Climate Change and Tourism - UNEP - Division of Technology ...

130 Climate Change and Tourism – Responding to Global Challenges
Figure 11.6 Radiative forcing by tourism transport (excluding impacts of cirrus), 2005
Radiative forcing (W/m 2)
0,045
0,040
0,035
0,030
0,025
0,020
0,015
0,010
0,005
0,000
11.1.3 Accommodation
Internationally, more than 80 different accommodation categories can be identified, including hotels,
hostels, motels, pensions, bed and breakfast, self-catering accommodation, bungalows, vacation
homes, holiday villages, campsites and farms, to give just some examples. Energy use in the different
types of accommodation includes heating/cooling, cooking, illumination, cleaning, and, in tropical or
arid regions, the desalination of seawater. Average energy use has been found to vary substantially by
type of accommodation (Table 11.4).
Table 11.4 Average energy use by type of accommodation 647
Type of accommodation Energy use per guest night (MJ) Emissions per guest night (kg CO 2 )
Hotels 130 20.6
Campsites 50 7.9
Pensions 25 4.0
Self-catering 120 19.0
Holiday villages 90 14.3
Vacation homes 100 15.9
Estimated average 98 15.6
The calculation of emissions from accommodation can be achieved by multiplying the number of
tourists by length of stay and an emission factor (CO 2 per guest night). The total number of international
guest nights is estimated by UNWTO to be in the order of 6.1 billion. For domestic tourism, the total
number of guest nights is estimated at 13.7 billion. While an average of 19 kg CO 2 per international
guest nights is estimated, the emissions for domestic tourism are assumed to be at 11.5 kg CO 2 per
guest night, because of lower emission levels in accommodation used by domestic tourist in developing
countries (see Annex 2.2.3). Total CO 2 emissions associated with accommodation are estimated at
274 Mt (see Table 11.5).
UNWTO, 9 July 2008
Air Car Other
Same-day
Domestic
International
(interregional)
International
(intraregional)