Chemistry Review

REACTION MECHANISMS5. Methylation – addition of CH 3OHH 3 C CH 2CH 3 IO CH 3H 3 C CH 2 +HIMETHYLATION Important for DNA modifications & enzymemodifications• Can turn molecules ON or OFF Makes molecule less polarREACTION MECHANISMS6. Phosphorylation – adding phosphate(PO 32-)REACTION MECHANISMS6. Phosphorylation – adding phosphate(PO 32-)AdeninePhosphatesP P PAdenine +ribose =AdenosineHP PCH 2 OHOH HPATPPPADPHCH 2 OHPOHRiboseAdenosine triphosphate (ATP)Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)HOOHHHOHOHGlucoseHOOHHHOHOHGlucose-6-phosphateSIDE NOTE: PHOSPHORYLATION p53 tumor suppressor gene• Normally phosphorylated at 18 sites; controls subscription ofproteins that restrain cell division• When damaged and not phosphorylated, allows cancer togrow out of control• p53 gene not working in 90% of skin cancer & 50% of allother cancersREVIEW Identify the following functional groups:OCH CH 2 CCH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH12