1 The questions for the final examination in anatomy for students of ...
1 The questions for the final examination in anatomy for students of ...
1 The questions for the final examination in anatomy for students of ...
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Institute <strong>of</strong> Anatomy, Charles University First Faculty <strong>of</strong> Medic<strong>in</strong>e 2011 - 2012<strong>The</strong> <strong>questions</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>f<strong>in</strong>al</strong> <strong>exam<strong>in</strong>ation</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>anatomy</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>students</strong> <strong>of</strong> medic<strong>in</strong>eW<strong>in</strong>ter semesterSkeleton and its connectionsStructure and types <strong>of</strong> bones, <strong>in</strong>nervation and blood supply <strong>of</strong> boneOsteogenesis, ossification, remodel<strong>in</strong>g and growth <strong>of</strong> boneConnection <strong>of</strong> bones, structures and types <strong>of</strong> jo<strong>in</strong>ts<strong>The</strong> osseous nasal cavity, relations to neighbor<strong>in</strong>g structuresBony orbit - walls, relation to neighbor<strong>in</strong>g structures, passagesSkull, skull <strong>of</strong> neonate and its developmentVertebrae, vertebral column and its development, connections, curvatures and motilityCraniovertebral jo<strong>in</strong>tSkeleton <strong>of</strong> thorax and its development, connections and motility <strong>of</strong> ribsTemporomandibular jo<strong>in</strong>t - structure and motilityDevelopment and growth <strong>of</strong> limb, molecular mechanisms, limb defectsShoulder jo<strong>in</strong>t – structure and movementsElbow jo<strong>in</strong>t – structure and movementsBones and jo<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> hand <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g X-ray imagesBony pelvis as complex, connections, passages, diameters, planes, sexual differencesHip jo<strong>in</strong>t - structure, movements, developmental dysplasia <strong>of</strong> hipKnee jo<strong>in</strong>t - structure, biomechanics, movementsTalocrural and subtalar jo<strong>in</strong>ts - structure, movementsBones and jo<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>of</strong> foot <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g X-ray images, plantar arches and <strong>the</strong>ir supportMuscles, fascias, oste<strong>of</strong>ascial compartmentsOrig<strong>in</strong> and development <strong>of</strong> muscles, molecular mechanismsGeneral features <strong>of</strong> striated muscle, its auxiliary structures (motor end plate, motor unit,muscle sp<strong>in</strong>dle, Golgi tendon organ), motor and proprioceptive <strong>in</strong>nervationMuscles and fascias <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> headMuscles and fascias <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> neck (draw transversal section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> neck)Muscles and fascias <strong>of</strong> thorax , diaphragm – structure, passages, function, <strong>in</strong>nervationMuscles <strong>of</strong> abdom<strong>in</strong>al wall, fascias, functionIngu<strong>in</strong>al canal (draw scheme), <strong>in</strong>gu<strong>in</strong>al herniasPelvic floor muscles, per<strong>in</strong>eal muscles, ischioanal fossa, pelvic fascias (draw frontal section<strong>of</strong> pelvis)Muscles and fascias <strong>of</strong> backMuscles <strong>of</strong> shoulder girdle, fascias, axillary fossaMuscles and fascias <strong>of</strong> arm and <strong>for</strong>earm (draw transverse sections)Muscles and fascias <strong>of</strong> hand (draw transverse section), tendon sheaths, carpal canalMuscles and fascias <strong>of</strong> thigh, femoral triangle, popliteal fossaMuscles, fascias and compartments <strong>of</strong> leg and foot (draw transverse sections)Gastro<strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>al tractGeneral <strong>anatomy</strong> (macro and micro)<strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>al tube.Microscopic structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> teeth and <strong>the</strong>ir development, g<strong>in</strong>givodental junctionMacroscopic structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> teeth, fixation, <strong>in</strong>nervation and vascular supply,Primary and permanent dentition <strong>for</strong>mula, eruption, types <strong>of</strong> occlusionTongue (structure-macro and micro), <strong>in</strong>tra- and extraglosseal muscles, vascular supply,<strong>in</strong>nervationS<strong>of</strong>t and hard palate, muscles <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>t plate (draw scheme), isthmus <strong>of</strong> faucesPalate development, cleft defectsSalivary glands (structure-macro and micro, syntopy, <strong>in</strong>nervationPharynx – structure, syntopy, blood supply, <strong>in</strong>nervation,1
Nasal, palat<strong>in</strong>e and l<strong>in</strong>gual tonsills (structure-macro and micro) (Waldeyer circle)Oesophagus – structure (macro and micro), syntopyStomach – shape, position, syntopy, projectionsStomach – structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wall, divisions, vascular supply, <strong>in</strong>nervation, lymphatic dra<strong>in</strong>ageDevelopment <strong>of</strong> oesophagus, stomach and duodeumSmall <strong>in</strong>est<strong>in</strong>e – structure (macro and micro), divisions, vascular supply, <strong>in</strong>nervation,lymphatic dra<strong>in</strong>ageDuodenum – divisions, positions, syntopy (draw scheme), blood supplyLarge <strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>e, structure (macro and micro), divisions (draw scheme), syntopy, vascularsupply, <strong>in</strong>nervation, positions <strong>of</strong> vermi<strong>for</strong>m appendixDevelopment <strong>of</strong> small and large <strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>e, <strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>al rotationPancreas – structure (macro and micro), , Langerhans islets, syntopy,Liver – segments, syntopy (draw scheme <strong>of</strong> visceral surface)Liver – structure (macro and micro), nutritional and portal vascular bed,<strong>in</strong>trahepatic bile ductsGallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts (draw scheme)Development <strong>of</strong> pancreas and liverRectum and anal canal - structure (macro and micro), syntopy (draw frontal and sagittalsections), vascular supply, sph<strong>in</strong>cters and <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>in</strong>nervationPeritoneum - parietal and visceral, greater and lesser omentumLesser sac (omental bursa), its recessesDevelopment <strong>of</strong> visceral situs and mesenteryRegional AnatomyInfratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal spaceExternal and <strong>in</strong>ternal cranial base - open<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>for</strong> vessels and nervesSubmandibular triangle, carotid triangle (draw scheme)Lateral neck region, scalenic fissureAxilla – boundaries, contentAnterior and posterior regions <strong>of</strong> arm (draw transverse section)Cubital fossa, elbow jo<strong>in</strong>tTopographic <strong>anatomy</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hand and f<strong>in</strong>gersGluteal region, supra- and <strong>in</strong>frapiri<strong>for</strong>m <strong>for</strong>amensAnterior thigh region, vascular and muscular lacuna, iliopect<strong>in</strong>eal fossa, femoral triangle(draw schema), femoral herniasPopliteal fossa, adductor canalRegions <strong>of</strong> lower leg (draw transverse section)Retromalleolar regionsTopography <strong>of</strong> foot (draw transverse section)Topography <strong>of</strong> chest wall, surface projections <strong>of</strong> heart, lungs and pleuraTopography <strong>of</strong> abdom<strong>in</strong>al wall, blood supply, <strong>in</strong>nervation and surface projections <strong>of</strong>abdom<strong>in</strong>al organsIngu<strong>in</strong>al region, <strong>in</strong>gu<strong>in</strong>al canal, hernias (draw schema <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>gu<strong>in</strong>al canal)Topography <strong>of</strong> supramesocolic part <strong>of</strong> peritoneal cavity (draw transverse section throughlesser sac), <strong>in</strong>framesocolic part <strong>of</strong> peritoneal cavityTopography <strong>of</strong> duodenum and pancreas (draw schema)2