Climate Change and Tourism - UNEP - Division of Technology ...

List of Figures
Figure 6.1 IPCC representation of anticipated regional climate change ................................................... 26
Figure 6.2 Geographic distribution of major climate change impacts affecting tourism destinations ........ 31
Figure 6.3 Contribution of various tourism sub-sectors to CO 2 emissions ............................................... 34
Figure 6.4 Comparison of current emissions caused by tourist trips (overnight) and projections of
emissions for the year 2035 under the assumptions of a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario ............. 36
Figure 6.5 Scenarios of CO 2 mitigation potential from global tourism in 2035 ........................................ 37
Figure 8.1 A global seasonal weather forecast for summer 2007 temperatures, issued in March 2007 .... 47
Figure 8.2 Scenarios for global temperature in the 21st century .............................................................. 49
Figure 8.3 Spatial climate analogue for European cities for 2100 ........................................................... 50
Figure 8.4 Recorded changes in global average temperature since 1850 ................................................. 53
Figure 8.5 Qualitative definitions of uncertainty in Working Group 3 ..................................................... 54
Figure 8.6 IPCC representation of anticipated regional climate change ................................................... 57
Figure 9.1 Future transmission potential for the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum relative
to the baseline period (1970s = 1, doubling = 2) ................................................................... 66
Figure 9.2 Partially operating ski area near Salzburg, Austria (mid-January 2007) .................................... 69
Figure 9.3 Retreat of Muir and Riggs glaciers in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve
(Alaska, USA) ......................................................................................................................... 72
Figure 9.4 Erosion of shoreline and damage to tourism infrastructure due to hurricane Ivan in Tobago ... 73
Figure 9.5 North Atlantic hurricanes have increased with sea surface temperature .................................. 74
Figure 9.6 Selection of major gulf hurricanes in 2004-2005 .................................................................... 74
Figure 9.7 Coral bleaching in Tobago ...................................................................................................... 76
Figure 9.8 Polar bear watching ............................................................................................................... 77
Figure 9.9 Relative adaptive capacity of major tourism sub-sectors ........................................................ 81
Figure 9.10 Windows shutters as a protection against hurricanes .............................................................. 84
Figure 9.11 Small island chains of Yasawa and Mamanuca with small-scale tourism facilities are
particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts and extreme events ................................... 86
Figure 9.12 Climate adaptation options in the ski industry ....................................................................... 89
Figure 9.13 The widespread climate adaptation of snow-making .............................................................. 91
Figure 9.14 Coastal erosion and sea wall protection on a beach in Fiji ..................................................... 94
Figure 9.15 Guidelines for adaptation mainstreaming ............................................................................... 97
Figure 9.16 Geographic distribution of major climate change impacts affecting tourism destinations ....... 101
UNWTO, 9 July 2008