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UNWTO, 9 July 2008 Methodological Note on UNWTO’s Estimates on Worldwide Tourism Volumes In addition to international tourism (inbound and outbound), many countries count with a strong domestic tourism market (see A1.1.3.2). See for more information the Facts & Figures section on the UNWTO website at www.unwto.org/facts/ menu.html, as well as the Tourism Highlights at www.unwto.org/facts/eng/highlights.htm. A1.1.3 UNWTO’s Estimates on World Tourism Volume There are various units of measure to quantify the volume of tourism. An overview is set out below: A1.1.3.1 International tourism Regarding the international comparability of data, the Compendium of Tourism Statistics is the basic reference. The following units of measurement are used: Unit of measurement Comment Visitors Arrivals • at frontiers (VF) • or at a specific place in case of domestic tourism Tourists (overnight visitors) Arrivals • at frontiers (TF) • or at a specific place in case of domestic tourism • • at collective tourism establishments (e.g. hotels and other. such as campings. etc.) (TCE) at hotels and similar establishments (THS) Nights • at collective tourism establishments (e.g., hotels and other) (NCE) • at hotels and similar establishments (NHS) • • • • 183 excludes tourism in private accommodation; arrivals are counted in every new accommodation visited excludes tourism in private accommodation; arrivals are counted in every new accommodation visited The most common unit of measure used to quantify the volume of International Tourism for statistical purposes is the number of International Tourist Arrivals. For a proper understanding of this unit, two considerations should be taken into account: • • Data refer exclusively to tourists (overnight visitors): ‘a visitor who stays at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited’. Same-day visitors are not included. Data refer to the number of arrivals and not to the number of persons. The same person who makes several trips to a given country during a given period will be counted as a new arrival each time, as well as a person who travels through several countries on one trip is counted as a new arrival each time. Many countries provide both data on overall international visitor numbers as well as on tourists. This has been used to approximate the number of same-day visitors.
184 Climate Change and Tourism – Responding to Global Challenges A1.1.3.2 Domestic Tourism International comparable data on domestic tourism is unfortunately still rather scarce. Domestic tourism volumes as presented in the report are approximations by UNWTO based on a combination of data for selected individual countries: • • • A limited number of countries provide data on domestic trips, often with varying methodology and coverage. Accommodation statistics generally cover the number of nights spent by residents at hotels and similar establishments and / or at all collective tourism establishments. Statistics on the demand for domestic air transport and the share of air transport in the overall volume, also allow for an assessment. Accordingly, domestic tourism demand is approximated to have accounted for about 8 billion trips worldwide in 2005, of which 4 billion are estimated to be from same-day visitors and 4 billion from (overnight) tourists. Taking into account individual countries with data available on domestic tourism in one way or another – number of trips, number of nights spent or domestic air transport - the breakdown over developing and high-income countries (as classified by the World Bank) is approximated to be roughly half/half. This breakdown is relevant as the emission factors are assumed to differ between developing and high income countries, because of a different modal split (more air and car transport in high-income countries and more bus and train in the case of developing countries), as well as a higher occupation when travelling by car in developing countries. A1.1.3.3 Transport data For air transport, data from ICAO is used on overall numbers of passenger kilometres flown, while data from IATA’s World Air Transport Statistics have been used to subdivide traffic in intraregional and interregional. When analysing air transport data, it is essential to realise that traffic is based on the country or region of airline registration and that flows reflect both inbound and outbound tourism. When talking for instance about transatlantic traffic from Europe, this refers to both Europeans travelling to the Americas and Americans to Europe as well as to passengers from other regions travelling through Europe to the Americas. Furthermore, passenger numbers cannot be directly compared to international tourist arrivals as reported by destinations, because passengers are counted on each segment of a trip. So a return trip results at least in a passenger count of two and when it is not by a direct flight even in more. A1.1.4 Sources of Data Quantitative tourism-related data is based on a selection of data included in the UNWTO database on World Tourism Statistics. This database contains a variety of series for over 200 countries and territories covering data for most countries from the 1980’s on. The database is maintained by the UNWTO Secretariat and is updated on a continuous base. Statistical data have been collected by the UNWTO Secretariat from the official institutions of the countries and territories (UNWTO member as well as non-member countries) or from other international bodies. e.g., the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), etc. The data for individual countries are based on full year results, or projections, as communicated to the UNWTO Secretariat by the authorities of the countries and territories or disseminated through news releases, publications or on the Internet. For many countries, figures are still preliminary and frequently subject to revision. UNWTO, 9 July 2008
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