Climate Change and Tourism - UNEP - Division of Technology ...

List of Tables
Table 6.1 Emissions from global tourism in 2005 (including same-day visitors) ..................................... 33
Table 9.1 Major climate change impacts and implications for tourism destinations ............................... 61
Table 9.2 Projected changes in heating- and cooling degree days relative to 1961–1990 ...................... 63
Table 9.3 Portfolio of climate adaptations utilized by tourism stakeholders ............................................ 82
Table 9.4 Possible adaptation measures for tourism in small island countries and
barriers to implementation .................................................................................................... 93
Table 9.5 Summary of possible adaptation strategies for natural and cultural heritage destinations ....... 95
Table 9.6 Adaptation measures in relation to tourism policy and barriers .............................................. 99
Table 9.7 Tourism vulnerability hotspots ................................................................................................ 100
Table 9.8 Relative level of regional knowledge on climate change and tourism .................................... 101
Table 10.1 Ranking of countries with highest and lowest proportional change in tourist
arrivals with climate change in 2025 ..................................................................................... 104
Table 10.2 Regional changes in international departures and arrivals in 2050 ......................................... 105
Table 10.3 Socio-economic characteristics of IPCC SRES scenarios (2000) ............................................. 119
Table 11.1 Approximate tourism volumes, 2005...................................................................................... 123
Table 11.2 Emission factors for tourism transport modes in the EU context ............................................. 124
Table 11.3 Overview of estimated number of trips, distances and CO 2 emissions from
tourism related transport, 2005 .............................................................................................. 127
Table 11.4 Average energy use by type of accommodation ...................................................................... 130
Table 11.5 Overview of estimated number of trips, guest nights and CO 2 emissions
from tourism accommodation, 2005 ...................................................................................... 131
Table 11.6 Estimated emissions from global tourism (including same-day visitors), 2005 ........................ 132
Table 11.7 Approximation of trip volume and tourism transport emissions by region
UNWTO, 9 July 2008
of origin and destination, 2005 .............................................................................................. 135
Table 11.8 Model assumptions: tourist arrivals and travel distance growth rates
(average annual growth in %) between 2005 and 2035 .......................................................... 141
Table 11.9 Model assumptions: references for tourist arrivals and travel distance growth rates................. 142
Table 11.10 Model assumptions: efficiency changes .................................................................................. 142
Table 12.1 Modal mix for passenger transport (pkm) in selected countries for 2004 ................................ 153
Table 12.2 Comparison of market-based instruments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
from aviation ......................................................................................................................... 156
Table 12.3 Tourism certifications in Sweden, 2005 .................................................................................. 164