Bundschuh and Esther McGuinness) from the British Academy.Professor Asbjorn Eide, Director of Norwegian Institute of Human Rights, Belfast, November 200531

7.2 Other TJI Events‘Negotiating Justice? Peace Agreements and Human Rights’The TJI hosted an event on 22 June 2006 in Belfast to mark the launch of the International Council for Human RightsPolicy report: “Negotiating Justice?” which was authored by Professor Christine Bell. The event was well attendedby representatives of various national human rights institutions in Europe and involved speakers including ProfessorBell, Professor Monica McWilliams, Chief Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission and Susan McCrory of theInternational Council for Human Rights Policy.Launch of ‘Negotiating Justice?’, Belfast, June 2006.‘CEDAW and discrimination in the context of the family’Shanthi Dairiam visited the Transitional Justice Institute in March 2006 as part of a week-long visit to Ireland to bringattention to the importance of the UN Women’s Convention and the work of the its monitoring body (CEDAW) atnational and local level. Shanthi Dairiam was Executive Director of International Women’s Rights Action Watch - AsiaPacifi c (IWRAW-AP) until she took up her role as a member of the CEDAW Committee in 2005. She has been involvedin building capacity for women’s rights advocacy for over 20 years, both with Malaysian NGOs and also at the regionaland international levels. She has served as an expert assisting key UN agencies such as the Asia Pacifi c Gender EqualityNetwork, the Offi ce of the High Commissioner of Human Rights and UNIFEM. She holds an MA in Literature from theUniversity of Madras India and an MA in Gender and Development from the Institute of Development Studies, Universityof Sussex. Shanthi is currently serving a four-year term (2005-2009) as an expert member of the CEDAW Committee.She has recently become a member of the Board of ESCR-Net, the International Network for Economic, Social andCultural Rights. TJI co-sponsored Ms. Dairiam’s visit along with the Irish Centre for Human Rights, NUI-Galway and theWomen’s Human Rights Alliance. At the TJI seminar, Ms. Dairiam focused on the ways in which CEDAW has interpreteddiscrimination in the context of the family.Shianthi Dairiam, March 2006, Dalriada House32

‘Islamic State Practices, International Law and Threat from Terrorism: A Critique of the ‘Clashof Civilizations’ in the New World Order’14 October 2005, Professor Javaid Rehman’s book was launched at the Magee campus, hosted by the Transitional JusticeInstitute - Islamic State Practices, International Law and Threat from Terrorism: A Critique of the ‘Clash of Civilizations’ in the NewWorld Order published by Hart, March 2005. The key speaker was Professor Colin Harvey, Director of the Human RightsCentre at the Queen’s University Belfast.33

7.3 TJI SEMINAR SERIES2006-2007 Joint Seminar Series – TJI and University of Liverpool:‘Constructive and Peaceful State-Ethnic Community Relations – The Role of the InternationalCommunity: Legal and Policy Issues’The TJI is co-hosting a research seminar series entitled “Constructive and Peaceful State-Ethnic Community Relations – TheRole of the International Community: Legal and Policy Issues”with the University of Liverpool Law School. The seminarspeakers being hosted by the Transitional Justice Institute are as follows:• 2 February 2007: Professor Patrick Thornberry, Keele University.• 20 February 2007: Dr Kathleen Cavanaugh, NUI Galway: Reframing the Discourse of International Law inIsrael/Occupied Territories and Iraq• 16 March 2007: Dr David Keane, Brunel University: Addressing the Aggravated Meeting Points of Race andReligion.• 20 April 2007: Professor Tom Hadden, Queen’s University Belfast.TJI Seminar Series – Autumn semester 2006• Professor Julie Mertus from the School of International Service, American University delivered a seminar on‘Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy’ on Tuesday 17 October 2006 in the Jordanstown campus.Prof Julie Mertus (centre) with seminar participants, Dalriada House, Oct 2006• Dr Robbie McVeigh and Ronit Lentin, delivered a seminar on “After Optimism: Ireland, Globalisation andRacism”, Magee campus on 13 November 2006.• Professor Colm Campbell, Associate Director of TJI, will deliver a seminar on “Law’s Place in the Repression-Mobilisation Nexus: Lessons from Northern Ireland for the ‘war on terror’” at the Magee campus on 4December.• Dr Phil Clark, Post Doctoral Fellow at TJI, will deliver a seminar on “Justice Without Lawyers: the GacacaCommunity Courts and Post-Genocide Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda” at the Jordanstown campus onTuesday 5 December 2006.34

TJI Seminar Series – Spring semester 2006• Thursday 23 February: Grainne McKeever, Associate Researcher, TJI, Ex-prisoners, Welfare and Citizenship• Monday 6 March: Slavica Stojanovic, Reconstruction Women’s Fund (Belgrade)• Thursday 9 March: Eilish Rooney, Associate Researcher, TJI, Women’s Equality in Transition: Intersectionality inTheory & Place• Thursday 23 March: Professor Bill Rolston, Associate Researcher, TJI, Death Squads and Democracy: The Caseof Northern Ireland• Tuesday 28 March, Angela Hegarty, Associate Researcher, TJI, Governing Memory: Truth, Law and BloodySunday• Thursday 4 May, Eugene McNamee, Associate Researcher, TJI, Defending Genocide• Friday 5 May, Professor Christine Bell, Director, TJI, ‘Lex Pacifi catoria’: The New Law of the Peacemaker• Tuesday 16 May, Cath Collins, Chatham House, The Politics of Memorial: Torture and Visual Landscape in Chile• Thursday 18 May, Dr Cathy Gormley-Heenan, Associate Researcher, TJI,Understanding Political Leadership in Transitional Societies• Monday 29 May, Gaby Ore Aguilar, Gender Justice Project, “Gender Justice and the Right to Reparation:Redressing discrimination and confl ict-related Human Rights Violations”• Thursday 1 June, Dr Venkat Iyer, Transition-Related Developments in Fiji: An Update• Monday 5 June, Dr. Joshua Castellino, Irish Centre for Human Rights (NUI Galway) Book Launch “MinorityRights in Asia: A Comparative Legal Analysis”• Thursday, 8 June, Ms Khanyisela Moyo, PhD Student, TJI, ‘Zimbabwe: The Rule of law and Judicial IndependenceParadox’• Friday 9 June, LLM Event for TJI Staff and Students, “A Force more Powerful” Strategy Game• Monday 12 June, Dr Edwin Abuya, Lecturer, TJI, Strengthening International Asylum: The Torture Convention asa Complimentary Tool• Monday 3 July, Prof. David Abraham, Miami University, The Boundaries and Bonds of Citizenship: Recognitionand Redistribution in the U.S., Germany, and Israel.TJI Seminar Series – Autumn semester 2005• Professor Henry Steiner, Harvard Law School presented a seminar on “Human Rights and Democracy” on 16and 17 November 2005 at both the Magee and Jordanstown campuses respectively.• Professor Colleen Lewis, Monash University, Australia presented a seminar on “Phantoms of Lost Liberty’: theemergence of the security state”on 4 November in the Jordanstown campus.• Professor Oren Gross, University of Minnesota and Visiting Fellow to TJI, presented a seminar on“The Changing Understanding of National Security”on Thursday 27th October 2005 in the Jordanstowncampus.• Anne Smith, Lecturer with TJI, delivered a seminar on “The Drafting Process of the Bill of Rights in NorthernIreland”on Friday 28 October 2005 in the Magee campus.• Professor Tom Hadden, Queen’s University Belfast, presented a seminar (with two of his researchers) on ‘TheContractualisation of Conflict’ on 30 November at the Jordanstown campus.• Professor Victor Ramraj, National University of Singapore, delivered a seminar on “Preserving the Rule ofLaw in Times of Crisis: A Critique of the Extra-Legal Measures Model” (with Professor Oren Gross) onThursday 1 December in the Jordanstown campus.• Dr Niamh Reilly delivered a seminar on “Human Security and Women’s Rights”on Friday 2 December inMagee campus.35

8. VISITING FELLOWS TO TJIProfessor David Abraham, Miami Law School was in residence at the Transitional JusticeInstitute, Jordanstown campus, as a Visiting Fellow this summer for a period of two weeks. DavidAbraham is Professor of Law at the University of Miami. He has a BA, MA, PhD from the Universityof Chicago and a JD from the University of Pennsylvania. Prior to coming to Miami, ProfessorAbraham taught in the history department at Princeton University.Professor Abraham has published widely on issues of politics and economics in Weimar Germanyand is the author of The Collapse of the Weimar Republic, which examined the conditions and fateof a social-democratic, class-compromise effort to establish a viable welfare state. More recently he has written onAmerican labor law, property law, liberal legal theory and the problem of Verrechtlichung/juridifi cation. He is currently atwork in the areas of immi¬gration and citizenship law with a particular focus on citizenship in a neo-liberal era. Whilehere, Abraham will be discussing his project examining the declin¬ing bound¬aries and bonds of citizen¬ship in Germany,Israel, and the U.S.Professor Abraham delivered a seminar at the Jordanstown campus on Monday 3 July on The Boundaries and Bonds ofCitizenship: Recognition and Redistribution in the U.S., Germany, and Israel. The seminar was attended by staff and studentsof the Institute as well as other Associates and academics from the Faculty.Professor David Weissbrodt was a Visiting Fellow with the TJI for two weeks in June 2005. Heis the Fredrikson and Byron Professor of Law at the University of Minnesota Law School. He is aworld-renowned scholar in international human rights law and teaches international human rightslaw, administrative law, immigration law, and torts.In 1975, Professor Weissbrodt became a faculty member at the University of Minnesota Law Schoolwhere he has since established the University of Minnesota Human Rights Center. In 1993-95Weissbrodt served a public member of the U.S. Delegation to the U.N. Commission on HumanRights. In 1996 Weissbrodt was elected and in 2000 he was re-elected by the U.N. Commission on Human Rightsto serve as a member of the U.N. Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. He wasdesignated the U.N. Special Rapporteur on the rights of non-citizens from 2000-03. He also served as a member of theSub-Commission’s fi ve-person Working Group on the Working Methods and Activities of Transnational Corporationswhich drafted the United Nations’ Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other BusinessEnterprises with Regard to Human Rights. Professor Weissbrodt led the TJI annual Ph.D. forum event during his visit.Gaby Ore Aguilar is Director and Researcher on Gender Justice, Remedies and Armed Conflict Project which is anindependent research project based in Madrid, Spain. Gaby’s areas of specialization are: International philanthropy andgrantmaking in the fi eld of social justice, human rights and gender equity, Theory and practice of human rights advocacyin the Americas (litigation, education and policy monitoring), Economic, social and cultural rights with emphasis on theright to health and Gender justice in confl ict contexts. Prior to that Gaby has also worked for the International Councilon Human Rights Policy, Amnesty International and the Ford Foundation.Gaby was in residence at the Magee campus for two weeks. She delivered a seminar on Monday 29 May on “GenderJustice and the Right to Reparation: Redressing discrimination and confl ict-related Human Rights Violations” – it waswell attended by staff and students alike.36

Visiting Fellow.Professor Henry Steiner, Jeremiah Smith, Jr. Professor of Law at Harvard Law School.Professor Steiner is the founder and Director of the Harvard Human Rights Program, and for manyyears Chair and Co-Chair of the Harvard University Committee on Human Rights Studies. He haspublished articles on a wide range of human rights issues and has lectured on the subject in over20 countries. His most recent book is Steiner and Alston, International Human Rights in Context:Law, Politics, Morals (2nd ed. 2000). He is also Chair of the Board of Directors of the Universityof the Middle East Project. Professor Steiner is generally recognised as one of the most eminenthuman rights academics in the United States and the TJI was delighted to have hosted him as aDuring his time at the TJI, he delivered a seminar at each campus on: “Human Rights and Democracy” on 16 and 17November which was attended by staff and students.Professor Oren Gross, Irving Younger Professor of Law and Director of the Center for LegalStudies at the University of Minnesota Law School.Professor Gross’s main areas of research are international law, national security law, and internationaltrade law. He is also an expert on the Middle East and the Arab-Israeli confl ict. Professor Grossjoined the University of Minnesota Law School in 2002. Prior to joining the University of Minnesota,Professor Gross was a member of the faculty of the Tel Aviv University Law School (Israel). He alsotaught and held visiting positions at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Princeton University,Queen’s University in Belfast (Northern Ireland), the Max Planck Institute for Comparative PublicLaw and International Law in Heidelberg (Germany) and Brandeis University. Professor Gross has published extensively.His articles have appeared in leading academic journals such as the Yale Law Journal, the Yale Journal of InternationalLaw, Michigan Journal of International Law, Minnesota Law Review, and the Cardozo Law Review. His book, Law in Timesof Crisis: Emergency Powers in Theoretical and Comparative Perspective, co-authored with Professor Fionnuala NíAoláin, is forthcoming with Cambridge University Press. During his time at the TJI he delivered seminars on: “Stabilityand Flexibility: A Dicey Business” in June 2005 and on “The Changing Understanding of National Security” in October2005.Professor Victor V. Ramraj, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law, National University ofSingapore.Professor Ramraj has qualifi cations in law (LLB,Toronto) and philosophy (BA, McGill; MA, PhD,Toronto) and was called to the bar of Ontario in 1995. Before joining the NUS Faculty of Lawin 1998, he served as a judicial law clerk at the Federal Court of Appeal in Ottawa and as a legalresearcher and litigation lawyer in Toronto. His main areas of teaching and research are legaltheory, criminal law, constitutional law, and anti-terrorism law and policy. He is co-author/coeditorof three books, including Global Anti-Terrorism Law and Policy (Cambridge University Press,forthcoming 2005) and Fundamental Principles of Criminal Law (Singapore: Lexis Nexis, 2005). His scholarly writing hasbeen published in numerous and highly acclaimed legal and philosophical journals. He recently taught courses on antiterrorismlaw and policy at the University of Toronto, the National University of Singapore, and Kyushu University andhas presented academic papers to audiences in Canada, Hong Kong, India, Iran, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden and theUnited States. During his time at TJI he delivered a seminar on “Preserving the Rule of Law in Times of Crisis: A Critiqueof the Extra-Legal Measures Model”.37

9. INTERNSHIP PROGRAMMENYU –TJI Internship SchemeThe Institute has taken part in an internship scheme arranged through New York University Law School. The fi rst intern,Ms Leslie Gold, arrived in May and was based at the TJI for a ten week period working with Professors Bell and Ní Aoláin.Leslie has worked on a research project on legal norms regarding collusion.38

10. TJI EXTERNAL BOARDThe Transitional Justice Institute’s External Board met on 14 and 15 November 2005 at both Jordanstown and Mageecampuses to discuss, among other issues, the Institute’s Draft Strategic Plan 2006-2008 (Appendix II). The Board is madeup of:Professor Henry Steiner, Jeremiah Smith, Jr. Professor of Law, Harvard Law SchoolProfessor Steiner is the founder and director of the Harvard Human Rights Program, and for many years chair andco-chair of the Harvard University Committee on Human Rights Studies. He has published articles on a wide range ofhuman rights issues and has lectured on the subject in over 20 countries. His most recent book is Steiner and Alston,International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals (2nd ed. 2000). He is also chair of the Board of Directors ofthe University of the Middle East Project. Professor Steiner is generally recognised as one of the most eminent humanrights academics in the United States and the TJI is delighted that he will be a part of our intellectual community thisautumn.Professor Ruti Teitel, Ernst C. Stiefel Professor of Comparative LawChair, Comparative Law and Politics Discussion GroupA nationally recognized authority on international law, international human rights, and constitutional law, Ruti Teitel isthe author of Transitional Justice (Oxford University Press, 2000), which examines the 20th century transitions fromauthoritarianism to democracy in many countries. A member of the Council on Foreign Relations, she provides expertcommentary on such issues as the historic trial at the International Criminal Court at The Hague relating to “ethniccleansing” in the former Yugoslavia. An author and frequent speaker in academia and the media, Professor Teitel is thefi rst Ernst C. Stiefel Professor of Comparative Law at New York Law School. She teaches international human rightsand comparative and U.S. constitutional law. Her extensive body of scholarly writing on comparative law, humanrights, and constitutionalism encompasses articles published in some of the country’s most prestigious legal journals,including the Yale Law Journal, Cornell Law Review, and Columbia Human Rights Law Review. In addition, she has writtennumerous book chapters contributing to volumes covering issues of both law and politics. She also writes on humanrights issues for a broader audience, having published in The New York Times, Legal Affairs, and Findlaw.com. A cum laudegraduate of Georgetown University, Professor Teitel received her J.D. from Cornell Law School and was a Senior Fellowat the Orville H. Schell, Jr. Center for International Human Rights at Yale Law School. She is a member of the SteeringCommittee of Human Rights Watch Europe/Central Asia, as well as a member of the Executive Advisory Board of theHolocaust/Human Rights Research Project of Boston College Law School. In 1993, she received a grant from the UnitedStates Institute of Peace.Professor Christopher McCrudden, Professor of Human Rights Law, University of OxfordProfessor Christopher McCrudden teaches in the areas of international, European, and comparative human rights, andis interested in the relationship between international economic law and labor rights. He is currently writing a bookentitled: Buying Social Justice about the relationship between public procurement and equality. He is Fellow and Tutor inLaw, at Lincoln College, Oxford; Professor of Human Rights Law in the University of Oxford; a non-practicing Barristerat-Law(Gray’s Inn ); and an Overseas Affi liated Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School. McCruddenholds an LL.B. from Queen’s University, Belfast, an LL.M. from Yale, and a D. Phil. from Oxford. He specializes in humanrights (international, European and comparative), and currently concentrates on issues of equality and discrimination,and the relationship between international economic law and human rights. He is a member of editorial boards ofseveral journals, including European Public Law, the Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, the International Journal of Discriminationand the Law, and the Journal of International Economic Law, as well as being co-editor of the Law in Context series. Heserves on the European Commission’s Expert Network on the Application of the Gender Equality Directives, and is ascientifi c director of the European Commission’s network of experts on non-discrimination. He is also a member of theProcurement Board for Northern Ireland.39

Professor Bill Bowring, Professor of Law, School of Law, Birkbeck College, University of LondonProfessor Bill Bowring is Professor of Law in the School of Law, Birkbeck College, University of London, and a practisingEnglish barrister (mainly in the European Court of Human Rights).He was previously Professor of Human Rights and International Law at London Metropolitan University, the largestUniversity in London and Director of the University’s Human Rights and Social Justice Research Institute, and founderand Academic Coordinator of the EC/EIDHR funded European Human Rights Advocacy Centre (EHRAC) which is partof the Institute. EHRAC is assisting the applicants in more than 60 cases against the Russian Federation, including the fi rstsix cases concerning the confl ict in Chechnya (judgment given for the applicants on 24 February 2005). The Institute isactively engaged in teaching, and Prof Bowring is the founder and Director of the LLM in Human Rights, which, with itssister the MA in Human Rights and Social Justice, now attracts some 50 postgraduate students from many countries ofthe world.Prof Bowring is an Executive Committee member of the Bar Human Rights Committee of England and Wales, a memberof the Council of LIBERTY (the National Council for Civil Liberties), a trustee of REDRESS (reparation and compensationfor victims of torture) and a member of the Rule of Law Council of the International Helsinki Federation.Prof Bowring is the Senior Criminal Justice Law Expert for the EC/British Council project“Reforming the Procuracy inGeorgia”, and leads the HRSJ team which has designed the training materials and programme and provided training toall 750 prosecutors in Georgia, including on torture issues. He led the Institute team which provided an Audit of HumanRights in Serbia and Montenegro for the OSCE Mission in SaM. He is the European Expert for the European Union PolicyAdvice Programme project “The Development of a System of Administrative Justice in Russia”. He acts as an experton a regular basis for the Council of Europe and other international organisations on issues concerning human rights,minority rights, and rights to education.40

11. RESEARCH FUNDINGStaff Name(s) Title of Award Funding Body ValueProfessor Fionnuala Scholarships for LLM (1) Planethood $25,000Ní AoláinFoundation, USAProfessor Fionnuala Scholarships for LLM (2) Planethood $2,500Ní AoláinFoundation, USAColm Campbell Visiting Scholarship (3) British Academy £2,600Thomas Bundschuh, Conference Grant (4) British Academy £2,000Esther McGuiness,and Mary O’RaweProfessor Fionnuala Conference Grant (5) British Academy £2,000Ní AoláinProfessors Fionnuala RCUK Post Doctoral Research Research Councils UK £500,000Ní Aoláin, Colm Fellowships (6)Campbell, ChristineBellNotes1. Scholarships for LLM in Human Rights Law: the US-based Planethood Foundation partially funded an internationalstudent in 2005 ($2,500).2. TJI subsequently received $25,000 in funding from Planethood Foundation in 2006 to assist international students inattending the programme.3. TJI secured funding under the British Academy’s Visiting Scholarship programme of funding. £2,600 was received tofacilitate Professor Oren Gross of the University of Minnesota Law School visiting the Institute from May/June toDecember 2005.4. TJI secured funding from the British Academy under its British Conference Grant application for £2,000 to assist withthe travel costs of international speakers at the “Women and Human Rights” conference in May 2005.5. TJI secured funding from the British Academy under its British Conference Grant application for £2,000 to assist withinternational travel costs of speakers at the conference on “Developing Economic and Social Rights: The Global and theLocal”in November 2005.6. The long-term viability of the TJI was further strengthened by the award to the Institute of £500,000 to supportpost-doctoral work by the UK Research Councils. This will enable the appointment of four Post Doctoral AcademicFellows under a scheme that provides funding until 2010.41

ANNEX 1: PUBLICATIONSCopies of publications can be downloaded from www.transitionaljustice.ulster.ac.uk.PROFESSOR CHRISTINE BELLBooksPeace Agreements and Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Learning Legal Skills. 3rd ed. London: Blackstone, 1999 (co-author).Peer Reviewed Articles“Peace Agreements: Their Nature and Legal Status.” 100 (2) American Journal of International Law(2006)“Lost on the Way Home? The Right to Life in Northern Ireland.” 32 Journal of Law and Society(2005): 68 (co-authorwith J Keenan).“Human Rights Nongovernmental Organisations and the Problems of Transition.” 26 Human Rights Quarterly(2004): 331 (co-author with J Keenan)“Dealing with the Past in Northern Ireland.” 26 Fordham International Law Journal(2003): 1095.Book Chapters/Other Articles“Human Rights, Peace Agreements and Confl ict Resolution: Negotiating Justice in Northern Ireland.” In Confl ictand Human Rights, edited by J Hesling and J Mertus. Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2006forthcoming.“Peace Agreements and Human Rights: Implications for the UN.” In The UN, Human Rights, Post Confl ict Situations,edited by N White and D Klassen. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005.“Women Address the Problems of Peace Agreements.” In Women, Peacemaking and Constitutions, edited by RCoomeraswamy and D Fonseka. New Delhi: Women Unlimited, 2005.“Paths to the Future: Peace Agreements and Human Rights.” In Progressing Towards Peace, edited by J Darby and RMcGinty. Houndsmill: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2002.“Minority Rights and Confl ict Resolution in Northern Ireland.” In Minority Rights in the ‘New Europe’, edited byWheatly and Cumper. The Hague & London: Martinus Nijhoff/Kluwer, 1999.“Women, Equality and Political Participation.” In (Dis)Agreeing Ireland, edited by J Anderson and J Goodman. London:Pluto Press, 1999.Reports“Negotiating Justice: Human Rights and Peace Agreements.” Geneva: International Committee on Human RightsPolicy, 2006Other“Reunifi cation: More Than the Colour of Post Boxes.” The Village, Dublin November 200542

PROFESSOR COLM CAMPBELLBooksTransitional Justice- Northern Ireland and Beyond Special Edition of Fordham International Law Journal, 2003 (coeditorwith F Ní Aoláin).Emergency Law in Ireland, 1918-1925, 429 pp., Oxford University Press (Clarendon Press), (1994).C. Campbell (with K. Schulze & M. Stokes) (eds.), Nationalism and Minorities in the Middle East: Identities and Rights,266 pp., IB Tauris (1996).Peer Reviewed Articles‘Making ‘Wars on Terror’? Lessons from Northern Ireland’, Modern Law Review, forthcoming 2006.“’Wars on Terror’ and Vicarious Hegemons.” 54 International and Comparative Law Quarterly(2005): 321“The Paradox of Transition in Confl icted Democracies.” 27 Human Rights Quarterly (2005): 172. (co-author withF Ní Aoláin)“Justice Discourses in Transition.” 13 Social and Legal Studies. (2004): 306-28“A Model for the ‘War against Terrorism’? Military Intervention and the 1970 Falls Curfew.” 30 Journal of Law andSociety(2003): 341. (co-author with I Connolly).“The Frontiers of Legal Analysis: Re-Framing the Transition in Northern Ireland.” 66 Modern Law Review (2003):317-45. (co-author with F Ní Aoláin and C Harvey).“Local Meets Global: Transitional Justice in Northern Ireland.” 26(4) Fordham International Law Journal(2003): 871.(co-author with F Ní Aoláin).“Peace and the Laws of War: The Role of International Humanitarian Law in the Post-Conflict Environment.” 82International Review of the Red Cross (2000): 627-52.“The Criminal Justice (United Nations Convention Against Torture) Act 2000 and the Criminal Justice (Safety ofUnited Nations Workers) Act 2000’ 3 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law (2000):529 (co-author with RMurphy)“Two Steps Backwards: The Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998.” Criminal Law Review (1999):941-59.“Ireland: Commentary on The Geneva Conventions (Amendment) Act 1998” 2 Yearbook of International HumanitarianLaw(Asser Institute Correspondent’s Report) (1999): 380 – 383 (co-author with R Murphy).“The International War Crimes Tribunals Act, 1998” Irish Current Law Statutes Annotated(1998): 40-01 – 40-40.(co-author with R Murphy).“Ireland: Chemicals Weapons Act 1997” 1 Netherlands Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law(correspondent’sreports): 460 – 467 (co-author with R Murphy).“The Geneva Conventions (Amendment) Act 1998” Irish Current Law Statutes AnnotatedR. 64 (1998):35-01 - 35-58.(co-author with R Murphy).“Extradition to Northern Ireland: Prospects and Problems” 52 Modern Law Review(1989):585“Irish Extradition Developments” 39 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly(1988): 191.Book Chapters/Other Articles“Northern Ireland: Violent Confl ict and the Resilience of International Law.” In Counter Terror and Human Rights:International Perspectives on National Insecurity, edited by A Brysk and G Shafi r, University of California Press, 2007(forthcoming).“A Useful Model? Emergency and Anti-Terrorist Powers in Northern Ireland.” In The New Islamic Terrorism, editedby A Bradanini: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), 2003. (co-authorwith I Connolly).“Practice to Theory, States of Emergency and Human Rights Protection in Asia.” In Human Rights and Asian Values:Contesting National Identities and Cultural Representations in Asia, edited by M Jacobsen. Curzon Press in associationwith the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies (2000): 249 – 279 (co-author with A McDonald).“A Problematic Peace: The Israeli-Palestinian Process and International Humanitarian Law.” In Nationalism andMinorities in the Middle East: Identities and Rights, edited by C Campbell, K Schulze and M Stokes: IB Taurus, 1996.“Sources of International Human Rights standards and Enforcement Mandates: International Humanitarian Law,International Human Rights Law and United Nations Resolutions.” In International Human Rights Enforcement: theCase of the Occupied Palestinian Territories in the Transition Period, Ramallah: Centre for International Human RightsLaw Enforcement, 1996.43

“Extradition.” In The Anglo-Irish Agreement, Commentary Text and Offi cial Overview edited by T Hadden and K Boyle,Edwin Higel Ltd and Sweet & Maxwell, 1989.“Emergency Law in Northern Ireland: the Context.” In Justice Under Fire edited by A Jennings, Pluto Press, 1stedition 1988, 2nd edition 1990 (co-author with T Hadden and K Boyle).Reports“The Effective Protection of Human Rights: An Introductory Handbook.” Centre for International and ComparativeHuman Rights Law, QUB, Occasional Paper Series No. 6, (1999) (co-author with T Hadden and K Boyle).“The Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998.” Twenty-Fourth Report of the Standing AdvisoryCommission on Human Rights, London: HMSO, 1999:53 – 75“The UN Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women.” In Women’s Rights as Human Rights: A Practical Guide,Centre for International and Comparative Human Rights Law QUB, Occasional Paper No. 2, 1997.“The Draft Criminal Justice (Northern Ireland) Order 1996: Briefi ng Paper for the Standing Advisory Commissionon Human Rights.” In twenty-second Report of the Standing Advisory Commission on Human Rights, London:HMSO 1997: 173 – 183.“Northern Ireland Offi ce Discussion Paper on Committal Proceedings in Northern Ireland.” In Twenty-fi rstReport of Standing Advisory Commission on Human Rights, London: HMSO, 1996: 181 – 189“Frameworks for Human Rights Monitoring in the Israeli-Occupied Territories.” In Towards a Strategy for theEnforcement of Human Rights in the Israeli-Occupied West Bank and Gaza, The Labour Middle East Council and theConservative Middle East Council, 1992.“Human Rights Work in Situations of Armed Confl ict and Political Violence: Case Study No. 2, Northern Ireland.”Santiago, Chile: Signeros Consultores, 1992 (co-author with K Boyle).“A Database on States of Emergency: Report of a Feasibility Study” Centre for International and ComparativeHuman Rights Law, Queen’s University, Belfast,1992 (co-author with T. Hadden and K.S. Venkateswaran)DR PHIL CLARKBooksRebuilding after Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post Confl ict Reconstruction and Reconciliation in Rwanda, 2006 (forthcoming)(co-editor with Z Kaufman).Book Chapters/Other Articles“The Rules (and Politics) of Engagement: Aiming at Truth, Justice, Healing and Reconciliation through Gacaca.” InRebuilding after Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post Confl ict Reconstruction and Reconciliation in Rwanda, edited by PhilClark and Z Kaufman, 2006 (forthcoming).“Key Tensions in Transitional Justice.” In Rebuilding after Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post Confl ict Reconstruction andReconciliation in Rwanda, edited by Phil Clark and Z Kaufman, 2006 (co-author with Z Kaufman).“Interviews with Key Figures in Debates over Post Genocide Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Uganda.”Oxford International Review(2005-2006).“Review of “Accounting for Horror: Post Genocide Debates in Rwanda” by Nigel Eltringham.” African Affairs(2005).“When Killers Go Home: Local Justice in Rwanda.” Dissent (Summer 2005): 21-28.“The Genocide That Never Ended - Understanding Confl ict in the Great Lakes Region of Africa.” Oxford Forum(May 2005).“Hero, Failure or Casualty? - a Peacekeeper’s Experience of Genocide.” Dissent(Spring 2005): 115-21.“Judging Genocide on the Grass.” 3(2) Oxonian Review of Books (2004).“Voices of the Victims.” 3(1) Oxoninan Review of Books (2004).Reports“Doing Justice During Confl ict: The International Criminal Court, Transitional Justice and Reconciliation in theDemocratic Republic of Congo and Uganda.” New York: Open Society Justice Initiative, 2006 (forthcoming).44

ITA CONNOLLYPeer Reviewed Articles‘Making ‘Wars on Terror’? Lessons from Northern Ireland’, Modern Law Review, forthcoming 2006. (co-author withC Campbell)“A Model for the ‘War against Terrorism’? Military Intervention and the 1970 Falls Curfew.” 30 Journal of Law andSociety(2003): 341-75. (co author with C Campbell)Book Chapters/Other Articles“A Useful Model? Emergency and Anti-Terrorist Powers in Northern Ireland.” In The New Islamic Terrorism, editedby A Bradanini: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), 2003. (co-authorwith C Campbell).OtherReview of Cultural Moves: African Americans and the Politics of Representation, edited by Herman S Gray: 6(1) EthnicConfl ict Research Digest, 2006.DR SHANE DARCYBooksTruth Commission and Courts: The Tension between Criminal Prosecutions and the Search for Truth. The Hague: KluwerAcademic Publishers, 2005. (co-editor with W Schabas)Peer Reviewed Articles“What Future for the Doctrine of Belligerent Reprisals?” 5 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law(2002):107.“The Evolution of the Law of Belligerent Reprisals.” 175 Military Law Review (2003): 184.“The Rights of Minorities in States of Emergency.” 9 International Journal on Minority and Group Rights (2002): 345.Book Chapters/Other Articles“An Effective Measure of Bringing Justice? The Joint Criminal Enterprise Doctrine of the International CriminalTribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.” 20 American University International Law Review(2004): 153.“Achieving De Facto Equality between Men and Women: Making the Employment Equality Act, 1998 Work.” 13Irish Law Times (2004): 199.“In the Name of Security: IDF Measures and the Laws of Occupation.” 10 Middle East Policy, no. (4) (2003): 57.“Punitive House Demolitions, the Prohibition of Collective Punishment and the Supreme Court of Israel.” 21 PennState International Law Review(2003): 477.“Demolishing Justice in the West Bank and Gaza: The Israeli Defence Forces’ Ongoing Policy of Punitive HouseDemolitions.” Nottingham Human Rights Law review Student Supplement(2003): 22.“Preventive Detention and Post September 11th Legislation.” 5 Trinity College Law Review(2002): 158.Reports“Israel’s Punitive House Demolition Policy: Collective Punishment in Violation of International Law.” Ramallah:Al-Haq, 2003.45

DR ELVIRA DOMINGUEZ REDONDOBooks‘Los Procedimientos Públicos Especiales de law Comisión de Derechos Humanos De Naciones Unidas’, Tirant loBlanch, 2005Peer Review Articles‘La Comisión de Derechos Humanos a Debate: el procedimiento 1503’ in Revista Iberoamericana de DerechosHumanos, vol. 2, 2006 forthcoming 36pp.“¿Debe desaparecer la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas? [Should the UN Commissionon Human Rights Have Disappeared?] a chapter published in a book by the Jean Monet European Centre ofExcellence, CEU University, Madrid (forthcoming).CLARE DWYERPeer Reviewed Articles“The Complex’ity of Imprisonment: The Northern Ireland Experience.” Cambrian Law Review35 (2004): 97.Reports“An Analysis of Research Conducted with School Children into Children’s Rights in Northern Ireland.” Belfast:Northern Ireland Children’s Commissioner Office, 2005. (co-author).“Children’s Rights in Northern Ireland: Young Persons Report.” Belfast: Northern Ireland Children’s CommissionerOffi ce, 2005. (co-author).“Children’s Rights in Northern Ireland.” Belfast: Northern Ireland Children’s Commissioner Offi ce, 2004. (coauthor).OtherReview of The New Punitiveness: Trends, Theories, Perspectives, edited by J Pratt, D Brown, M Brown, S Hallsworth andW Morrison: 46 British Journal of Criminology(2006)DR JÉRÉMIE GILBERTBooksIndigenous Peoples’ Land Rights under International Law: From Victims to Actors Transnational Publishers-MartinusNijhoff, 2006.Peer Reviewed Articles“Still No Place to Go: Nomadic Peoples’ Territorial Rights in Europe.” 4 European Yearbook on Minority Issues (2006):141-59.“Justice Not Revenge: The International Criminal Court and the ‘Grounds to Exclude Criminal Responsibility’:Defences or Negation of Criminality?” 10 The International Journal of Human Rights (2006).“Self Determination, Indigenous Peoples and Minorities.” 3 Macquarie Law Journal(2003): 155-78 (co-author)Book Chapters/Other Articles“Les Tribunaux Militaires Et Tribunaux D’exceptions En Republique D’irelande.” In Tribunaux Militaires Et TribunauxD’exception: Perspectives Comparees Et Internationales, edited by Elisabeth Lambert-Abdelgawaad, 2006 (forthcoming).(co-author with C Olivier)“The Blur of a Distinction: Adivasis Experience with Land Rights, Self Rule and Autonomy.” In Indigenous Peoples &Human Rights Law, edited by J Castellino and N Walsh: Kluwer, 2005.“The Treatment of Territory of Indigenous Peoples in International Law.” In Title to Territory in International Law,edited by J Castellino and A Stevens: Ashgate, 2003.“Entries on ’The Right to Self Determination’, ‘Cultural Rights’. ‘The Right to Enjoy a Distinct Culture’, and‘Indigenous Peoples’ Rights’.” In The Essential Guide to Human Rights, edited by C Van Den Anker and R Smith:Hodder, 2005.“Environmental Degradation as a Threat to Life: A Question of Justice?” 6 Trinity College Law Review(2003): 81-97.46

“Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Degradation: Human Rights Protection in a Time of Globalisation?”Nottingham Human Rights Law review Student Supplement(2001): 21-30.“Judgement Reserved: The Case of the National Human Rights Commission of India.” States of Insecurity Vol.512(2002).Reports“Mainstreaming Human Rights in Treaties and Agreements between States and Indigenous Peoples’.” WorkingPaper. Geneva: United Nations Expert Seminar on Treaties and other arrangements between States and IndigenousPeoples, 2003.“Galway Anti-Racism Strategy, a Legal Appraisal.” Galway City Partnership, National Campaign Against Racism,2004. (co-author).“Accountability and Impunity: Chasing a Mirage in Jammu and Kashmir - an Assessment of the Ground Situationfrom 1999 to July 2002.” SAHRDC, 2003. (co-author).Other“Le Protocole De Montreal, Le Droit De Dire Non Aux Ogm.” La Lettre, March 2000“No to Slavery: Mauritania Won’t Speak of It.” Human Rights Features (2001).“Wake Up! France Has Minorities.” Opinion - Metro Eireann, December 2005, 8.“La France Et Ses Banlieues: Entre ‘Racialles’ Et Droit Des Minorites.” France Soir2005.DR MICHAEL HAMILTONPeer Reviewed Articles“Freedom of Assembly, Consequential Harms and the Rule of Law: Liberty Limiting Principles in the Context ofTransition.” 27(2) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies (2007 forthcoming).“Deepening Democracy? Dispute System Design and the Mediation of Contested Parades in Northern Ireland.”21 Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution (2006 forthcoming) (co-author with D Bryan).Reports“De-Escalating Parade Disputes in Northern Ireland: Interpreting the European Convention on Human Rights.” InReport of the Democratic Dialogue Freedom of Assembly Working Group. Belfast, 2003.“Meetings and Marches.” In The CAJ Handbook: Civil Liberties in Northern Ireland. Belfast: CAJ, 2003. (co-author).“Working Relationships? An Evaluation of Community Mobile Phone Networks in Northern Ireland.” Belfast:Community Relations Council, 2002.“Parades, Protests and Policing: A Human Rights Framework.” Belfast: Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission,2001. (co-author).“Re-Forming Law Reform in Northern Ireland.” In Research Report 9, Criminal Justice Review Group. London:HMSO, 2000. (co-author).Other“Parade Related Protests: Is It the ‘Taking Part’ That Counts?” Just News (CAJ), August 2005.ANGELA HEGARTYPeer Reviewed Articles“Truth, Law and Offi cial Denial: The Case of Bloody Sunday Criminal Law Forum (2003).‘The Government of Memory: Public Inquiries and the Limits of Justice in Northern Ireland’, 26 Fordham Int’l L. J.871 (2003)“Transforming Justice, Reclaiming the Rule of Law: Legal Transition In Complex Power-Sharing Agreements” in O’Leary,B. and Weller, M (eds) Resolving Self-Determination Disputes Through Complex Power-Sharing Arrangements:Crosscutting Themes,Cambridge University Press/European Centre for Minority Issues47

DR VENKAT IYERBooks (edited)V. Iyer (ed, with A. Goonasekera and C. Hamelink), Cultural Rights in a Global World (Singapore: Eastern UniversitiesPress, 2003);V. Iyer (ed), Media Ethics in Asia: Addressing the Dilemmas of the Information Age (Singapore: AMIC, 2002)Articles in Journals/Chapters in BooksV. Iyer, “Courts and Constitutional Usurpers: Some Lessons from Fiji”, (2005) 28: 1 Dalhousie Law Journal, 27-68;V. Iyer, “Restoration Constitutionalism in the South Pacific”, (2006) 15:1 Pacifi c Rim Law & Policy Journal, 39-72;V. Iyer, “Recent Developments in Intellectual Property and their Relevance to Asia” in A. Goonasekera, C.W. Leeand S. Venkatraman (ed), Asian Communication Handbook 2003 (Singapore: AMIC, 2003), pp. 370-77;V. Iyer, “Terrorism and the Media: Is Self-Regulation the Answer?” in S. Venkatraman (ed), Media in a TerrorisedWorld (Singapore: Eastern Universities Press, 2004), pp. 106-19;V. Iyer, “TRIPs and WTO: Effects on Individual Artists and Creativity” in A. Goonasekera, C. Hamelink and V. Iyer(ed), Cultural Rights in a Global World (Singapore: Eastern Universities Press, 2003), pp. 81-94;V. Iyer, “States of Emergency, Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law” in V.S. Mani (ed), InternationalHumanitarian Law and South Asia (New Delhi: UNESCO, 2003);V. Iyer, “Freedom of Information: Some Lessons from the Commonwealth” in S.P. Sathe and Sathya Narayan (ed),Liberty, Equality and Justice (Lucknow: EBC Publishing, 2003), pp. 59-82;V. Iyer, “Securing Media Freedom in a Democratic Burma: Some Refl ections” in (2003) 15 Legal Issues on BurmaJournal 86-93;V. Iyer, “The Importance of Judicial Review” in (2002) XXXI:4 Insaf (Journal of the Bar Council of Malaysia) 60-60-67;V. Iyer, “Media in Divided Societies: The Challenges” in (2002) 29:3 Media Asia 168-171;V. Iyer, “Media Ethics: Obedience to the Unenforceable” in V. Iyer (ed), Media Ethics in Asia: Addressing the Dilemmasof the Information Age (Singapore: AMIC, 2002).GRAINNE MCKEEVERPeer Reviewed Articles“Thinking Globally, Acting Locally: Enforcing Socio-Economic Rights in Northern Ireland”, European Human RightsLaw Review, 2 (158) (2004) (co-author F. Ní Aoláin)“Social Security as a Criminal Sanction”, 26(1), Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 1-16 (2004)“Enforcing Social and Economic Rights at the Domestic Level - A Proposal in Poverty: Rights, Social Citizenship andGovernance”, in University of British Columbia Press (2006)DR EUGENE MCNAMEEPeer Reviewed Articles“Once more unto the breach: Branagh’s Henry V, Blair’s war and the UK Constitution” in Leslie J Moran et al, eds,Law’s Moving Image (Cavendish Publishing, 2004)“The government of the tongue”. 14 Law & Literature 427-461 (2002).“Girls and Boys”, Law and Critique, 15: 25-43, 200448

PROFESSOR FIONNUALA NÍ AOLÁINBooksLaw in Times of Crisis - Emergency Powers in the Theoretical and Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 2006. (co-author)The Politics of Force - Confl ict Management and State Violence in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 2000.Ni Aolain, F., Weissbrodt D. Fitzpatrick, J, and Neuman. International Human Rights: Law, Policy and Process: AndersonPublishing, 2007.Peer Reviewed Articles“Political Violence and Gender in Times of Transition” 15 Columbia Journal of Gender and the Law829 (2006)“The Paradox of Transition in Confl icted Democracies.” 27 Human Rights Quarterly (2005): 172. (co-author withC Campbell)“Thinking Globally, Acting Locally: Enforcing Socio-Economic Rights in Northern Ireland.” European Human RightsLaw Review (2004): 158-180. (co-author with G McKeever)“Looking Ahead: Strategic Priorities and Challenges for the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.”35(3) Columbia Human Rights Review(2004).“The Frontiers of Legal Analysis: Re-Framing the Transition in Northern Ireland.” 66 Modern Law Review(2003):317-45. (co-author with C Campbell and C Harvey).“Local Meets Global - Transitional Justice in Northern Ireland.” 24 Fordham International Law Journal(2003): 1201-23 (co-author with C Campbell).“Balancing Human Rights: International Legal Responses to Terrorism in the Wake of September 11th.” IsraelYearbook of Human Rights (2003).“Truth Telling, Accountability and the Right to Life.” 5 European Human Rights Law Review(2002): 572-90“From Discretion to Scrutiny: Revisiting the Application of the Margin of Appreciation Doctrine in the Contextof Article 15 of the European Convention of Human Rights.” 23 Human Rights Quarterly (2001). (co-author withO Gross)“Emergency, War and International Law- Another Perspective” 70 Nordic Journal of International Law29-63 (coauthorwith O Gross)“The Evolving Jurisprudence of the European Convention Concerning the Rights to Life.” 19 Netherlands Quarterlyof Human Rights (2001): 21-42.“Rethinking the Concept of Harm and Legal Categorizations of Sexual Violence During War.” 1 Theoretical Inquiriesin Law(2000): 305.“Sexual Violence During the Holocaust - a Re-Evaluation of Harms and Rights in International Law.” 12 Yale Journalof Law and Feminism (2000): 43“The Relationship between Situations of Emergency and Low Intensity Confl ict.” 23 Israeli Yearbook of HumanRights (1998): 97.“The Fractured Soul of the Dayton Peace Agreement: A Legal Analysis.” 19 Michigan Journal of International Law(1998): 957“Beyond the Laws of War: Peacekeeping in Search of Legal Framework.” 27 Columbia Human Rights Law Review(1996): 293.“Radical Rules: The Effects of Evidential and Procedural Rules on the Regulation of Sexual Violence in War.” 60Albany Law Review(1997): 883.“The Fortifi cation of an Emergency Regime.” 59 Albany Law Review(1996): 1353.“Where Hope and History Rhyme - Prospects for Peace in Northern Ireland.” 50 Columbia Journal of InternationalAffairs (1996).“The Emergence of Diversity - Differences in Human Rights Jurisprudence.” 19 Fordham International Law Journal(1995).49

Book Chapters/Other Articles“The Individual Right of Access to Justice in Times of Emergency, Armed Confl ict and Terrorism.” In The Right ofAccess to Justice, 2006 (forthcoming)“Rights after the Revolution: Progress of Backslide after the Good Friday Agreement.” In Human Rights Advocatesand Confl ict Resolvers, 2006 (forthcoming).“Enforcing Social and Economic Rights at the Domestic Level - a Proposal.” In Poverty: Rights, Social Citizenship andGovernance: University of British Columbia Press, 2005. (co-author with G McKeever).“To Know Where We Are Going We Need to Know Where We Are: Revisiting States of Emergency.” In A HumanRights Agenda for the Twenty First Century, 1998. (co-author with O Gross)OtherReview of Unfi nished Business: State Killings and the Quest for Truth, by B Rolston: 28 Journal of Law and Society 311(2001)MARY O’RAWEPeer Reviewed Articles“Human Rights and Police Training in Transitional Societies: Exporting the Lessons from Northern Ireland.” 27(3)Human Rights Quarterly(2005).“Transitional Policing Arrangements in Northern Ireland: The Can’t and Won’t of the Change Dialectic.” 26(4)Fordham International Law Journal(2003): 1015-73.Book Chapters/Other Articles“Police Complaints in Northern Ireland.” In Civil Liberties in Northern Ireland, edited by Brice Dickson and MO’Brien. Belfast: CAJ, 2003.“A New Beginning for Policing in Northern Ireland?” In Human Rights, Equality and Democratic Renewal in NorthernIreland, edited by Colin Harvey, (co-authored with Dr Linda Moore). Oxford: Hart, 2001 (co author with LMoore).“Accountability and Police Complaints in Northern Ireland: Leaving the Past Behind?” In Civilian Oversight of Policing:Governance, Democracy and Human Rights, edited by A Goldsmith and C. Lewis, Oxford: Hart, 2000 (co author withL Moore).“The United Nations: Structure Versus Substance - Lessons from the Principal Treaties and Covenants.” In HumanRights - an Agenda for the 21st Century, edited by A Hegarty and S Leonard: Cavendish, 1999.Reports“Justice and Human Rights.” In Recognition and Reckoning: The Way Ahead on Victims’ Issues, edited by B Hamberand R Wilson. Belfast: Democratic Dialogue, 2003.“Human Rights in Police Training: Report 4 - Course for All.” Belfast: Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission,2004. (co-author).ADRIENNE REILLYBook Chapter“Slavery Legislation Vs Traffi cking Legislation in Prosecuting the Crime of Female Sexual Slavery: The InternationalLaw Perspective.” In Traffi cking and Women’s Rights, edited by C Van Den Anker and J Doomernik: Palgrave Macmillan,2006.50

PROFESSOR BILL ROLSTON“Demobilisation and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants: The Irish Case in International Perspective”, Social and LegalStudies, forthcoming Spring 07.“Dealing with the Past: Pro-State Paramilitaries, Truth and Transition in Northern Ireland” Human Rights Quarterly,Volume 28, Number 3, August 2006, pp. 652-675‘‘An Effective Mask for Terror’: Democracy, Death Squads and Northern Ireland”, Crime, Law and Social Change,(forthcoming 2006)“In the Full Glare of English Politics: Ireland, Inquiries and the British State”, British Journal of Criminology2005 45(4):547-564.“Assembling the Jigsaw: truth, justice and reconciliation in the North of Ireland”, Race and Class, 2002.EILISH ROONEY“Women’s Equality in Northern Ireland’s Transition: Intersectionality in Theory and Place”, Feminist Legal Studies,14 (3), 2006.DR KIRK SIMPSONPeer Reviewed Articles“Changing Relationships in the Irish Borderlands”“Citizenship Education in Northern Ireland: A Habermasian Perspective.” 9(1) Citizenship Studies (2005): 73-88(co-author with P Daly).“Politics and Education in Northern Ireland.” 12(2) Irish Studies Review: 163-74. (co-author with P Daly).ANNE SMITHPeer Reviewed Articles“The Unique Position of National Human Rights Institutions: A Mixed Blessing?” Human Rights Quarterly(2006).“The Drafting Process of a Bill of Rights for Northern Ireland.” Public Law(2004): 526.“Access to Intervene: The Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission and the Northern Ireland Act 1998.”European Human Rights Law Review4 (2003): 423.Reports“Evaluating the Effectiveness of National Human Rights Institutions: The Northern Ireland Human RightsCommission, with Comparisons from South Africa.” 2005. (co-author).Other“Building Equality and Social Justice through Constitutional Provisions: Equality Mainstreaming and the Bill ofRights in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.” Equality and Social Inclusion in Ireland Project, Working Paper No.15, 2006. (co-author).51

ANNEX 1I: TJI STRAGETIC PLAN 2006-2008IntroductionThe TJI aims to produce academic research of international excellence which, it is hoped, may signifi cantly infl uencepolicy.The TJI aims to examine transitional justice and the ways in which law and legal institutions assist (or not) the movefrom confl ict to peace. This includes examination of new legal and political institutions as well as mechanisms forengaging with the past. Underpinning the research agenda of the TJI is the assumption that the role of law in situationsof transition is different from that in other times (though whether this difference is in kind or merely in degree is itselfan important theoretical issue to be addressed as part of its agenda). Rather than being pro-active, prospective andrelated to well established notions or order, stability and community, the role of law in transitional situations is a lessunderstood role of assisting in the transition from a situation of confl ict to one of peace (perhaps better understood asnon-violent confl ict). While research is beginning to acknowledge this, further research is needed to both expand thisunderstanding and to move beyond the descriptive, to policy suggestions for the future.The Aims of the Transitional Justice InstituteThe creation of a Transitional Justice Institute aims to enable research of the highest international standard to befurther developed in Northern Ireland. It provides an identifi able base, both physically and in the form of a communityof researchers, from which to develop and attract international scholars and liaise with policy makers in local andinternational institutions. It will play a key role in taking legal research in Northern Ireland to the centre of internationalstages.The aims of the Institute are:• To build a theoretical and practical understanding of the role of ‘transitional justice’, and the underlying relationshipbetween justice and peace;• To examine the role of the international and domestic legal systems and institutions in facilitating transition fromconfl ict;• To make links between the experience of Northern Ireland and international experience, so as to benefi t bothNorthern Ireland and other contexts;• To inform policy makers involved in peacemaking in local and international institutions; and• To fi ll the existing gap of analysis which exists in relation to gendered experiences of transition.The Institute has established authoritative analysis of rapidly developing legal controversies in Northern Ireland for thebenefi t of a global audience, and also brings comparative experiences and international infl uences into the NorthernIrish debate. It is building an ‘active research’ model, where engagement with institutions, policy-makers and communities(internationally and locally) generates research, and research generates engagement. Establishing such an Institute inNorthern Ireland is enabling transitional justice research in a society experiencing a transition, but which has thenecessary academic research infrastructure to inform and refl ect on the process of transition itself. Northern Ireland isalso a devolved region of a western liberal democracy. This distinctive straddling of the categories of ‘confl ict/transitionalsociety’ and ‘western democracy’ make Northern Ireland the ideal place to develop research on the extent to which thedilemmas and solutions of ‘transitional justice’ have a currency as regards social change in less dramatic circumstances.With respect to other transitional societies, the example of Northern Ireland is useful when considering how issuesand processes vary in different contexts. The Institute’s research agenda (below) therefore is relevant to processes ofdemocratic renewal wherever they take place.The Transitional Justice Institute (TJI) was established in June 2003, following a £4.2 million grant under the SupportProgramme for University Research II.52

Research AgendaIn addition to developing the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of the notion of ‘transitional justice’, the TJI’sresearch agenda is grouped under five areas:1. Conflict and LawResearch in this area addresses the relationship between law and conflict prevention, management and transformation.2. Transformation of Political Participation and InstitutionsResearch in this area examines the relationship between political accommodation and minority rights, the relationshipbetween political institutions and law more generally; and how civil society organization and notions of ‘participatorydemocracy’ play out in the transitional setting.3. Transformation of Legal InstitutionsResearch in this area addresses the issue of rule of law and reform of legal institutions.4. Dealing with the PastResearch in this area addresses existing mechanisms for dealing with the past, and their critiques (both theoretical andpractical), with a view to making policy suggestions for domestic and international audiences.5. Gender, Conflict and TransitionResearch in this area aims to examine the gender dynamics of transition. Research in this area is focused on twocomplementary elements. First, specifi c research on the relationship of women to war, peacemaking and peace-building,aimed at informing the study of transitional justice generally. Second, by ensuring that research in other areas havegender analysis integrated into their formation and delivery.Strategic ObjectivesThe TJI will seek to further its research agenda through a number of strategic objectives.2006-2007• To continue to develop the core research of the TJI• To continue to develop multi-disciplinary research• To continue to meet the concrete publication and other targets identified in the original funding bid (Appendix)• To continue to support staff and associate researchers to develop the TJI research agenda through the TJI’s researchsupport mechanisms• To continue to develop the infrastructure of the TJI by creating new administrative support mechanisms• To continue to work towards an improved RAE rating in the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise, by supportingresearch and using appropriate external review• To further develop the LL.M. as a flagship programme.• To explore the possibility of a dedicated TJI publication vehicle• To continue to address the sustainability of the TJI• To facilitate an external review of the operation of the TJI• To seek to minimise administrative burdens, generally and in particular, on key researchers2007-2008In addition to continuing to deliver on the above objectives to:• Prepare a law submission for the Research Assessment Exercise• To ensure the requisite University support for the TJI subsequent on the conclusion of external funding.53

Management StructuresThe institutional architecture of the Institute is as follows:The Directorship of the Institute will be held throughout the four year period by one of the Law Professors, althoughmore than one Directorship may take place within the four year period. S/he will have responsibility for the day-to-dayrunning of the Institute; for organizing meetings and implementing decisions of the Coordination and Advisory Boards;for ensuring that University reporting requirements are met; and for preparing an annual report.A Coordination Committee, consisting of the key Law professors will meet on a regular basis. This will be the primarymechanism whereby a coherent and integrated agenda will be delivered. The Board will have responsibility for preparationof strategic plans; for overseeing the implementation of the plan; for the award of Transitional Justice Fellowships,Associate membership of the TJI, Visiting Fellowships, research studentships and Transitional Justice Scholarships; and fororganizing international external reviews of the Institute’s operation.An External Board, consisting of four leading academics will meet annually, and comment on strategic development, adviseon the strategic plan for the Institute; comment on the reports from the external reviews in years 2 and 4; commenton the Director’s annual reports; and provide advice, individually and collective, on an on-going basis in relation to theoperation of the Institute.A Post-graduate Forum is to take place annually in order to give institutional expression to the work of post-graduatestudents attached to the Institute.External Review. In years 2 and 4 of the Institute’s operation, external reviews of the work of the Institute will becommissioned. The purpose of the reviews will be to assess the extent to which the Institute has met the objectivesspecifi ed herein and the targets set out in the strategic plan and to make recommendations for enhancing the work ofthe Institute. The reports arising from the reviews will be submitted to the funders, to the External Board, and to theUniversity. It will be the responsibility of the Coordination Committee in conjunction with the Director to ensure thatappropriate follow-up action is taken, in order to enhance the reputation of the Institute as a site of internationallyexcellent scholarship.SustainabilitySustainability will be addressed through the TJI management board, and also through discussions at the School andFaculty level.54