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16 Working group session summariesSummary reportRecommendations to policymakers• Create robust and long-term carbon pricingsignals that provide greater predictability forinvestors when making long-term capital allocationdecisions, such as investments in energyinfrastructure. This could be achieved through avariety of instruments, such as market mechanisms,taxes, emissions or efficiency standards,feed-in tariffs, risk insurance etc., according tonational circumstances. Whilst necessary, however,a carbon price signal will not be sufficienton its own, given the speed of investment changethat is required.• Develop new financial products and strategies toencourage pension funds and retail investors tofinance low-carbon investments. Governmentscould help develop funding schemes such as ‘climatebonds’, low-carbon microfinance, etc.• Promote greater transparency and mandatory carbondisclosure among investors and businesses toensure that investment decisions, whether in lowor high-carbon technologies, are well understood.• Implement measures to increase rewards anddecrease risks to accelerate low-carbon capitalflow and transformation. These could include takinga longer-term policy orientation, the creationof public-private partnerships to invest in newtechnology, government incentives with sunsetclauses to ensure that new entrants into the marketcan compete with incumbents, leveling theplaying field for clean technologies, and educatingand training a strong base of low-carbon investmentspecialists.• ‘Push’ the development of new technologies inthe new climate treaty as well as national policies,through the use of public funds to leverageprivate finance in early stage demonstration anddeployment.