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Amortization of deferred sales commissions decreased in fiscal year 2009 mainly due to lower productsales with up-front commissions, primarily related to U.S. funds. Amortization of deferred salescommissions increased in fiscal year 2008 mainly due to higher product sales with up-front commissions,primarily related to U.S. and Canadian funds.Other Operating ExpensesOther operating expenses primarily consist of professional fees, fund administration services andshareholder servicing fees payable to external parties, corporate travel and entertainment, and othermiscellaneous expenses.Other operating expenses decreased in fiscal year 2009 primarily due to a $17.4 million decline in fundadministration services and shareholder servicing fees payable to external parties, which resulted fromlower average assets under management, and a $16.4 million decrease in corporate travel and entertainmentexpenses resulting from our cost reduction initiatives.Other operating expenses decreased in fiscal year 2008 primarily due to a $19.6 million decrease inlitigation costs and an $11.8 million decline in consulting and professional fees.Other Income (Expenses)Other income (expenses) consisted of the following:(in millions)for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2009 2008 2007Consolidated sponsored investment products gains (losses), net ............... $21.7 $ (71.6) $ 57.7Investment and other income, net ....................................... 60.6 224.9 363.3Interest expense ..................................................... (3.8) (15.7) (23.2)Other income, net .............................................. $78.5 $137.6 $397.8Other income (expenses) includes net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) on consolidatedsponsored investment products, investment and other income, net and interest expense from our investmentmanagement and related services business. Investment and other income, net is comprised primarily ofincome related to our investments, including interest and dividend income, realized gains and losses on saleof and other-than-temporary impairments of available-for-sale investment securities, income from equitymethod investees, and foreign currency exchange gains and losses.Other income (expenses) decreased 43% in fiscal year 2009 primarily due to lower investmentvaluations during the first half of the year. The significant decline in interest rates and the global marketdownturn resulted in a $68.5 million decrease in interest income, a $49.2 million increase in other-thantemporaryimpairments on available-for-sale investment securities, a $26.7 million decline in net realizedgains on sale of available-for-sale investment securities, and a $10.6 million decline in income from equitymethod investees. These decreases were partially offset by a $93.3 million increase in net gains fromsecurities held by our consolidated sponsored investment products, resulting from improved marketconditions during the second half of the fiscal year.Other income (expenses) decreased 65% in fiscal year 2008 primarily due to $129.2 million in netlosses recognized by our consolidated sponsored investment products, driven mainly by market valuedeclines in equity products, as compared to net gains in the prior fiscal year. Net realized gains on sale ofinvestment securities, available-for-sale declined $58.3 million, income from equity method investeesdeclined $35.2 million, interest income declined $33.0 million and dividend income declined $29.1 millionprimarily due to unfavorable market conditions.47