Climate Change and Tourism - UNEP - Division of Technology ...

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Figure 11.3 World tourism transport volume by mode of transport, 2005 Trips (million) UNWTO, 9 July 2008 Emissions from Tourism: Status and Trends Figure 11.4 World tourism passenger kilometer volume by mode of transport, 2005 Passenger kilometres (billion) 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Air Car Other Figure 11.5 CO 2 emissions by tourism transport, 2005 CO 2 emission (MTonnes) 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Air Car Other Air Car Other Same-day Domestic International (interregional) International (intraregional) Same-day Domestic International (interregional) International (intraregional) Same-day Domestic International (interregional) International (intraregional) 129
130 Climate Change and Tourism – Responding to Global Challenges Figure 11.6 Radiative forcing by tourism transport (excluding impacts of cirrus), 2005 Radiative forcing (W/m 2) 0,045 0,040 0,035 0,030 0,025 0,020 0,015 0,010 0,005 0,000 11.1.3 Accommodation Internationally, more than 80 different accommodation categories can be identified, including hotels, hostels, motels, pensions, bed and breakfast, self-catering accommodation, bungalows, vacation homes, holiday villages, campsites and farms, to give just some examples. Energy use in the different types of accommodation includes heating/cooling, cooking, illumination, cleaning, and, in tropical or arid regions, the desalination of seawater. Average energy use has been found to vary substantially by type of accommodation (Table 11.4). Table 11.4 Average energy use by type of accommodation 647 Type of accommodation Energy use per guest night (MJ) Emissions per guest night (kg CO 2 ) Hotels 130 20.6 Campsites 50 7.9 Pensions 25 4.0 Self-catering 120 19.0 Holiday villages 90 14.3 Vacation homes 100 15.9 Estimated average 98 15.6 The calculation of emissions from accommodation can be achieved by multiplying the number of tourists by length of stay and an emission factor (CO 2 per guest night). The total number of international guest nights is estimated by UNWTO to be in the order of 6.1 billion. For domestic tourism, the total number of guest nights is estimated at 13.7 billion. While an average of 19 kg CO 2 per international guest nights is estimated, the emissions for domestic tourism are assumed to be at 11.5 kg CO 2 per guest night, because of lower emission levels in accommodation used by domestic tourist in developing countries (see Annex 2.2.3). Total CO 2 emissions associated with accommodation are estimated at 274 Mt (see Table 11.5). UNWTO, 9 July 2008 Air Car Other Same-day Domestic International (interregional) International (intraregional)
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