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10Revisiting Police Lawsfor violation of law. Article 44 for the functions of the District Public Safety Commissions.Article 80 of the Police Order, 2002 describes functions of the Provincial Public Safety Commission and ComplaintsAuthority that include power to “make recommendations to the Government for promoting integrity, efficiency andeffectiveness of Police”. The original paragraph b of clause 1 under Article 80 empowered the Commission to “takesteps to prevent the police from carrying out any unlawful or mala fide orders or directions from any authority to anyfunctionary of the police through-out the Province and in case such orders are brought to the notice of the commissionit shall have the powers to intervene and its decision shall prevail” which was amended under the AmendmentOrdinance of 2004 to “take steps to prevent the Police from engaging in any unlawful activity arising out of compliancewith unlawful or mala fide orders”Presentation by Jawad Dogar, SSP, Punjab Police at “Police Reform in Pakistan: Beyond Analysis”, a Joint CHRI-HRCPConsultation, Lahore, 28 November 2008. Mr, Dogar felt that the Order faced a lot of resistance due to the organisationaland personal resistance to change displayed repeatedly by Pakistan’s institutions, coupled with the psychologicalbarriers of those with influence.32 Articles 37, 73 and 85 of the Police Order, 2002 provide for establishment of District, Provincial and National PublicSafety and Police Complaints Commissions and National Public Safety Commissions respectively. These commissionshave somewhat similar roles to play but at different levels. However, performance of district commissions alone hasbeen discussed as it is the first point of contact for the aggrieved public.33 Articles 80 (1) (b) & 44 (e) of the Police Order, 2002.34 See Article 38 for composition of the District Commission, and Article 44 for functions of the Commission, ibid.35 Analysis and data presented in Police Performance in Post Police Order Context, supra note 6. Due to the nonavailabilityof data for more recent years 2004 figures have been quoted. It would appear to be outdated but the writeris of the view that the performance of the commissions never improved. In fact, the commissions at all levels of district,provincial and federal are non-functional at present. See Annexure B to the Police Order, 2002: a report on PoliceReform in Pakistan: Beyond Analysis., a Joint CHRI-HRCP Consultation, Lahore, 28 November 200836 Police Performance in Post Police Order Context, supra note 6.37 No consequences are prescribed if district police do not follow the directions of District Public Safety and ComplaintsCommissions. This rendered the status of such directions recommendatory.38 All business of the Commissions is to be conducted in its meeting which shall be participated by at least one-third ofits total (not present) members. For example, see Article 47 of the Police Order, 2002.39 Suddle, supra note 19.40 Jones and Newburn (1997) quoted in Walker, N, Policing in a changing constitutional order, p. 141, as referred to inPolice Performance in Post Police Order Context, supra note 6.In Pakistan, the police are a rigidly hierarchical organisation bound by a culture of conformity and submission with ahigh resistance to change in all forms. There are physical and infrastructure constraints on the quality of training that thepolice can receive in order to successfully absorb change. This was stated by senior police officer, Jawad Dogar, SSP, at“Police Reform in Pakistan: Beyond Analysis”, a Joint CHRI-HRCP Consultation, Lahore, 28 November 2008 (Attachedas Annexure-B with the Police Order, 2002; Chapter 4).41 The Sixth Schedule was omitted by the Eighteenth (Constitution Amendment) Act, 2010. However, the protectionextended to the Police Order, 2002 expired earlier on 31 December 2009.42 Feudal Forces: Democratic Nations Police Accountability in Commonwealth South Asia, (2007), CommonwealthHuman Rights Initiative:www.humanrightsinitiative.org/.../feudal_forces_democratic_nations_police_acctability_in_cw_south_asia.pdf