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UNWTO, 9 July 2008 List of References 246 Munasinghe, M. and Swart, R. (2000), ‘Climate Change and Its Linkages with Development, Equity, and Sustainability’, Proceedings of the IPCC Expert Meeting, Columbo, Sri Lanka, 27–29 April 1999, LIFE, Columbo, RIVM, Bilthoven, and World Bank, Washington, DC. 247 Paavola, J. and Adger, W. N. (2002), Justice and Adaptation to Climate Change, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Working Paper 23, (Online), available: http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/publications/working_ papers/wp23.pdf (17-12-2007). 248 Muller, B. (2002), Equity in Climate Change: The Great Divide, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Oxford University, Oxford. 249 Stern, N. (2006), The Stern Review. 250 German Advisory Council on Global Change (2007), World in Transition: Climate Change as a Security Risk. 251 Liotta, P. H. and Shearer, A. W. (2005), The Use of Scenarios in Assessing Climate Change, Human Security, and Potential Outcomes. 252 The CAN Corporation (2007), National Security and the Threat of Climate Change, http://securityandclimate. cna.org/report/National%20Security%20and%20the%20Threat%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf (17-12-2007). 253 Campbell, K.M. et al. (2007), The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Global Climate Change, (Online), available: http://www.cnas.org/attachments/contentmanagers/1278/ CSIS-CNAS_AgeofConsequences_October07.pdf (17-12-2007). 254 Barnett, J. (2001), Security and Climate Change. 255 Feakin, T. (2005), Climate Change and the Threat to Global Security. 256 German Advisory Council on Global Change (2007), World in Transition: Climate Change as a Security Risk. 257 Xiong, W. et al. (2007), ‘Climate Change and Critical Thresholds in China’s Food Security’, Climactic Change, 81 (2), pp. 205–221. 258 The CAN Corporation (2007), National Security and the Threat of Climate Change. 259 Frangialli, F. (2007), Tourism Development and Climate Change: Understanding, Anticipating, Adapting, Participating in the Common Effort. 260 Becken, S. (2004a), Climate Change and Tourism in Fiji: Vulnerability, Adaptation and Mitigation. 261 Mitchell, T. and Tanner, T. (2006), Adapting to Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities for the Development Community. 262 Simpson, M. C. and Ladle, R. (2006), ‘Selecting and Evaluating Destinations for the Sustainable Tourism Zone of the Caribbean (STZC)’, Keynote Presentation at the 7th Meeting of the Experts in Sustainable Tourism Indicators Association of Caribbean States (ACS) Technical Seminar, Bayahibe. 263 Simpson, M. C. (2008 – in press), Global Climate Change and the Implications for Tourism Resilience in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). 264 Simpson, M. C. (2003), ‘Tourism, Livelihoods, Biodiversity, Conservation and the Climate Change Factor in Developing Countries’, NATO Advanced Research Seminar on Climate Change and Tourism: Assessment and Coping Strategies, November 2003, Warsaw. 265 IPCC (2007b), Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability – Summary for Policymakers. 266 Hulme, M. (ed.) (1996), Climate Change in Southern Africa: An Exploration of Some Potential Impacts andImplications in the SADC Region, Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich. 267 Ngugi, V. W. et al. (2003), Climate Information and Predictions in Mitigating the Impacts of Drought on Tourism. 268 Simpson, M. C. (2003), Tourism, Livelihoods, Biodiversity, Conservation and the Climate Change Factor in Developing Countries. 215
216 Climate Change and Tourism – Responding to Global Challenges 269 Price, M. (1999), Global Change in the Mountains. 270 Beniston, M. (2003), ‘Climatic Change in Mountain Regions: A Review of Possible Impacts’, Climatic Change, 59 (1–2), pp. 5–31. 271 Scott, D. (2006b), Global Environmental Change and Mountain Tourism. 272 Erickson, J. (2005), ‘Changes in the Air, Part 3: Bleak Forecast for the Ski Industry’, Rocky Mountain News, 19 March 2005, (Online), available at: http://www.rockymountainnews.com/news/2005/mar/19/part-3-bleakforecast-for-ski-industry/ (17-12-2007). 273 Scott, D. (2006b), Global Environmental Change and Mountain Tourism. 274 Abegg, B. et al. (2007), Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Winter Tourism. 275 König, U. and Abegg, B. (1997), ‘Impacts of Climate Change on Tourism in the Swiss Alps’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5 (1), pp. 46–58. 276 Breiling, M. and Charamza, P. (1999), ‘The Impact of Global Warming on Winter Tourism and Skiing: A Regionalized Model for Austrian Snow Conditions’, Regional Environmental Change, 1 (1), pp. 4–14. 277 Elsasser, H. and Messerli, P. (2001), ‘The Vulnerability of the Snow Industry in the Swiss Alps’, Mountain Research and Development, 21 (4), pp. 335–339. 278 Elsasser, H. and Bürki, R. (2002), Climate Change as a Threat to Tourism in the Alps. 279 Abegg, B. et al. (2007), Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Winter Tourism. 280 Wolfsegger, C. et al. (2008 – in press), Climate Change Risk Appraisal in the Austrian Ski Industry. 281 Abegg et al. (2007), Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Winter Tourism. 282 Agrawala, S. (ed.) (2007), Climate Change in the European Alps: Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management, OECD, Paris. 283 Nogués-Bravo, D. and Araújo, M.B. (2006), ‘Species Richness, Area and Climate Correlates’, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 15, pp. 452–460. 284 UNEP (2007b), Europe Set for Warmer Northern Winters, Hotter Southern Summers and Worsening Droughts and Floods, Press release 10 April 2007, (Online), available: http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/ Default.asp?DocumentID=504&ArticleID=5560&l=en (17-12-2007). 285 Luterbacher, J. et al. (2007), ‘Exceptional European Warmth of Autumn 2006 and Winter 2007: Historical Context, the Underlying Dynamics and its Phonological Impacts’, Geophysical Research Letters, 34, pp. 1–6. 286 Harrison, S. et al. (1999), ‘The Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Scottish Tourist Industry, Tourism Management, 20, pp. 203–211. 287 Ibid. 288 Scott, D. et al. (2003), ‘Climate Change and the Skiing Industry in Southern Ontario (Canada): Exploring the Importance of Snowmaking as a Technical Adaptation’, Climate Research, 23, pp. 171–181. 289 Scott, D. et al. (2007a), Climate Change and Québec’s Ski Industry. 290 Scott, D. et al. (2003), Climate Change and the Skiing Industry in Southern Ontario. 291 Scott, D. et al. (2007a), Climate Change and Québec’s Ski Industry. 292 Scott, D. et al. (2008c – in press), ‘Climate Change Vulnerability of the Northeast US Winter Tourism Sector’, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies to Global Change. 293 International Snowmobile Manufacturers Association (2006), International Snowmobile Industry Facts and Figures, (Online), available: http://www.snowmobile.org/pr_snowfacts.asp (17-12-2007). UNWTO, 9 July 2008
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