Novel genetic and epigenetic alterations in ... - Ous-research.no
Novel genetic and epigenetic alterations in ... - Ous-research.no Novel genetic and epigenetic alterations in ... - Ous-research.no
REFERENCES1. Breasted J (1930) The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus. University of ChicagoPress, Chicago,2. Levy S, Sutton G, Ng PC, Feuk L, Halpern AL, Walenz BP, Axelrod N, Huang J,Kirkness EF, Denisov G, Lin Y, MacDonald JR, Pang AW, Shago M, Stockwell TB,Tsiamouri A, Bafna V, Bansal V, Kravitz SA, Busam DA, Beeson KY, McIntosh TC,Remington KA, Abril JF, Gill J, Borman J, Rogers YH, Frazier ME, Scherer SW,Strausberg RL, Venter JC (2007) The diploid genome sequence of an individualhuman. PLoS Biol 5(10): e2543. Wheeler DA, Srinivasan M, Egholm M, Shen Y, Chen L, McGuire A, He W, ChenYJ, Makhijani V, Roth GT, Gomes X, Tartaro K, Niazi F, Turcotte CL, Irzyk GP,Lupski JR, Chinault C, Song XZ, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Nazareth L, Qin X, Muzny DM,Margulies M, Weinstock GM, Gibbs RA, Rothberg JM (2008) The completegenome of an individual by massively parallel DNA sequencing. Nature452(7189): 872-8764. Mendel G (1866) Versuche über Plflanzen-hybriden. Verhandlungen desnaturforschenden Vereines in Brünn. pp 3-475. Hershey AD, Chase M (1952) Independent functions of viral protein and nucleicacid in growth of bacteriophage. J Gen Physiol 36(1): 39-566. Watson JD, Crick FH (1953) Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure fordeoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 171(4356): 737-7387. Suter CM, Martin DI, Ward RL (2004) Germline epimutation of MLH1 inindividuals with multiple cancers. Nat Genet 36(5): 497-5018. Li E (2002) Chromatin modification and epigenetic reprogramming inmammalian development. Nat Rev Genet 3(9): 662-6739. Funk JO (1999) Cancer cell cycle control. Anticancer Res 19(6A): 4772-478010. Rajagopalan H, Nowak MA, Vogelstein B, Lengauer C (2003) The significance ofunstable chromosomes in colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 3(9): 695-70111. Nowell PC (1976) The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. Science194(4260): 23-2812. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2000) The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100(1): 57-7013. Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (2004) Cancer genes and the pathways they control.Nat Med 10(8): 789-79968
References14. Grady WM, Carethers JM (2008) Genomic and Epigenetic Instability inColorectal Cancer Pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 135(4): 1079-109915. Jones PA, Baylin SB (2002) The fundamental role of epigenetic events in cancer.Nat Rev Genet 3(6): 415-42816. Feinberg AP, Vogelstein B (1983) Hypomethylation of ras oncogenes in primaryhuman cancers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 111(1): 47-5417. Esteller M (2008) Epigenetics in cancer. N Engl J Med 358(11): 1148-115918. Dahl C, Ralfkiaer U, Guldberg P (2006) Methods for detection of subtlemutations in cancer genomes. Crit Rev Oncog 12(1-2): 41-7419. Hiller M, Platzer M (2008) Widespread and subtle: alternative splicing at shortdistancetandem sites. Trends Genet 24(5): 246-25520. Darwin CR (1859) On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or thepreservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.21. International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (2004) Finishing theeuchromatic sequence of the human genome. Nature 431(7011): 931-94522. Futreal PA, Coin L, Marshall M, Down T, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Rahman N,Stratton MR (2004) A census of human cancer genes. Nat Rev Cancer 4(3): 177-18323. Hotchkiss RD (1948) The quantitative separation of purines, pyrimidines, andnucleosides by paper chromatography. J Biol Chem 175(1): 315-33224. Coulondre C, Miller JH, Farabaugh PJ, Gilbert W (1978) Molecular basis of basesubstitution hotspots in Escherichia coli. Nature 274(5673): 775-78025. Shi H, Wang MX, Caldwell CW (2007) CpG islands: their potential asbiomarkers for cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 7(5): 519-53126. Goll MG, Bestor TH (2005) Eukaryotic cytosine methyltransferases. Annu RevBiochem 74:481-514. 481-51427. Chan TL, Yuen ST, Kong CK, Chan YW, Chan AS, Ng WF, Tsui WY, Lo MW,Tam WY, Li VS, Leung SY (2006) Heritable germline epimutation of MSH2 in afamily with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 38(10): 1178-118328. Hitchins MP, Wong JJ, Suthers G, Suter CM, Martin DI, Hawkins NJ, Ward RL(2007) Inheritance of a cancer-associated MLH1 germ-line epimutation. NEngl J Med 356(7): 697-70569
- Page 18 and 19: IntroductionDNA is most of the time
- Page 20 and 21: IntroductionFigure 5. DNA methylati
- Page 22 and 23: IntroductionFigure 6. Incidence rat
- Page 24 and 25: IntroductionFigure 8. Tumor staging
- Page 26 and 27: Introductioninasmuch as 80% of colo
- Page 28 and 29: IntroductionInstabilities involved
- Page 30 and 31: Introductionthere seems to be a fid
- Page 32 and 33: Introductionsevere alterations are
- Page 34 and 35: Introductionpopulation-wide screeni
- Page 36 and 37: IntroductionFigure 12. Present and
- Page 38 and 39: RESULTS IN BRIEFPaper Ia. “DNA hy
- Page 40 and 41: Results in Briefinstability, and se
- Page 42 and 43: Results in BriefUnivariate survival
- Page 44 and 45: Discussionseveral factors, and full
- Page 46 and 47: Discussionlow threshold, we increas
- Page 48 and 49: DiscussionIt may seem like unnecess
- Page 50 and 51: Discussionthan 96% DHPLC do not sta
- Page 52 and 53: DiscussionFigure 13. Mutation detec
- Page 54 and 55: DiscussionClinical impact of molecu
- Page 56 and 57: Discussionmarkers with a very high
- Page 58 and 59: Discussionchromosomes in metaphase[
- Page 60 and 61: DiscussionThese examples underline
- Page 62 and 63: Discussiongenes. One is based on mu
- Page 64 and 65: CONCLUSIONSWe have identified novel
- Page 66 and 67: Future PerspectivesMolecular risk a
- Page 70 and 71: References29. Deng G, Chen A, Pong
- Page 72 and 73: References57. Al-Sukhni W, Aronson
- Page 74 and 75: References84. Kunkel TA (1993) Nucl
- Page 76 and 77: ReferencesLeggett B, Levine J, Kim
- Page 78 and 79: References133. Lind GE, Thorstensen
- Page 80 and 81: References156. Meling GI, Lothe RA,
- Page 82 and 83: ReferencesT, Song X, Day RH, Sledzi
- Page 84 and 85: References196. Honda S, Haruta M, S
- Page 86 and 87: ORIGINAL ARTICLESAPPENDIXAppendix I
- Page 89 and 90: GASTROENTEROLOGY 2007;132:1631-1639
- Page 91: Paper IbGuro E Lind, Terje Ahlquist
- Page 94 and 95: Journal of Translational Medicine 2
- Page 96 and 97: Journal of Translational Medicine 2
- Page 98 and 99: Journal of Translational Medicine 2
- Page 100 and 101: Journal of Translational Medicine 2
- Page 102 and 103: Journal of Translational Medicine 2
- Page 105: Paper IITerje Ahlquist, Guro E Lind
- Page 108 and 109: BackgroundMost cases of colorectal
- Page 110 and 111: ADAMTS1 CDKN2A CRABP1 HOXA9 MAL MGM
- Page 112 and 113: pseudogene, leading to a high rate
- Page 114 and 115: strands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1
- Page 116 and 117: concomitant absence of transcript a
REFERENCES1. Breasted J (1930) The Edw<strong>in</strong> Smith Surgical Papyrus. University of ChicagoPress, Chicago,2. Levy S, Sutton G, Ng PC, Feuk L, Halpern AL, Walenz BP, Axelrod N, Huang J,Kirkness EF, Denisov G, L<strong>in</strong> Y, MacDonald JR, Pang AW, Shago M, Stockwell TB,Tsiamouri A, Bafna V, Bansal V, Kravitz SA, Busam DA, Beeson KY, McIntosh TC,Rem<strong>in</strong>gton KA, Abril JF, Gill J, Borman J, Rogers YH, Frazier ME, Scherer SW,Strausberg RL, Venter JC (2007) The diploid ge<strong>no</strong>me sequence of an <strong>in</strong>dividualhuman. PLoS Biol 5(10): e2543. Wheeler DA, Sr<strong>in</strong>ivasan M, Egholm M, Shen Y, Chen L, McGuire A, He W, ChenYJ, Makhijani V, Roth GT, Gomes X, Tartaro K, Niazi F, Turcotte CL, Irzyk GP,Lupski JR, Ch<strong>in</strong>ault C, Song XZ, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Nazareth L, Q<strong>in</strong> X, Muzny DM,Margulies M, We<strong>in</strong>stock GM, Gibbs RA, Rothberg JM (2008) The completege<strong>no</strong>me of an <strong>in</strong>dividual by massively parallel DNA sequenc<strong>in</strong>g. Nature452(7189): 872-8764. Mendel G (1866) Versuche über Plflanzen-hybriden. Verh<strong>and</strong>lungen desnaturforschenden Vere<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong> Brünn. pp 3-475. Hershey AD, Chase M (1952) Independent functions of viral prote<strong>in</strong> <strong>and</strong> nucleicacid <strong>in</strong> growth of bacteriophage. J Gen Physiol 36(1): 39-566. Watson JD, Crick FH (1953) Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure fordeoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 171(4356): 737-7387. Suter CM, Mart<strong>in</strong> DI, Ward RL (2004) Germl<strong>in</strong>e epimutation of MLH1 <strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>dividuals with multiple cancers. Nat Genet 36(5): 497-5018. Li E (2002) Chromat<strong>in</strong> modification <strong>and</strong> epi<strong>genetic</strong> reprogramm<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>mammalian development. Nat Rev Genet 3(9): 662-6739. Funk JO (1999) Cancer cell cycle control. Anticancer Res 19(6A): 4772-478010. Rajagopalan H, Nowak MA, Vogelste<strong>in</strong> B, Lengauer C (2003) The significance ofunstable chromosomes <strong>in</strong> colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 3(9): 695-70111. Nowell PC (1976) The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. Science194(4260): 23-2812. Hanahan D, We<strong>in</strong>berg RA (2000) The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100(1): 57-7013. Vogelste<strong>in</strong> B, K<strong>in</strong>zler KW (2004) Cancer genes <strong>and</strong> the pathways they control.Nat Med 10(8): 789-79968
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