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CEAPTER VICONCLUSION: M O W CENTRE-TWO MODES OF APPIRMATIONTo be good, then evil, then good was nomoral way of life, but to be good afterbeing evil was a possihllity of life.Bernard MalamudI write about states of feelings or moraldilemmas that strike a very clear chord inme.Bharatl MukherjeeAmerican inunigrant writing, particularly that of East-European Jews and Asian-Indians since the 1950's and 1970's ischaracterised by a. tone of affirmation combined with protest.The Jewish-American novelist Bernard Malamud and the Indian-American novelist Bharati Mukherjee have expressed their senseof affirmation in their writing in differing ways-thusproviding contrasted racial consciousness. While Malamud's callis for a universal affirmation through commitment to certainfundamental human nnd social values in life affecting theentire humanity, Mukherjee'c search for identlty assumes theform of a protest-based affirmation or assertion achievedthrough a commitment to confrontation and vrolence. Malamud'sconcern for general humanity- that includes the welfare of bothblacks and whites reveals hls broader humanism, while
nukherjee's commitment for the liberation of the colouredimmigrants exposes her coloured Third World radicalism. Being awriter in the accomodationist tradition of the 1960's inAmerica, Malamud relegates elements a:: protest to a postion ofsecondary impartar.ce, concentrating on the individual problemof Jewish striving to enter the mainstream of American life.His protagonists do not directly challenge the authority of thewhite gentiles but merely try to adjust themselves to thespecial problems created by a hostile world. On the othorhand,the angry Third World writer Bharatl Mukherjee expresses amilitant assertion by giving expression to racial or ethnicprotest. Mukherjee rejects completely the accomodative andpassive resistance programme as it appeals to the whiteAmerican conscience in mild and supplicated tones expecting afavourable response from them. She advocates violence andmilitancy as a means of achieving immigrant Asian-Indianidentity leading t.o s coloured immigrant awareness in herwritings.Malamud's views on racial confllct are particularlystriking and they form the theme of his novels. His novelslaunch a double attack against both the outrage over specificinjustices handed out to Jews and his outrage over humanity'sgeneral capacity for viciousness. Malamud remains a uniquenovelist in that his vision encompasses a commitment to black
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From Marginality to Mainstream :A S
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DR. P.BALASWAMY,M.A.,PhDREADERDEPAR
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Llbrary, Osmania University Llbrary
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A NOTE ON DOCUMENTATIONfor quotatio
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in United States byand Company, Inc
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INTRODUCTION: IMMIGRANT SENSIBILITY
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eceived in the broad lap of our gre
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states brinqlnq the immigrant popul
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much for his metaphor of the United
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society happens to be a two-way pro
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The picture of the immigrant caught
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minds of men/women acting under the
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historical canvas, the American is
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some extent, with the United States
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neighbourhoods have also changed. E
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einforced and enhanced this primord
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prominence in movies, in the theatr
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Amerlcans of Asian extraction has q
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Mukherlee have all lllumlnated the
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parents had passed through Ellis Is
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Rmerica presented. Adapting tonot w
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deslgned to keep out anyone with to
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aslc emotions-the moral obligations
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finest, most characteristic Innovat
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The PeoDle; and three collections o
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Both Malamud and Mukher~ee reach th
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apart from maklng authors mutually
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CHAPTER I iTransgressions : The Hau
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contemporary Everyman / Everywoman
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~~~~~~------------>Destru~ti~e
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'tfirst important American writer t
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from 1949. The change gives both hi
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thought based on Reason, Science, I
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counter to their zeal for reformati
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coffrn. Wllly's slnking heart becom
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controlling them. They experience a
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hls/her moral self-but the former o
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takes up employment ln a dlstrict f
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hls theme, Spearmint's powerful the
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ln~reases, he Usurps the role Of a
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~h~ Great GatsbY tries to Come out
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acquire a new identity as lmmlgrant
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of an expatrlate, Mukherjee emphati
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"Hindus" and "Courtly Vision", Mukh
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(~~rkness II).....demonstrative fam
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exposed to blackmail. "The Indian f
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succeed in the New World. Most of t
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equired lt. Unfavourable experience
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arranges a Thanks-giving dlnner at
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the past as she rldes In a cab in N
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The Liberatlon Tlgers were In full-
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She is in another sense following I
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CHAPTER I I ISuffering And Compassi
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mechanical purishment and have thei
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another for being alone. And we've
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::rlmir,dl ;riece-neal and t h i su
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jews to flee like nomads from their
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emphaoising the sense of community
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the relationship develops, the ques
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untrained natural baseball player,
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the action focuses.,3 N W LifP is a
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orn orphan he had to "dl9 with my f
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The gradual resumption of his Jewls
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ends here. The end also Promises a
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~oncern. G!2!XSG!XlGS becomes a str
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Seymour ~evin Of A NSh! Li&z gives
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.ision.Few writere Can transform pa
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perhaps, she is essentially human,
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The shooting of Bud "Was unthinkabl
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not so much Tars as the world aroun
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~oghul miniaturist and modernist.~l
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~~tjr merica, the Middle East and A
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For herself, she has decided that t
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characters discover their self-hood
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CHAPTER IVAnd to all of these new e
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or what might have occured. Very of
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egenerationsprrading the gospei of
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transcends the mlindano and extends
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of mar". (Wasserman 1970.4')curious
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appropriate to our predicament. It
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,xperience on the faculty of the or
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of the difficulties of undoinq the
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whirlwinds and burning bushes. "Nob
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that suffering strips away, open it
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hlmselr with beinq a craftsman. Gla
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others. Halamud tries to resolve th
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the fresh water I bless them with t
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and sorry for Bober, returns to hel
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athroom he thinks of her "breasts l
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Wholeness and integration of person
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since her marriage to an American,
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"Karma' may be described as the law
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~merica and about the horrors of Ne
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derelicts. She emerges more confide
Page 191 and 192: Social behaviour, is an indication
Page 193 and 194: is broken.It is the same air this s
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Page 199 and 200: Thanks to the United States, with h
Page 201 and 202: CHAPTERVTradition : Roots - Within
Page 203 and 204: to every Emerson and a Catherine Ma
Page 205 and 206: pages of ills &d&x& and many of the
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Page 213 and 214: The importance of the family and th
Page 215 and 216: distinctive traditions, Personaliti
Page 217 and 218: lB ny Favcrite Color" and The which
Page 219 and 220: make ernpatb.y -mPssslbla. Wright's
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Page 223 and 224: and moral maturity.At the social le
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Page 227 and 228: ut the motivari3-6 is more I:ompl~v
Page 229 and 230: easoned fictional representations o
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Page 233 and 234: soth Mukherjee and Malamud have don
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Page 239 and 240: ~harati Mukherjee emphatically plac
Page 241: CHAPTERVlConclusion : Moral Centre
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Page 249 and 250: "Jewishness", according to Alter, i
Page 251 and 252: attling against the flaws in their
Page 253 and 254: etterment that there is a Jew in hi
Page 255 and 256: eauty of the human spirit.This huma
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Page 259 and 260: of their life.In ~merica, Indian wo
Page 261 and 262: without the chance of ever having a
Page 263 and 264: mobile for them to indulge in the l
Page 265 and 266: Certainly a writer who sees the dea
Page 267 and 268: and reflection, he arrives at a rea
Page 269 and 270: As faith in Judaism weakened and sc
Page 271 and 272: militancy. Malamud'sprotagonists ar
Page 273 and 274: placed. Dubin in Dubin's Lives by s
Page 275 and 276: transformation while trying to get
Page 277 and 278: into the longer, broader and more s
Page 279 and 280: challenges of time.Jasmine's declsi
Page 281 and 282: mlssion-the greatness and richness
Page 283 and 284: Holocaust and tho security of Israe
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Page 287 and 288: Bharati Mukherjee may represent the
Page 289 and 290: A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHYI. PRIMARY SOU
Page 291 and 292: National University Publications;Ke
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U,. New York.Carb, Alison B. 1990.
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Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 1947.Trans.Cons
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Fitzqerald, Francis.1973. h UVietrl
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Handy W. J. 1977. "The Malamud Hero
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Introductien t~ the SasU Pf Enalish
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Series,Washington: PublishedUnited
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Nazareth. Patrr. 1986. "Total Vlsio
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Roth, Phllip. 1961. "Writlng Americ
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Snlth, K.Neh Delhi: Sterling Publis
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kasl, Mur lel. 15,9!1. '*?x Middlem
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