1 The questions for the final examination in anatomy for students of ...

Institute of Anatomy, Charles University First Faculty of Medicine 2011 - 2012The questions for the final examination in anatomy for students of medicineWinter semesterSkeleton and its connectionsStructure and types of bones, innervation and blood supply of boneOsteogenesis, ossification, remodeling and growth of boneConnection of bones, structures and types of jointsThe osseous nasal cavity, relations to neighboring structuresBony orbit - walls, relation to neighboring structures, passagesSkull, skull of neonate and its developmentVertebrae, vertebral column and its development, connections, curvatures and motilityCraniovertebral jointSkeleton of thorax and its development, connections and motility of ribsTemporomandibular joint - structure and motilityDevelopment and growth of limb, molecular mechanisms, limb defectsShoulder joint – structure and movementsElbow joint – structure and movementsBones and joints of hand including X-ray imagesBony pelvis as complex, connections, passages, diameters, planes, sexual differencesHip joint - structure, movements, developmental dysplasia of hipKnee joint - structure, biomechanics, movementsTalocrural and subtalar joints - structure, movementsBones and joints of foot including X-ray images, plantar arches and their supportMuscles, fascias, osteofascial compartmentsOrigin and development of muscles, molecular mechanismsGeneral features of striated muscle, its auxiliary structures (motor end plate, motor unit,muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ), motor and proprioceptive innervationMuscles and fascias of the headMuscles and fascias of the neck (draw transversal section of the neck)Muscles and fascias of thorax , diaphragm – structure, passages, function, innervationMuscles of abdominal wall, fascias, functionInguinal canal (draw scheme), inguinal herniasPelvic floor muscles, perineal muscles, ischioanal fossa, pelvic fascias (draw frontal sectionof pelvis)Muscles and fascias of backMuscles of shoulder girdle, fascias, axillary fossaMuscles and fascias of arm and forearm (draw transverse sections)Muscles and fascias of hand (draw transverse section), tendon sheaths, carpal canalMuscles and fascias of thigh, femoral triangle, popliteal fossaMuscles, fascias and compartments of leg and foot (draw transverse sections)Gastrointestinal tractGeneral anatomy (macro and micro)of intestinal tube.Microscopic structure of the teeth and their development, gingivodental junctionMacroscopic structure of the teeth, fixation, innervation and vascular supply,Primary and permanent dentition formula, eruption, types of occlusionTongue (structure-macro and micro), intra- and extraglosseal muscles, vascular supply,innervationSoft and hard palate, muscles of soft plate (draw scheme), isthmus of faucesPalate development, cleft defectsSalivary glands (structure-macro and micro, syntopy, innervationPharynx – structure, syntopy, blood supply, innervation,1

Nasal, palatine and lingual tonsills (structure-macro and micro) (Waldeyer circle)Oesophagus – structure (macro and micro), syntopyStomach – shape, position, syntopy, projectionsStomach – structure of the wall, divisions, vascular supply, innervation, lymphatic drainageDevelopment of oesophagus, stomach and duodeumSmall inestine – structure (macro and micro), divisions, vascular supply, innervation,lymphatic drainageDuodenum – divisions, positions, syntopy (draw scheme), blood supplyLarge intestine, structure (macro and micro), divisions (draw scheme), syntopy, vascularsupply, innervation, positions of vermiform appendixDevelopment of small and large intestine, intestinal rotationPancreas – structure (macro and micro), , Langerhans islets, syntopy,Liver – segments, syntopy (draw scheme of visceral surface)Liver – structure (macro and micro), nutritional and portal vascular bed,intrahepatic bile ductsGallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts (draw scheme)Development of pancreas and liverRectum and anal canal - structure (macro and micro), syntopy (draw frontal and sagittalsections), vascular supply, sphincters and their innervationPeritoneum - parietal and visceral, greater and lesser omentumLesser sac (omental bursa), its recessesDevelopment of visceral situs and mesenteryRegional AnatomyInfratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal spaceExternal and internal cranial base - openings for vessels and nervesSubmandibular triangle, carotid triangle (draw scheme)Lateral neck region, scalenic fissureAxilla – boundaries, contentAnterior and posterior regions of arm (draw transverse section)Cubital fossa, elbow jointTopographic anatomy of the hand and fingersGluteal region, supra- and infrapiriform foramensAnterior thigh region, vascular and muscular lacuna, iliopectineal fossa, femoral triangle(draw schema), femoral herniasPopliteal fossa, adductor canalRegions of lower leg (draw transverse section)Retromalleolar regionsTopography of foot (draw transverse section)Topography of chest wall, surface projections of heart, lungs and pleuraTopography of abdominal wall, blood supply, innervation and surface projections ofabdominal organsInguinal region, inguinal canal, hernias (draw schema of inguinal canal)Topography of supramesocolic part of peritoneal cavity (draw transverse section throughlesser sac), inframesocolic part of peritoneal cavityTopography of duodenum and pancreas (draw schema)2