The probable impacts of climate change on poverty - UNDP

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Flood, drought, cyclone, sea level rise etc. are the major <strong>climate</strong> induced natural disasters which cause loss <strong>of</strong> livestock, damage pasturelands, increase fodder scarcity, destroy shelters, decrease production, increase management cost through incidence <strong>of</strong> diseases etc. It is also perceive that severe <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> and extremes on livestock affect poverty moderately. But the <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>of</strong> sea level rise affects poverty and economic growth <strong>of</strong> this particular sector severely as stated by the key experts. Drought, salinity intrusion and heat wave affect the sector moderately and consequently, both poverty and economic growth are moderately affected. Thus, the <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> on livestock affect poverty reduction activities and in attaining the MDGs. <strong>The</strong> <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>of</strong> extreme weather events especially, cyclone and storm surge on forestry affect poverty and economic growth in different ways. <strong>The</strong> supper cyclone Sidr destructed one-quarter <strong>of</strong> the Sundarbans and almost 100% afforested trees along its path. Poverty is severely affected by cyclone in the context <strong>of</strong> severity <strong>of</strong> impact on forestry. Livelihoods <strong>of</strong> the poor and marginal communities in the forest areas, especially in the Sundarbans area mostly depend on forest resources. Very pertinently, <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>of</strong> shocks on forestry affect the poor <strong>of</strong> that particular livelihood group. It is perceived that salinity intrusion severely affect forest trees and resources especially in the coastal region. This has moderate <strong>impacts</strong> on poverty and economic growth. <strong>The</strong> other shocks like flood and drought have moderate <strong>impacts</strong> on forestry which has low <strong>impacts</strong> on poverty and economic growth. Besides this, erratic rainfall and temperature variation have low <strong>impacts</strong> on forestry and lower <strong>impacts</strong> on poverty. It is likely that the gradual <strong>change</strong> phenomena such as temperature rise and erratic behaviour <strong>of</strong> rainfall will lead to increased water demand and drought while sea level rise and salinity intrusion will deteriorate water quality in the coastal region. Climate <strong>change</strong> related extreme events particularly cyclone and storm surge will damage water supply and sanitation infrastructure particularly in the coastal region. Flood and cyclone are the two major climatic events which affect industry sector severely. <strong>The</strong> women workers involved in handloom become fully unemployed during flood. In the coastal area, industry and infrastructure are mainly affected by cyclone and storm surge. It destroys buildings <strong>of</strong> industries and machineries in one hand; on the other hand, it destroys roads and other communication networks, power supply networks, water supply networks, and causes health degradation and death <strong>of</strong> workers. Moreover, salinity has large scale <strong>impacts</strong> on industry. Human health suffers from different climatic variability and shocks in different ways. It is revealed from the analysis that health is affected, especially during and after shocks like flood and cyclone. Flood affects sources <strong>of</strong> drinking water and sanitation system through contamination which lead to out break <strong>of</strong> diarrhoea, cholera, skin diseases including scabies, drowning, snake bite and even death. Cyclone, sea level rise and salinity intrusion cause outbreaks <strong>of</strong> diarrhoea, cholera and other water borne diseases, use <strong>of</strong> saline water causes hypertension, increase blood pressure, corrosive effects due to salt in air, scabies and other skin diseases. Besides that, drought, erratic rainfall and temperature variation increase vector borne diseases, heat stroke, malnutrition, fever etc. Cold wave creates respiratory problem, especially that <strong>of</strong> children and the old. Strategies and actions suggested in the report to deal with adverse <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>of</strong> present and future <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> and related disasters are based on suggestions derived from different consultation workshops and key experts’ interviews. Key principles considered in formulating strategies and actions were a) reduction <strong>of</strong> exposure <strong>of</strong> income stream and production systems, b) reduction <strong>of</strong> sensitivity <strong>of</strong> the exposed systems, and c) increase adaptive capacity <strong>of</strong> vulnerable communities. Institutional and capacity building aspects to support implementation <strong>of</strong> actions have also been considered. It was found that there is similarity <strong>of</strong> suggestions mentioned here and in the national <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> strategy and action plan. In order to address adverse <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> and reduction <strong>of</strong> greenhouse gas emission in the context <strong>of</strong> poverty and national economic growth, a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>change</strong>s have been suggested by different stakeholders including <strong>change</strong>s in planning process while designing programs and projects by different ministries and departments in the <strong>climate</strong> sensitive geographical region. <strong>The</strong>se include short, medium and long term perspective <strong>of</strong> <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>, create enabling conditions to incorporate <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> perspectives, ensure participation <strong>of</strong> all relevant stakeholders particularly potential vulnerable communities to <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>. <strong>The</strong> Probable Impacts <strong>of</strong> Climate Change on Poverty and Economic Growth and the Options <strong>of</strong> Coping with adverse Effect <strong>of</strong> Climate Change in Bangladesh xv
General Economic Division being a focal point for developing medium and long term plans for Bangladesh and facilitating key decision making process <strong>of</strong> the Government <strong>of</strong> Bangladesh, it needs to play an important role to address <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> <strong>impacts</strong> and vulnerability in their planning process. In order to bring <strong>change</strong>s General Economic Division <strong>of</strong> the Planning Commission has to improve its capability as well as facilitate other relevant ministries and departments. <strong>The</strong> following are major areas for immediate attention and action has been suggested. Knowledge and Research Encourage and motivate relevant sectoral ministries and department to enhance existing research and initiate new research linking <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>, poverty and economic growth; Develop disaggregated database on <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>, poverty and economic growth to facilitate quantitative analysis and assessment on inter-linkage among <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> <strong>impacts</strong>, poverty and economic growth and designing different interventions to address <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>; Facilitate development <strong>of</strong> a comprehensive landuse and land zoning plan for proper utilization <strong>of</strong> land resources to support poverty reduction and economic growth in a sustainable manner. <strong>The</strong> land zoning also should incorporate <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> as it will bring <strong>change</strong>s characteristics <strong>of</strong> physical environment; and Support facilities for information gathering through scientific research, and made provision to support activities addressing poverty, economic growth and <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> together. Capacity Building General Economic Division <strong>of</strong> the Planning Commission should setup a Climate Change Unit to enhance GED’s knowledge base. It should also build awareness and capacity <strong>of</strong> staff <strong>of</strong> planning cell <strong>of</strong> every ministry and department. <strong>The</strong> proposed <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> unit must coordinate with all relevant government agencies at all levels, including both vertical and horizontal while designing and implementing project; GED should made provision for financial support to enhance technical capacity <strong>of</strong> other ministries and departments to incorporate <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> in development and implementation <strong>of</strong> project. Policy Issues Initiating policy review toward incorporation <strong>of</strong> <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> issues in the policy, programme and project development; General Economic Division (GED) will give priority to the programme and project addressing poverty, economic growth and <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> together; GED should facilitate/expedite extension <strong>of</strong> available research knowledge and good practices/technologies addressing <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>, poverty and economic growth together; GED should emphasize agriculture friendly planning process by incorporating CC <strong>impacts</strong> In order to address the above need, this study has recommended three immediate activities to understand the issues related to inter-linkage among <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>, poverty and economic growth and facilitate decision making process. <strong>The</strong>se are a) enhance understanding and knowledge on <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> and development with special focus on poverty and economic growth, b) quantitative analysis and assessment <strong>of</strong> <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> <strong>impacts</strong> on economic growth and poverty by regions and livelihood groups, and c) Capacity Enhancement <strong>of</strong> Planning Cadre on Climate Change Issues. xvi <strong>The</strong> Probable Impacts <strong>of</strong> Climate Change on Poverty and Economic Growth and the Options <strong>of</strong> Coping with adverse Effect <strong>of</strong> Climate Change in Bangladesh
Page 2 and 3: Policy Study on The</strong
Page 4: Foreword The Gener
Page 7 and 8: 5.2.1 Observed Changes 26 5.2.1.1 T
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Tab
Page 11 and 12: x ADB Asian Development Bank AEZ Ag
Page 14 and 15: Executive Summary The</stro
Page 18: Responding to The
Page 21 and 22: Goal 2: Achieve universal primary e
Page 24: The Probable Impac
Page 28: The Probable Impac
Page 31 and 32: One of the critica
Page 33 and 34: 3.3.1.3 Interview with Key Experts
Page 36 and 37: 4.1 Climate Change - Global Context
Page 38: the glaciers recede. Freshwater ava
Page 42 and 43: 5. Bangladesh is already vulnerable
Page 44 and 45: during the month of</strong
Page 46 and 47: 5.3 Changes in Sea Level and Salini
Page 48 and 49: 5.4 Extreme Climatic Events Natural
Page 50 and 51: Source: BWDB, 2007 (Annual flood re
Page 52 and 53: Cyclone Year Maximum Wind Speed (Kp
Page 54: Table 5.12 Drought Affected Area 17
Page 58 and 59: 6.1 Context of Vul
Page 60 and 61: Reduction of crop
Page 62 and 63: estimated that 1.39, 1.26 and 14.48
Page 64 and 65: Table 6.9 Perception of</st
Page 66 and 67:
extreme. Key difference will be fre
Page 68 and 69:
6.7 Industry and Infrastructure Cli
Page 70 and 71:
6.8.1 Impacts of C
Page 72 and 73:
Table 6.14 Dengue outbreak history
Page 74:
The Probable Impac
Page 78 and 79:
7. Relationship among clima
Page 80 and 81:
of food insecurity
Page 82 and 83:
Climatic Events The</strong
Page 84 and 85:
This has moderate impacts</
Page 86 and 87:
7.4.1 Impacts of H
Page 88 and 89:
Hazard profile Cyc
Page 90 and 91:
7.4.3.5 % of HH Ex
Page 92 and 93:
Figure 7.1 Existing Impacts <strong
Page 94:
The Probable Impac
Page 97 and 98:
Binding boats and nets with trees C
Page 100:
The Probable Impac
Page 103 and 104:
Exposed Systems Forestry 86 Exposed
Page 105 and 106:
Exposed Systems Homestead 9.2 Reduc
Page 107 and 108:
Exposed Systems Fisheries Forestry
Page 109 and 110:
Exposed Systems Housing Aquaculture
Page 111:
Exposed Systems Health Fogginess Di
Page 115 and 116:
10. In order to address adverse <st
Page 117 and 118:
10.5 Immediate Projects for Impleme
Page 119:
The Probable Impac
Page 122 and 123:
each ministry); focusing, to start
Page 125 and 126:
12.1 Climate Climate in a narrow se
Page 127 and 128:
20. MoEF (2005). National Adaptatio
Page 129 and 130:
Sl No. Name and Designation Sector
Page 131 and 132:
Sl No. Name and Designation Sector
Page 133:
Exposed Systems Health Fogginess Di
show all

The probable impacts of climate change on poverty - UNDP

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?