Tbilisis saerTaSoriso kinofestivali TBILISI INERNA TIONAL FILM ...

ainer verner fasbinderi
RAINER WERNER FASSBINDER
Rainer Werner Fassbinder was born in 1945 in the small Bavarian spa town
Bad Wörishofen. Raised by his mother as an only child, the boy had only sporadic
contact with his father aft er the divorce of his parents when he was fi ve.
Educated at a Rudolf Steiner elementary school. He left school before passing
any fi nal examinations. A cinema addict (“fi ve times a week, oft en three fi lms
a day”) from a very early age, “the cinema was the family life I never had at
home.”
In 1967 Fassbinder joined the Munich action-theater. He directed an anti-establishment
plays for a group of young professionals, among them Peer
Raben and Kurt Raab, who along with Schygulla and Hermann, became the
most important members of his cinematic stock company.
His fi rst play, Katzelmacher, premiered in April 1968. In 1969, Fassbinder
made his fi rst feature-length fi lm, Love is Colder than Death. It was booed at
the Berlin Film Festival. Fassbinder’s breakthrough came with his next fi lm,
Katzelmacher (1969). It played at the Mannheim Film Festival, where it won
the Film Critics’ Prize, the Prize of the German Academy for Outstanding Artistic
Achievement. His commercial breakthrough was Th e Merchant of Four
Seasons (1971), his international breakthrough Ali-Fear Eats the Soul (1974)
(International Critics Prize at Cannes).
His life-style, his openly displayed homosexuality, and at the same time life
and love to women, the scandals, public outrages and bouts of self-pity ensured
that in Germany itself Fassbinder was permanently in the news, making
calculatedly provocative remarks in interviews. His work oft en received mixed
notices from the national critics, many of whom only began to take Fassbinder
seriously aft er the foreign press had hailed him as a genius.
In 1972 Fassbinder began his collaboration with a highly experienced and
successful producer at West Germany’s most prestigious television network,
Peter Märtesheimer. Under Together they made, among others, the television
series EIGHT HOURS DO NOT MAKE A DAY, and in 1978 cowrote THE
MARRIAGE OF MARIA BRAUN , Fassbinder’s commercially most profi table
fi lm and the fi rst in his post-war German trilogy (the other two were LOLA
and VERONIKA VOSS). For many foreign critics, his crowning achievement
was the 14-part television adaptation of Alfred Döblin’s Berlin Alexanderplatz.
Although for VERONIKA VOSS Fassbinder received the Golden Bear at the
1982 Berlin Film Festival. As had oft en been noted, Fassbinder was the engine
of the New German Cinema. His sudden death from a vicious combination
of drugs and sleeping pills in June 1982 symbolically marked the end of the
most exciting and experimental period the German cinema had known since
the 1920s.
146
rainer verner fasbinderi daibada 1945 wels bavariis sakurorto
qalaq bad verishofenSi. xuTi wlis iyo, roca mSoblebi
gaiyarnen da amis Semdeg deda zrdida, mamas ki iSviaTad
naxulobda. swavlobda rudolf Staineris saSualo skolaSi.
damamTavrebeli gamocdebis Cabarebamde swavlas Tavi daaneba.
adreuli asakidan gaxda kinomani (`xuTjer kviraSi, xSirad samjer
dReSi~), `kino iyo ojaxuri cxovreba, romelic Sin arasodes
mqonia~.
1967 wels fasbinderi miunxenis `moqmedebis Teatrs~ SeuerTda,
sadac werda istebliSmetis sawinaaRmdego piesebs axalgazrda
profesionalebis jgufisTvis, maT Soris iyvnen peer rabeni
da kurt raabi. hana SigulasTan da irm hermanTan erTad
isini SemdgomSi fasbinderis kinokompaniis yvelaze mniSvnelovani
wevrebi gaxdnen.
misi pirveli piesis, `kactelmaxeris~ premiera 1968 wlis
aprilSi Sedga. 1969 wels ki man gadaiRo pirveli srulmetra-
Jiani mxatvruli filmi `siyvaruli sikvdilze civia~. berlinis
kinofestivalze filmis Cvenebam stvenis fonze Caiara. gamarjveba
fasbinders momdevno filmma `kactelmaxerma~ (1969)
moutana. filmi aCvenes manhaimis kinofestivalze, sadac man
kritikis prizi moipova, agreTve germaniis kinoakademiis prizi
SemoqmedebiTi miRwevebisTvis. komerciul gamarjvebad iqca
`oTxi sezonis vaWrebi~ (1971), xolo saerTaSoriso gamarjvebad
_ `ali _ SiSi Wams suls~ (1974) (kritikosebis prizi kanSi).
misi cxovrebis stili, Ria homoseqsualoba da amavdroulad,
qalebis siyvaruli, skandalebi, sajaro Seuracxyofebi, saku-
Tari Tavis sibralulis Semotevebi ganapirobebda imas, rom is
mediebis yuradRebis centrSi iyo mudmivad. interviuebSi is
Segnebulad gamoTqvamda provokaciul mosazrebebs. adgilobrivi
kritika fasbinderis namuSevrebs sxvadasxvagvarad afasebda.
bevrma germanelma kritikosma fasbinderis seriozulad
aRqma mxolod mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac ucxourma presam igi geniosad
Seracxa.
1972 wels fasbinderi TanamSromlobas iwyebs dasavleTi germaniis
yvelaze prestiJuli satelevizio gaerTianebis gamocdil
da warmatebul prodiuser peter merteshaimerTan. maT
erToblivad gaakeTes satelevizio seriali `rva saaTi ar Seadgens
mTel dRes~, xolo 1978 wels daweres scenari filmisTvis
`maria braunis qorwineba~ - es aris komerciuli TvalsazrisiT
fasbinderis yvelaze warmatebuli filmi da misi omisSemdgomi
trilogiis pirveli nawili (momdevno ori filmia `lola~
da `veronika fosis sevda~). bevri ucxoeli kritikosis azriT,
misi damagvirgvinebeli miRweva iyo alfred dioblinis `berlin,
aleqsanderplatcis~ 14-nawiliani satelevizio adaptacia.
1982 wels `veronika fosis sevdam~ berlinis saerTaSoriso kinofestivalze
oqros daTvi moipova. xSirad aRniSnaven, rom fasbinderi
axali germanuli kinos “lokomotivi” iyo. 1982 wlis
ivnisSi narkotikebisa da saZile abebis miRebisgan gamowveuli
misi uecari sikvdili 1920-iani wlebis Semdeg germanul kinoSi
yvelaze amaRelvebeli da eqsperimentuli periodis simboluri
dasasruli aRmoCnda.