Climate Change and Tourism - UNEP - Division of Technology ...

128 Climate Change and Tourism – Responding to Global Challenges
of which:
Car
Total number of trips
(million)
Passenger kilometres
(billion)
Average return distance
(km)
UNWTO, 9 July 2008
Total Same-day
visitors
(domestic
and
international)
Tourist trips (overnight)
Domestic lnternational
Total
5,956 3,641 2,028 287 282 5
3,354 892 2,117 344 338 6
563 245 1,044 1,200 1,200 1,200
Total CO 2 emissions (Mt) 420 115 259 46 45,0 0.8
CO 2 kg per km 0.125 0.129 0.122 0.133 0.133 0.133
CO 2 emissions (kg/trip) 71 32 128 160 160 160
Other (train, coach, ship, etc.)
Total number of trips
(million)
Passenger kilometres
(billion)
Average return distance
(km)
2,924 1,309 1,492 123 118 5
1,809 285 1,376 148 142 6
619 218 922 1,200 1,200 1,200
Total CO 2 emissions (Mt) 45 7 34 4 4 0.2
CO 2 kg per km 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025
CO 2 emissions (kg/trip) 15 5 23 30 30 30
Sources: Approximations by UNWTO based on UNWTO, ICAO and IATA (see Annex 1), and estimated emissions, surface transport
modal split and average distances by the expert team (see Annex 2).
As seen, the modal split of trips and emissions varies substantially between international and domestic
tourism, as well as regarding transport modes. Figure 11.3 illustrates the dominance of domestic trips in
all transport modes. Figure 11.5 shows the split of CO 2 emissions between domestic and international
travel by transport mode. In international tourist trips, air travel causes 87% of CO 2 emissions (321 Mt
CO 2 ), while in domestic tourism the car is the most important contributor to emissions, accounting for
54% (259 Mt CO 2 ). With regard to radiative forcing (Figure 11.6), air travel is the major contributor
both domestically and internationally. It causes approximately 67% of the overall contribution of tourist
transports to climate change. Note that ‘other transport’ is used in an estimated 1.6 billion tourist trips
(overnight), i.e., more than one third of all trips, but causing just 3% of the radiative forcing.
Intraregional
Interregional