Global Bd Mapping ProjectDeanna H. Olson and Kathryn RonnenbergOur aim has been to compileas much of the existing Bddata as possible to gain a snapshotlook at the status of our globalknowledge and to produce a mapof the global distribution of Bd.We have compiled over 2,800 recordsso far. Although more informationis coming in to us, to date,we have found that Bd:• sampling has occurred oris ongoing in 86 countries.Global map illustrating presence or absence of Bd in frogs, toads and salamanders• occurs in 53.5% (38 of 71)of the countries for which we havedata.• is linked to mortalities in18 of 38 countries having Bd.• occurs in 233 of 425 (55%)anuran species, in 17 of 25 familiessampled.• occurs in 24 of 36 (67%)salamander species, in all 5 familiessampled.In 2008, we will be working withMat Fisher and David Aanensenof Imperial College, London,UK, to migrate the global Bddata to www.spatialepidemiology.com,which is a greatly improvedmapping tool that willallow us to continue this projectinto the future. Stay tuned formore information on that as itdevelops!Email: dedeolson@fs.fed.usFunding opportunitiesCritical Ecosystem Partnership Funding regions: Caucasus, Mountainsof southwest China, Guinean forestsof West Africa and Succulent Karoo.More information about these regionsand projects that are supported canWe are inviting applicants tosubmit proposals for amphibianresearch and conservationunder the Critical ecosystem PartnershipFund within the followbefound at www.cepf.net. Pleasecontact me for more information,or submit proposals by January25 2008 to Robin Moore:rdmoore@conservation.org10
NEWS from the fieldNew Philatus Species Discovered from the Western Ghats, India: PotentialIndicators of Habitat FragmentationGururaja, K.V.hilautus neelanethrus (Gururajaet al., 2007a) and Philau-Ptus ochlandrae (Gururaja et al.,2007b) have been discovered fromthe Western Ghats. The genusPhilautus is known for direct development,wherein froglets emergedirectly from eggs and skip the tadpolestage; a significant adaptationtowards arboreal life style (Gururajaand Ramachandra, 2006).The identity and overall taxonomicrelationships of P. neelanethruscan be most reliably inferred basedon molecular analysis. The phylogeneticand molecular-dating analysissuggests that P. neelanethrus is a relativelyold taxon among other speciesof Philautus endemic to the WesternGhats. The relatively older origin ofthe taxon with its extant populationin restricted, non-overlap¬ping andnon-contiguous patches in the midaltitudinalrange (500–700 m asl)characterized by ever¬green/semievergreen/moistdeciduous forestPhilautus neelanethrus Blue-eyed shrub frogdiscovered from Western Ghatspatches in the centralWestern Ghats, andmost importantly inMyristica swamps(considered to be livingfossils among thevegetation types prevailingin the region)suggests its importanceas a indicatorof habitat fragmentation.This indicatesthat there had beensignificant habitatfragmentation in theWestern Ghats, leading to the presentday disjunct populations.Philautus ochlandrae is a speciesnamed after the host plant Ochlandrasetigera reed brakes of KakkayamReserve Forest. This forest harborssome of the best remaining tropicalwet evergreen forest in the WesternGhats. Developing embryos alongwith male and female individualswere found inside the hollow tubularinternodes of Ochlandrareed brakes. Moreover, thisnew species is so far knownonly from the type locality.The issue of great concernis that many of the specieswill simply vanish even beforethey are formally detectedand identified, asthere is a tremendous pressuregenerated from ever increasinghuman populationand human-induced changesin the Western Ghats.These discoveries furtherPhilautus ochlandare Ochlandra reed shrub frogdiscovered from Western Ghatshighlight the need for conservationas well as a systematic studyin the region.ReferencesGururaja KV and RamachandraTV. (2006). Direct developmentin White-nosed shrub frog Philautuscf. leucorhinus. Current Science90(3):450–454.Gururaja KV, Aravind NA,Sameer Ali, Ramachandra TV,Velavan TP, Krishnakumar V andAggarwal RK. (2007a). A NewFrog Species from the CentralWestern Ghats of India, and itsphylogenetic status. Zoological Sciences24:525–534.Gururaja KV, Dinesh KP, PalotMJ, Radhakrishna C and RamachandraTV. (2007b). A newspecies of Philautus Gistel (Amphibia:Anura: Rhacophoridae)from southern Western Ghats, India.Zootaxa 16:1-16.Email: gururaj@ces.iisc.ernet.in11