Network Working Group R. Fielding Request for Comments: 2616 ...

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The HTTP protocol has evolved considerably over the years. It hasbenefited from a large and active developer community--the manypeople who have participated on the www-talk mailing list--and it isthat community which has been most responsible for the success ofHTTP and of the World-Wide Web in general. Marc Andreessen, RobertCailliau, Daniel W. Connolly, Bob Denny, John Franks, Jean-FrancoisGroff, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker, Hakon W. Lie, Ari Luotonen, RobMcCool, Lou Montulli, Dave Raggett, Tony Sanders, and MarcVanHeyningen deserve special recognition for their efforts indefining early aspects of the protocol.This document has benefited greatly from the comments of all thoseparticipating in the HTTP-WG. In addition to those already mentioned,the following individuals have contributed to this specification:Fielding, et al. Standards Track [Page 156]RFC 2616 HTTP/1.1 June 1999Gary AdamsRoss PattersonHarald Tveit Alvestrand Albert LundeKeith BallJohn C. MalleryBrian Behlendorf Jean-Philippe Martin-FlatinPaul Burchard MitraMaurizio Codogno David MorrisMike Cowlishaw Gavin NicolRoman Czyborra Bill PerryMichael A. Dolan Jeffrey PerryDavid J. Fiander Scott PowersAlan FreierOwen ReesMarc Hedlund Luigi RizzoGreg Herlihy David RobinsonKoen Holtman Marc SalomonAlex Hopmann Rich SalzBob Jernigan Allan M. SchiffmanShel KaphanJim SeidmanRohit KhareChuck ShottonJohn Klensin Eric W. SinkMartijn Koster Simon E. SperoAlexei Kosut Richard N. TaylorDavid M. Kristol Robert S. ThauDaniel LaLiberte Bill (BearHeart) WeinmanBen LaurieFrancois YergeauPaul J. Leach Mary Ellen ZurkoDaniel DuBois Josh CohenMuch of the content and presentation of the caching design is due to
suggestions and comments from individuals including: Shel Kaphan,Paul Leach, Koen Holtman, David Morris, and Larry Masinter.Most of the specification of ranges is based on work originally doneby Ari Luotonen and John Franks, with additional input from SteveZilles.Thanks to the "cave men" of Palo Alto. You know who you are.Jim Gettys (the current editor of this document) wishes particularlyto thank Roy Fielding, the previous editor of this document, alongwith John Klensin, Jeff Mogul, Paul Leach, Dave Kristol, KoenHoltman, John Franks, Josh Cohen, Alex Hopmann, Scott Lawrence, andLarry Masinter for their help. And thanks go particularly to JeffMogul and Scott Lawrence for performing the "MUST/MAY/SHOULD" audit.Fielding, et al. Standards Track [Page 157]RFC 2616 HTTP/1.1 June 1999The Apache Group, Anselm Baird-Smith, author of Jigsaw, and HenrikFrystyk implemented RFC 2068 early, and we wish to thank them for thediscovery of many of the problems that this document attempts torectify.17 References[1] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages", RFC1766, March 1995.[2] Anklesaria, F., McCahill, M., Lindner, P., Johnson, D., Torrey,D. and B. Alberti, "The Internet Gopher Protocol (a distributeddocument search and retrieval protocol)", RFC 1436, March 1993.[3] Berners-Lee, T., "Universal Resource Identifiers in WWW", RFC1630, June 1994.[4] Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L. and M. McCahill, "Uniform ResourceLocators (URL)", RFC 1738, December 1994.[5] Berners-Lee, T. and D. Connolly, "Hypertext Markup Language -2.0", RFC 1866, November 1995.[6] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R. and H. Frystyk, "Hypertext Transfer
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eferred to as "HTTP/1.1", and is an
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12.1 Server-driven Negotiation ....
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14.40 Trailer .....................
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1.2 RequirementsThe key words "MUST
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Fielding, et al. Standards Track [P
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equest chain ----------------------
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Elements separated by a bar ("|") a
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HTTP/1.1 header field values can be
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An application that sends a request
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3.2.3 URI ComparisonWhen comparing
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is not desirable and is discouraged
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CRLFchunk = chunk-size [ chunk-exte
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When in canonical form, media subty
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3.9 Quality ValuesHTTP content nego
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RFC 2616 HTTP/1.1 June 1999HTTP/1.1
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message-body = entity-body| Transfe
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in advance.Messages MUST NOT includ
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equested resource, and 501 (Not Imp
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names) MUST use the following rules
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values for the first digit:- 1xx: I
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how the transfer-length of a messag
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connection-token close.If either th
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idempotent (see section 9.1.2). Non
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compatibility with RFC 2068, a serv
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If at any point an error status is
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optional features implemented by th
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- Extending a database through an a
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intervention (or other means) on th
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10.1.2 101 Switching ProtocolsThe s
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esponse MAY include new or updated
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The response MUST include the follo
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If the client is sending data, a se
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If the response could be unacceptab
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10.4.15 414 Request-URI Too LongThe
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10.5.5 504 Gateway TimeoutThe serve
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Caching would be useless if it did
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Warning (but without removing any e
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If the user has overridden the basi
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in the past. This means that the re
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RFC 2616 HTTP/1.1 June 1999the time
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simple:response_is_fresh = (freshne
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match.In HTTP/1.1, a conditional re
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validators or strong validators. Cl
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- MAY send a weak entity tag instea
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Unless specifically constrained by
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warn-code 1xx, which are deleted ev
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for the associated entity, its enti
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- DELETE- POSTIn order to prevent d
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The Accept request-header field can
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image/jpeg = 0.5text/html;level=2 =
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Note: If the request does not inclu
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Accept-Ranges: bytesbut are not req
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containing an Authorization field,
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- Restrictions on what may be store
Page 122 and 123: improve privacy in some cases, we c
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Page 126 and 127: must-revalidateBecause a cache MAY
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Page 132 and 133: 14.14 Content-LocationThe Content-L
Page 134 and 135: Note: while the definition of Conte
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Page 138 and 139: Some origin server implementations
Page 140 and 141: Expires = "Expires" ":" HTTP-dateAn
Page 142 and 143: A client MUST include a Host header
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Page 146 and 147: RFC 2616 HTTP/1.1 June 1999If none
Page 148 and 149: 14.29 Last-ModifiedThe Last-Modifie
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Page 154 and 155: Content) instead of 200 (OK).- The
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Page 164 and 165: this user agent behavior in mind.Re
Page 166 and 167: designers and implementors be parti
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Page 174 and 175: Protocol -- HTTP/1.0", RFC 1945, Ma
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Page 182 and 183: Notes:1) Additional CRLFs may prece
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Page 186 and 187: ead chunk-size and CRLF}read entity
Page 188 and 189: - understand any valid response in
Page 190 and 191: CREATE had a race that required an
Page 192 and 193: also needed to be a general header,
Page 194: Fielding, et al. Standards Track [P
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