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सैनिक ऐन, २०६३

सैनिक ऐन, २०६३

सैनिक ऐन, २०६३

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;}lgs P]g, @)^#k|dfl0f/0f / k|sfzg ldlt@)^#.^.!@@)^# ;fnsf] P]g g= &g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL sfg"gdf ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0fsf] Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]gk|:tfjgf M P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffd :j?k g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt/x]sf] / /fHo zlQmsf] ;|f]t g]kfnL hgtf g} /x]sf] xF'bf g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoLagfpg g]kfnL ;]gfsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf, lgoGq0f, k|of]u / kl/rfng ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"gLJoj:yfdf ;dofg's"n ;+zf]wg tyf PsLs/0f ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],k|ltlglw ;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @)^# hf/L ePsf] klxnf] jif{df k|ltlglw ;efn] of] P]g agfPsf]5 .kl/R5]b–!k|f/lDes!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æ;}lgs P]g, @)^#Æ /x]sf]5 .-@_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,–-s_ æg]kfnL ;]gfÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t g]kfnL ;]gfdf lgo'Qm JolQmx¿sf] ;fd"lxs;Ë7g jf To;sf] s'g} cË ;Demg' k5{ .-v_ æan -kmf];{_Æ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] vf; sfdsf] lgldQ v8f u/]sf] g]kfnL ;]gfsf]s'g} cË jf ;d"xsf] ;Ël7t an ;Demg' k5{ .-u_ æhËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf]Æ eGgfn] b]xfosf s'g} cj:yf ;Demg' k5{ M–-!_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s'g} cË eO{ jf To:tf] cË;Fu ldnL zq' lj?4 sf/afxLdf nfu]sf]jf sfd ul//x]sf],-@_ k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf zq'n] sAhf ul//fv]sf] d'n's jf :yfgdf hËL sf/afxLul//x]sf] jf To:tf] d'n's jf :yfglt/ a9\b} u}/x]sf] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s'g} cË e} jfTo:tf] ;]gf;Fu ldnL sfd ul//x]sf],-#_ s'g} ljb]zL d'n'ssf] ;}lgssf] sAhfdf /x]sf] avt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s'g} cË e} jfTo:tf] ;]gf;Fu ldnL sfd ul//x]sf],-$_ xltof/ lnO{ jf glnO{ ljWj+;fTds jf lx+;fTds sf/afxLdf nfu]sf jf nfUg]cfzÍf ePsf h'g;'s} JolQm jf ;d"x lj?4 g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s'g} cË e} jf To:tf];]gf;Fu ldnL cfGtl/s ;'/Iffsf] sf/afxLdf ;+nUg /x]sf],-%_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] bkmf !#% adf]lhd hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] egL 3f]if0ff u/]sf] .


-t_ æzq'Æ eGgfn] o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ h'g;'s} JolQmn] sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ ;z:q;}lgs ljb|f]xL, ;z:q b]zb|f]xL, ;z:q pkb|jL, ;z:q 8fFs' tyf cGo h'g;'s} ;z:qJolQm ;Demg' k5{ .-y_ æ;}lgs cbfntÆ eGgfn] bkmf ^& adf]lhdsf] hg/n ;}lgs cbfnt, ;d/L hg/n;}lgs cbfnt, l8li6«S6 ;}lgs cbfnt, ;d/L ;}lgs cbfnt / bkmf !!( adf]lhdsf];}lgs ljz]if cbfnt ;Demg' kg]{5 .-b_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf @( adf]lhdsf] ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]if ;~rfng tyfJoj:yfkg ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .-w_ æsNof0fsf/L sfo{Æ eGgfn] axfnjfnf tyf e"tk"j{ ;}lgs JolQm / lghsf kl/jf/sf]lxtsf] nflu ljdf, cf}ifwf]krf/, :jf:Yo, 5fqj[lQ, cfjf; pknAw u/fpg] tyf SoflG6g;~rfng ug]{ sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ljBfno tyf dxfljBfno :yfkgf u/L;~rfng ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .-g_ æsNof0fsf/L of]hgfÆ eGgfn] sNof0fsf/L sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] cfod"ns sfo{;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] g]kfndf :yfkgf x'g] k"jf{wf/ Pj+ ;]jfd"ns kl/of]hgf, ljQLo;+:yf tyf pBf]u Joj;fodf tf]lsPsf] cfwf/df C0f jf z]o/ nufgL ug]{ sfo{nfO{;d]t hgfpF5 .t/ o:tf] nufgL k|j4{ssf] ?kdf x'g] 5}g .-k_ æcfod"ns sfo{Æ eGgfn] sNof0fsf/L sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdcg'dlt k|fKt u/L s'g} ;+:yfdf nufgL u/L cfo cfh{g ug]{ sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .Æ-km_ æ;}lgs k|x/L k|d'vÆ eGgfn] bkmf &* adf]lhd lgo'Qm ;}lgs k|x/L k|d'v ;Demg' k5{ /;f] zAbn] lghsf] dftxtdf /xL lghsf] tk{maf6 sfg"g jdf]lhd clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{cGo h'g;'s} JolQm ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .-a_ æk|f8 ljjfsÆ eGgfn] bkmf *! adf]lhd ;}lgs cbfntdf k|f8 ljjfssf] ?kdfpkl:yt x'g] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .-e_ æcGo cbfntÆ eGgfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ul7t ;}lgs cbfnt afx]ssf] cGocbfnt ;Demg' k5{ .-d_ æljefuLo ;hfoÆ eGgfn] bkmf !)% adf]lhd lbOg] ljefuLo ;hfo ;Demg' k5{ .-o_ æsf/fuf/Æ eGgfn] sf/fuf/ ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] sf/fuf/ ;Demg' k5{ /;f] zAbn] bkmf !#^ adf]lhdsf] ;}lgs sf/fuf/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .-/_ æcfb]zÆ eGgfn] of] P]g tyf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgodx¿ adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKtclwsf/Ln] hf/L u/]sf] cfb]z ;Demg' k5{ .3


%= g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, k|of]u / kl/rfng M -!_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, k|of]u / kl/rfng/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfng ;DaGwL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o tL;lbgleq cg'df]bgsf] nflu k|ltlglw;ef, ;'/Iff ljz]if ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .^= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb M -!_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, k|of]u / kl/rfngsf nflu g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/;ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /x]sf] Ps /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb/xg]5 M–-s_ k|wfgdGqL− cWoIf-v_ /Iff dGqL-u_ u[x dGqL-3_ cy{ dGqL− ;b:o− ;b:o− ;b:o-ª_ k//fi6« dGqL− ;b:o-@_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\n] cfˆgf] a}7sdf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo dGqL, k|wfg;]gfklt, g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrj, ;lrj nufot cGo ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'v jfljz]if1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt sfdsf] cltl/Qm /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] sfd, st{Jotyf clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 M–-s_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, k|of]u / kl/rfng ;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdtof/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug]{,-v_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;ª\Vof / ;Ë7gfTds ;+/rgf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfjk]z ug]{,-u_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos ;'emfj k]z ug]{,-3_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] xltof/, v/vhfgf tyf cGo ;}Go ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdfg]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos ;'emfj k]z ug]{,-ª_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfd ug]{ .-$_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] ;lrjsf] sfd /Iff dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] ug]{5 . lghsf]cg'kl:yltdf k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf] clws[tn] ug]{5 .-%_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng ug{sf nflu /Iff dGqfno cGtu{tPs ;lrjfno /xg]5 . ;lrjfno ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .5


-^_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ cfkm}n] lgwf{/0fu/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .&= ;Ë7gsf] :j?k M -!_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;Ë7g ;dfj]zL / /fli6«o :j?ksf] x'g]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos gLlt,of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd agfpg]5 .-#_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;Ë7gfTds ;+/rgf tyf b/jGbL ;ª\Vof g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 .t/ dxf/yLsf] b/jGbL Psdfq /xg]5 / ;f]xL dxf/yLnfO{ k|wfg ;]gfkltdf lgo'lQmul/g]5 .-$_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;+u7gdf k|wfg ;]gfklt / cg';"rL–! df pNn]v ePsf kbx?/xg]5g\ .kl/R5]b–#k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] lgo'lQm, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/*= k|wfg ;]gfklt M -!_ k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] lgo'lQm g]kfn ;/sf/af6 x'g]5 . lghnfO{ bHof{gL lrGxk|wfgdGqLaf6 k|bfg ul/g]5 .-@_ k|wfg ;]gfklt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k|d'v x'g]5 .-#_ ljbfdf a;]sf] jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] kb l/Qm x'g cfPsf] cj:yfdfg]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] jl/i7 clws[tn] sfod d'sfod eO{ k|wfg ;]gfkltsf]sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg]5 .(= g]kfn ;/sf/k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g] M -!_ k|wfg ;]gfklt cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ sfd st{Josf];DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .-@_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] cfˆgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 cg';"rL–@ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdfk|wfgdGqL ;dIf zky lng' kg]{5 .!)= k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lbPsf] lgb]{zg / k|rlntsfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkg ug'{ k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] sfd / st{Jo x'g]5 .-@_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] k|To]s jif{ j}zfv dlxgfleq g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwLjflif{s k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k|:t't ug]{5 / To;/L k|fKt k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/n]k|ltlglw ;efdf k|:t't u/L /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltdf 5nkmn u/fO{g]5 .-#_ k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ of] P]g tyf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sflgodx¿df tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .6


!!= pd]/sf] xb tyf kbfjlw M -!_ k|wfg ;]gfklt ^! jif{sf] pd]/;Dd cfˆgf] kbdf axfn/xg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] kbfjlw tLg jif{sf] x'g]5 .-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos ;Dem]df;f] cjlw k"/f x'g' cufj} k|wfg ;]gfkltnfO{ cjsfz lbg ;Sg]5 . To;/L cjsfz lbg' k"j{;kmfO{sf] df}sf lbO{g]5 .-$_ of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf] k|wfg ;]gfklt pkbkmf -@_ sf] cwLgdf/xL cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .kl/R5]b–$lgo'lQm tyf ;]jfsf zt{x¿!@= lgo'lQm tyf kb k"lt{ M -!_ g]kfnL ;]gfdf l/Qm clws[t txsf] kb k"lt{sf nflu l;kmfl/; ug{nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] tf]s]sf] ;f] cfof]usf] ;b:osf] cWoIftfdf/ clws[teGbf tNnf] txsf] kb k"lt{sf nflu l;kmfl/;ug{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglw;d]t ;b:o /xg] u/L tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] kbk"lt{ ;ldlt /xg]5 .t/ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] lnlvt k/LIff ;DaGwL sfo{ u/L nf]s ;]jfcfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xa/df ;f] jfx]ssf cGo k/LIff ;~rfng ug{ o;bkmfdf n]lvPsf s'/fn] s'g} afwf k'Ug] 5}g .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .-#_ kbk"lt{ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-$_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf ljleGg kbdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .!#= cof]Uotf M -!_ b]xfosf] JolQm g]kfnL ;]gfdf lgo'Qm x'g cof]Uo dflgg]5 M–-s_ u}/ g]kfnL gful/s,-v_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf],-u_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L avf{:t ePsf],-3_ dfgj clwsf/ xggdf s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf],-ª_ bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf gePsf] .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ df n]lvPsf] s'/fn] cNksfnsf] nflu u}/ g]kfnLgful/saf6 k|fljlws tyf ljz]if1 ;]jf k|fKt ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg]5}g .7


!$= lgo'Qm ug]{ clwsf/L M o; P]gsf] bkmf !@ adf]lhd kb k"lt{ ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfnL;]gfsf] clws[t txsf] kbdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] / cGo txsf] kbdf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] lgo'Qmug]{5 .!%= cfo'Qm kb k|bfg ug]{ M of] P]g tyf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgodx¿df plNnlvtJoj:yfx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL of]Uo 7xl/Psf g]kfnL ;]gfsf clws[tnfO{ /IffdGqLn] cfo'Qm kbk|bfg ug{]5 .!^= zky u|x0f ug]{ M g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g] k|To]s JolQmn] cg';"rL–@ df tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 9fFFrfdf zky lng' kg]{5 .!&= ;]jfsf] cjlw M -!_ bkmf !! df pNn]v ePb]lv afx]s g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{/t clws[tsf]pd]/sf] xb cg';"rL–# df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnL ;]gfsf clws[tsf] kbfjlw cg';"rL–$ df pNn]veP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg nfdf] cjlw;Dd ;]jf u/Lzf/Ll/s ?kdf ;Ifd /x]sf clws[tsf] ;]jf g]kfnL ;]gfsf nflu cfjZos 5 egL dgfl;acfwf/ / sf/0f vf]nL g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k|wfg ;]gfkltn] l;kmfl/; u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/n]cg';"rL–% adf]lhd kbfjlw yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .!*= ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] tyf bhf{ 36fpg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{/t h'g;'s}JolQmnfO{ klg ;]jfaf6 x6fpg jf avf{:t ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] clws[t afx]s g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{/t h'g;'s} JolQmnfO{ klg tNnf]tnadfgdf cf]x«fNg jf bhf{ 36fpg jf ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;Sg]5 .-#_ rd', k[tgf, jflxgL jf ;f] ;/xsf klt jf ;f] ;/x clVtof/ kfPsf clws[tn],clws[t / klbs jfx]s cfˆgf] dftxtdf /x]sf h'g;'s} JolQmnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg jf bhf{36fpg ;Sg]5 .-$_ o'lg6, ;j–o'lg6sf sdfl08Ë clws[tn] cfˆgf] dftxtdf /x]sf x'2f / ;f]eGbftNnf] bhf{sf ;}lgsnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg jf bhf{ 36fpg ;Sg]5 .-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sflgodx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL ug'{ kg]{5 .-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ubf{ ;kmfO{sf] df}sf k|bfg ul/g]5 .-&_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQm sfo{ef/af6 d'Qm eP kl5 jf x'g]cj:yfdf lghsf] sdfl08Ë clws[tn] lghnfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f vf]lnPsf] k|df0fkqlbg]5 .8


!(= ;+3, ;+:yf vf]Ng, ;~rfng ug{ tyf efu lng gx'g] M -!_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g}klg JolQmn] b]xfosf] sfd sf/afxL ug'{ xF '+b}g M–-s_ ;+3, ;+:yf jf ;Ë7g vf]Ng, ;~rfng ug{, ;b:o aGg, ;xof]u ug{ jf To:tf];+3, ;+:yf jf ;Ë7gn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmddf efu lng,-v_ s'g} ;efdf efu lng, efif0f ug{ jf /fhgLlts jf o:t} cGo p2]Zoaf6 s'g}JolQm jf ;d"xn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] k|bz{gdf efu lng,-u_ s'g} krf{, kfDKn]6 jf To:t} k|sf/sf cGo sfuhkqx¿ 5kfpg .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; P]gsf]If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g}wfld{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts tyf dgf]/~hgfTds ;+3, ;+:yf jf ;Ë7gnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ jfTo:tf] ;+3, ;+:yf jf ;Ë7gåf/f cfof]lht sfo{qmddf efu lng afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .@)= tfnLd tyf k|lzIf0f M -!_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;+u7gdf ;dfj]z ul/g] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ ;}lgslzIff, cfr/0f, zf/Ll/s cEof;, dfgj clwsf/ / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg"g nufotsfljifodf tfnLd tyf k|lzIf0f lbOg]5 .x'g]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] tfnLd tyf k|lzIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd@!= a9'jf, ljbf / ;]jfsf cGo zt{ tyf ;'ljwf M g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf, ljbf / ;]jfsfcGo zt{ tyf ;'ljwf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .kl/R5]b–%;'ljwf tyf pGd'lQm@@ st{Jo kfngsf] l;nzLnfdf u/]sf] sfdsf] arfp M o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmn]cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf c;n lgotn] u/]sf] s'g} sfo{af6 s;}sf] d[To' ePdf jfs;}nfO{ Iflt x'g uPdf To:tf] JolQm pk/ s'g} klg cbfntdf d'2f rnfpg ;lsg] 5}g .t/ bkmf ^@ / ^^ df plNnlvt s;"/x?nfO{ st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf c;n lgotn]ul/Psf] sfo{ dflgg] 5}g .:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æst{Jokfngsf] l;nl;nfdf c;n lgotn] ul/Psf]s'g} sfo{Æ eGgfn] st{Jokfngf ubf{ ul/g] sfo{sf ;fy} cfGtl/s ;'/Iff jf cfTd/Iffsf] nfluul/g] sfo{, ˆNofudfr{, k]6«f]lnË, rk6] 8\o'6L ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .@#= kqmfpaf6 pGd'lQm M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntsf] s'g} cWoIf jf ;b:o jf k|f8 ljjfs jf ;}lgscbfntsf] sf/afxL;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} JolQm, lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foL, jfl/; jf ;}lgs9


cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] ;dfx\jfg jdf]lhd xflh/ x'g cfpg] ;fIfLnfO{ ;}lgs cbfntdfxflh/ x'g hfg nfu]sf] jf ToxfFaf6 kmls{/x]sf] ;dodf s'g} cbfnt jf cw{ Goflosclwsf/Lsf] cfb]zn] kqmfp ul/g] 5}g .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} JolQmnfO{ klqmPsf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPdf ;}lgscbfntn] ;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ To;/L kqmfp k/]sf] JolQm t'?Gt 5f]l8lbgsf nflu cg'/f]wug{ ;Sg]5 .-#_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQm hËL sf/afxLdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf lghn]ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ C0f afkt lghnfO{ s'g} cbfnt jf cw{ Goflos clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{o, km};nfjf cfb]zn] y'g5]s ul/g] 5}g .-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kqmfp ug{ gx'g] JolQm kqmfp k/]sf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'gcfPdf cGo cbfnt jf cw{ Goflos clwsf/Ln] t'?Gt 5f]l8lbg' kg]{5 .@$= /f]Ssf jf hkmt gul/g] M ;}lgs cbfnt afx]s cGo cbfnt jf cw{ Goflos clwsf/Lsf]lg0f{o, km};nf jf cfb]zn] o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmn] cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngsf]l;nl;nfdf k|of]u u/]sf xft xltof/, nQfsk8f, ;}lgs ;/;fdfg, hgfj/, ;jf/L ;fwg /dfn;fdfg nufot tna, eQf k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf /f]Ssf jf hkmt ul/g] 5}g .@%= hu]8f ann] kfpg] pGd'lQm / ;'ljwf M bkmf @# sf] pkbkmf -#_ / bkmf @$ adf]lhdsf]pGd'lQm tyf ;'ljwf hu]8f andf /x]sf JolQmn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 tflnd jf sfddfaf]nfOPsf] avt hfFbf cfpFbf jf sfddf /lx/xFbfsf] cj:yfdf klg kfpg]5g\ .@^= d'2f dfldnfdf k|fyldstf M -!_ g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{/t s'g} JolQm kIf eO{ s'g} c•f cbfntdfbfo/ /x]sf] d'2f ;'g'jfOsf] qmddf cfˆgf] ljbf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Laf6 ;f] k|of]hgsf] nfluljbf :jLs[t u/fO{ pkl:yt ePsf] /x]5 eg] lghn] ljbfsf] cjlwleq d'2fsf] lsgf/f ug{ ljbf:jLs[t ePsf] kq / d'2fsf] ljj/0f ;d]t ;+nUg u/L lgj]bg lbPdf ;DalGwt c•f cbfntn]klg ljbfsf] cjlwleq} To:tf] d'2fsf] lsgf/f ul/lbg k|fyldstfsf] qmddf /flvlbg' kg]{5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t lbOg] lgj]bg afkt b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .-#_ ljbfsf] cjlwleq d'2fsf] lsgf/f x'g g;Sg] ePdf c•f cbfntn] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf]hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .-$_ ljbf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Lsf] ljifodf k|Zg p7]df k[tgfklt jf jflxgLklt jf ;f];/xsf clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .@&= dsf{ jf cGofo k/]sf] ljifodf ph'/L M -!_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} clws[tnfO{sdfl08Ë clws[t jf cfk"meGbf dflysf] clws[tn] s'g} ljifodf dsf{ kf/]df ;f] lj?4 lghn]cfˆgf] sdfl08Ë clws[t ;dIf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 .10


-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf sdfl08Ë clws[t jf kltn] lbPsf]lg0f{odf lrQ ga'‰g] JolQmn] k|wfg ;]gfklt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .-#_ clws[t txeGbf d'lgsf] JolQmsf] xsdf lghn] ;DalGwt klt ;dIf ph'/L lbg;Sg]5 .-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ph'/L lbFbf kltaf6 lghnfO{ k/]sf] dsf{sf] ;'g'jfO gePsf]cj:yfdf sdfl08Ë clws[t;dIf / sdfl08Ë clws[taf6 klg ;'g'jfO gePdf jf lghsf]lg0f{odf lrQ ga'em]df ;f]eGbf dflyNnf] txsf sdfl08Ë clws[t ;dIf ph'/L lbg kfpg]5 /To:tf] ph'/L kg{ cfPdf sdfl08Ë clws[tn] To:tf] ph'/jfnfnfO{ ;f]sf] lg:;f lbO{ dflyNnf]txdf k7fOlbg' kg]{5 . sdfl08Ë clws[tn] To:tf] ph'/L dflyNnf] txdf gk7fPdf lgh pk/cg'zf;gfTds sf/afxL x'g]5 .-%_ pkbkmf -!_ / -$_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ph'/L ;'Gg] clws[tn]hfFrj'em u/L ph'/jfnfnfO{ k/]sf] dsf{ lg/fs/0f ug'{ kg]{5 / cfjZos k/]df ph'/LnfO{cfk"meGbf dflysf] clws[t ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .-^_ ph'/L ;'Gg] clws[t lj?4 g} ph'/ ug{' kg]{ /x]5 eg] dsf{ kg]{ JolQmn] To:tf]clws[teGbf dflysf] clws[t ;dIf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 .-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] ph'/L ;DaGwdf k|wfg ;]gfkltaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o clGtdx'g]5 .-*_ ph'/Lsf] ;'g'jfO ug]{ tl/sf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-(_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] d'gfl;a 7fg]df o; bkmf adf]lhd ePsf] lg0f{osf] k'g/fjnf]sgug{ ;Sg]5 .@*= k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|fKt ;'ljwfdf c;/ gkfg]{ M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd k|fKt x'g];'ljwfnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|fKt u/]sf] cGo ;'ljwfn] c;/ kfg]{ 5}g .kl/R5]b–^;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]if@(= sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng M -!_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf axfnjfnf tyf e"tk"j{ JolQm /lghsf kl/jf/sf] sNof0f ;DaGwL sfo{sf nflu Ps sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf /sdx? /xg]5g\ M–-s_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] cfJxfgdf ljZjsf] s'g} klg efudf zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{dfvl6Psf g]kfnL ;]gfn] ;]jf u/] afkt k|fKt x'g] /sdaf6 tf]lsP adf]lhdsf]k|ltztn] s§f u/]sf] /sd,11


-v_ ljleGg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf hDdf u/]sf] /sddf k|fKt Aofhaf6 sNof0fsf/Lsfo{ ;~rfng u/L art x'g cfPsf] /sd,-u_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf sNof0fsf/L sfo{df nufgL u/L cfh{g u/]sf] /sd,-3_ ;Djt\ @)#@ ;fn cfiff9 dlxgfb]lv of] P]g k|f/De x'+bfsf] avt;Ddsf] d"nwgsf]?kdf ljleGg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /flvPsf] /sd / ;f]af6 k|fKt Jofh /sd,-ª_ sNof0fsf/L sfo{sf] nflu g]kfnL hËL c•fn] tf]s]sf] ;+:yfsf] gfddf /x]sf] rncrn ;DklQ / ;f]af6 a9] a9fPsf] /sd,-r_ sNof0fsf/L sfo{sf] nflu g]kfnL ;]gfn] xfn k|of]u ul//x]sf] rn crn ;DklQ /;f]af6 a9] a9fPsf] /sd .-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sNof0fsf/L sf]if ;~rfng ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ft;b:oLo Ps ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]if ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /xg]5 M–-s_ k|wfg ;]gfklt– cWoIf-v_ ;+/Ifsaf6 e"tk"j{ /axfnjfnf ;}lgs clws[tdWo]af6 dgf]gLt b'O{hgf – ;b:o-u_ k|wfg ;]gfkltaf6 axfnjfnf/ e"tk"j{ ;}lgs clws[tdWo]af6 dgf]gLt b'O{hgf – ;b:o-3_ k|ltlglw cy{ dGqfno-/f=k=k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t_ – ;b:o-ª_ k|ltlglw /Iff dGqfno-/f=k=k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t_ – ;b:o-$_ ;ldltsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu g]kfnL hËL c•fdf PssNof0fsf/L of]hgf lgb]{zgfno /xg]5 . o;sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhdx'g]5 .-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd g]kfnL ;]gfsfaxfnjfnf tyf e"tk"j{ JolQm / lghx?sf kl/jf/sf] sNof0fsf] nflu tf]lsP adf]lhd vr{ul/g]5 .:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ækl/jf/Æ eGgfn] g]kfnL ;]gfsf e"tk"j{ tyfaxfnjfnf JolQmn] cfkm}+n] kfng kf]if0f ug'{ kg]{ klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f, 5f]/L / cfdf afa' /dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf ;f;", ;;"/f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .12


#)= sf]ifsf] ;+/Ifs M k|wfgdGqL sf]ifsf] ;+/Ifs / /Iff dGqfno x]g]{ dGqL ;x ;+/Ifs /xg]5 .#!= ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–-s_ sNof0fsf/L sfo{ / tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cfod"ns sfo{ tyf sNof0fsf/L of]hgf th'{df,sfof{Gjog, ;dGjo tyf cg'udg ug]{,-v_ ;}lgs s[ofsnfkdf ;+nUg /xFbfsf] cj:yfdf d[To' ePsf jf cËeË ePsf ;}lgssfkl/jf/sf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos kg]{ sNof0fsf/L sfo{ ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,-u_ sNof0fsf/L sfo{ cGtu{tsf ;'ljwf tyf ;x"nLot 36fpg], a9fpg] jf x6fpg],-3_ sNof0fsf/L sfo{, cfod"ns sfo{ tyf sNof0fsf/L of]hgf ;~rfng ug{sf] nflucfjZos kg]{ sfo{ljlw tyf lgb]{lzsf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{,-ª_ g]kfnL ;]gfn] pkef]u ul//x]sf] hUuf tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/df g]kfnL hËL c•f;Fu;Demf}tf u/L sNof0fsf/L sfo{ ug]{,-r_ sNof0fsf/L sfo{, cfod"ns sfo{ tyf sNof0fsf/L of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZostfcg';f/ k|zf;lgs, cfly{s tyf k|fljlws PsfO{ u7g u/L ;f] PsfOsf] nflu cfjZoshgzlQm lgo'lQm u/L lghsf] ;]jf, zt{ tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg],-5_ sNof0fsf/L sfo{, sNof0fsf/L of]hgf tyf cfod"ns sfo{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] sfof{Gjgug{sf nflu ljz]if1 lgo'lQm ug]{ / lghsf] ;]jf, zt{ tyf kfl/>lds tf]Sg],-h_ sNof0fsf/L sfo{, cfod"ns sfo{ tyf sNof0fsf/L of]hgf ;~rfng ePsf :yfgsf];'/Iffsf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ axfnjfnf ;}lgs JolQm v6fpg],-em_ of] P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL rn crn ;+klQ k|fKt ug]{, vl/b ug]{, axfndf lng], pkof]uug]{, tyf a]r ljvg ug]{,-`_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{ ug]{ .#@= sf]ifsf] n]vf tyf n]vf k/LIf0f M -!_ sf]ifsf] b}lgs cfo Joosf] n]vf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd/flvg]5 / sf]ifsf] cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .-@_ sf]ifsf] clGtd n]vf k/LIf0f dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 x'g]5 .##= jflif{s k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ M k|To]s jif{ ;ldltn] sf]ifsf] cfo, Joo / k|ult ljj/0f ;lxtsf]k|ltj]bg ;+/Ifs ;dIf k]z u/L To;sf] k|lt k|ltlglw ;ef, /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltnfO{ ;d]tpknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .#$= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ;ldltnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ dWo] s'g} clwsf/cfjZostf cg';f/ sNof0fsf/L of]hgf lgb]{zgfnonfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .13


#%= ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnotaf6 al~rt ul/g] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf axfnjfnf / e"tk"j{;}lgs JolQm jf lghsf kl/jf/nfO{ k"/} jf cf+l;s?kdf sNof0fsf/L sfo{ cGtu{t ;~rflntsfo{qmdaf6 lbOg] ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnotaf6 al~rt ug{ ;lsg]5 M–-s_ g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ cfFr k'¥ofpg] sfo{ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf,-v_ ;+ljwfg tyf o; P]g ljk/Lt sfd u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf,-u_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd k|fKt ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot b'?kof]u u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf,-3_ /fHo lj?4sf] ck/fwdf ;hfo kfPdf .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg axfnjfnf tyf e"tk"j{ ;}lgsJolQm jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] h'g ;b:on] pklgod -!_ df pNn]lvt sfo{ u/]sf]5 ;f] ;b:onfO{dfq sNof0fsf/L sfo{ cGtu{t ;~rflnt sfo{qmdaf6 lbOg] ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnotaf6 al~rtul/g]5 .#^= cGo Joj:yf M ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf] k|of]u, ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cGoJoj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .kl/R5]b–&s;"/#&= s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg] M o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQmn] bkmf #* b]lv ^% ;Ddsf] s'g}sfo{ u/]df o; P]g adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .#*= zq' ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf s'g} sfo{ u/]df zq' ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ cfk"mn] ;'/Iffsf] lhDdf lnPsf] s'g} Uofl/hg, lsNnf, rf}sL, 7fpFsf] kfnf] kx/f 5f]8]dfjf gfdb{uL u/L zq'nfO{ ;'lDklbPdf jf To:tf] sfd ug{ u/fpg s'g} sdfl08Ëclws[t jf c? s;}nfO{ k|]l/t u/fPdf jf ljjz kf/]df,-v_ zq'sf] ;fd" nfhdbf]{ lsl;dn] xft xltof/, v/–vhfgf, ;/;fdfg ˆofFs]df jfsfy/kgf emlNsg] cGo b'Jo{jxf/ u/]df,-u_ o'4 jf ;}lgs sf/afxL rln/x]sf] ;dodf Uofl/hg, SofDk jf kN6gnfO{ x/]; v'jfpg]jf cftlÍt u/fpg] p2]Zon] e"mf va/ k}mnfPdf,-3_ g]kfn /fHo lj?4 xft xltof/ p7fO/fv]sf] s'g} JolQm jf zq';Fu b]zsf lj?4ljZjf;3ft x'g] u/L kq Jojxf/ jf uf]Ko vj/ cfbfg k|bfg u/]df jf cGo s'g} sfdu/]df,-ª_ zq'nfO{ xft xltof/, uf]nL–uf, gub lhG;L nufotsf s'g} lhG;L ;/ ;fdfg lbO{k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf d2t u/]df,-r_ g]kfnL ;]gf jf To;sf] s'g} an jf cËnfO{ c;kmn agfpg] s'g} sfd u/]df,14


-5_ ljZjf;3ft u/L jf sfy/kgf b]vfO{ zq' ;dIf o'4lj>fdsf] em08f p7fPdf,-h_ s}bL ag]sf] zq';Fu /fhLv'zLn] ldn]/ sfd u/]df jf zq'nfO{ ;xof]u u/]df,-em_ o'4aGbL eO{ g/x]sf] s'g} zq'nfO{ hfgL hfgL cf>o lbPdf jf /Iff u/]df,-~f_ n8fOF jf cftÍsf] ;dodf rk6] -;]06«L_ eP/ cfˆgf] kf]i6df lgbfPdf jf s'g} klgk|sf/sf] nfu" cf}ifw jf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/]df,-6_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmnfO{ zq' la?4 sfd sf/afxL ug{ glbg], afwflj/f]w v8f ug]{, xtf]T;fx ug]{ p2]Zon] hfgL hfgL s;}nfO{ k|]l/t u/]df jf ljjzkf/]df,-7_ hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] a]nfdf cfˆgf] sdfl08Ë clws[taf6 ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{lx+8]df jf cfˆgf] kf]i6, uf8{, lks]6, k]6«f]n jf ;d"xaf6 /Ltk"j{s abnf geO{ jf ljbfgkfO{ 5f]8L uPdf .#(= ;}lgs ljb|f]x -Do'l6gL_ M b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df ;}lgs ljb|f]xsf] s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ ;}lgs ljb|f]xdf ;l/s ePdf,-v_ g]kfnL ;]gf jf o;nfO{ ;xof]u lbg] s'g} ansf] s'g} JolQm;Fu ldnL ;}lgs ljb|f]x u/]u/fPdf jf ;f] ug{ u/fpg pQ]hgf km}nfPdf jf if8oGq u/]df,-u_ ;}lgs ljb|f]x ePsf] :yfgdf cfk"m pkl:yt ePsf] cj:yfdf ;}lgs ljb|f]xnfO{ ;s];Dd/f]Sg] k|of; gu/]df,-3_ ;}lgs ljb|f]x ug]{ dg;fo /fv]sf] jf if8oGq eO/x]sf] yfxf kfO{ jf ;}lgs ljb|f]x ug]{dg;fo 5 jf if8oGq eO/x]sf]5 egL ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0fx'Fbfx'Fb} klg cfˆgf] sdfl08Ë clws[t jf cfk"meGbf dflysf] clws[tnfO{ To;sf] vj/glbPdf,-ª_ b]zelQm / cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngaf6 ljrlnt ePdf jf To:tf JolQmnfO{ b]zelQm /cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngaf6 ljrlnt u/fPdf jf ljrlnt u/fpg] b'?T;fxg u/]df .$)= zq' ;DaGwL cGo s;"/ M b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df zq' ;DaGwL cGo s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ cl3af6} plrt tj/n] ;r]t geO{ cfb]z gdfgL hfgL hfgL cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngdfnfk/jfxL u/L zq'sf] s}bL ePdf jf zq'sf] s}bL ePkl5 lkmtf{ cfpg ;Sg] cj:yf ePtfklg lkmtf{ gcfPdf,-v_ plrt clwsf/ ljgf zq';Fu kq Jojxf/ u/]df jf c? s'g} lsl;dn] vj/ k|bfg u/]dfjf To:tf] sf/afxL ePsf] yfxf kfpFbf klg cfˆgf] sdfl08Ë clws[t jf dflysf]clws[tnfO{ t'?Gt ;f] sf] ;"rgf glbPdf,-u_ plrt clwsf/ ljgf o'4 lj>fdsf] em08f p7fPdf .15


$!= hËL sf/afxL lj?4sf] s;"/ M b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df hËL sf/afxL lj?4sf] s;"/ u/]sf]dflgg]5 M–-s_ ;'/Iff uf8{ jf rk6]nfO{ anhkmt u/]df jf ug{ nufPdf,-v_ n'6kf6 ug]{ dg;fon] s'g} 3/ jf :yfgdf 3';]df,-u_ rk6] eP/ cfˆgf] kf]i6df lgbfPdf jf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] nfu" cf}ifw jf dfbs kbfy{;]jg u/]df,-3_ cfk"meGbf dflyNnf] clws[tsf] cg'dlt ljgf cfˆgf] uf8{, lks]6, k]6«f]n jf kf]i6 8\o'6L5f8L uPdf,-ª_ hfgL hfgL jf nfk/jfxL u/L SofDk, Uofl/hg jf Sjf6{/df cftÍsf] ;Í]t jf ;"rgflbPdf jf grflx+bf] x/]; v'jfpg] jf cftlÍt kfg]{ va/ k}mnfPdf,-r_ clwsf/ gePsf JolQmnfO{ Kof/f]n, ;Í]t zAb -jfr j8{ / sfp06/ ;fOg_ lnP lbPdfjf clwsf/ k|fKt JolQmnfO{ hfgL hfgL e"mf jf km/s Kof/f]n, ;Í]t zAb lbPdf .$@= euf}8f ;DaGwL s;"/ M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df euf}8f ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ hËL sf/afxLsf] cfb]z hf/L ePkl5 jf To:tf] sf/afxL z'? ePkl5 ;]jf 5f]8Lefu]df,-v_ v08 -s_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s cGo cj:yfdf ;]jf 5f]8L efu]df,-u_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQm ;]jf 5f8L efu]sf]df lghnfO{ hfgLhfgL z/0f lbPdf,-3_ euf}8f eGg] yfxf x'Fbfx'Fb} lghnfO{ kmfObf, d2t jf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] sfo{ u/]df,-ª_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQm ;]jf 5f8L efu]sf] jf efUg nfu]sf]hfgsf/L eP/ klg cfˆgf] jf c? s'g} dflyNnf] clws[tnfO{ t'?Gt ;"rgf glbPdfjf kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ cfˆgf] clVtof/ adf]lhd kqmfp gu/]df,-r_ euf}8fnfO{ tbf?stfsf ;fy vf]hL u/L kqmfp gu/]df,-5_ euf}8f eGg] yfxf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg cfjZos sf/afxL gu/]df,-h_ Aof/]s, SofDk jf Sjf6/ 5f]8L efu]df .-@_ uon 7xl/Psf] JolQm cfk}m xflh/ x'g gcfPdf jf km]nf gk/]df eu'jf dflgg]5 .$#= lhDdfdf /x]sf]nfO{ eufPsf] s;"/ M uf8{, lks]6, k]6«f]n, kf]i6sf] sdf08 u/]sf] a]nfdf jf kfnf]lnPsf] a]nfdf plrt clVtof/ geO{ jf dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f geO{ cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf]JolQmnfO{ 5f]l8lbPdf jf lhDdf lng' kg]{ s'g} s}bL jf JolQmsf] kfnf] ga'em]df lhDdfdf/x]sf]nfO{ eufPsf] s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .16


$$= xftkft jf wDsL ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df xftkft jf wDsL ;DaGwL s;"/u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ cfk"meGbfdflysf] clws[tnfO{ wDsL lbPdf,-v_ cfk"meGbfdflysf] clws[tnfO{ xftkft u/]df jf lgh pk/ cfk/flws an k|of]u u/]df,-u_ cfk"meGbfdflysf] clws[tsf] dof{bf g/fvL xf]RofO{ af]n]df jf lghnfO{ ckdfghgsJojxf/ u/]df .$%= cj1f ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df cj1f ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ o; P]g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt s'g} lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] jf cfk"meGbf dflysf]clws[tn] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf df}lvs, lnlvt, ;Í]t jf c? s'g} k|sf/n] lbPsf] sfg"gLcf1fnfO{ hfgL hfgL c6]/ u/]df,-v_ cfk"meGbf dflysf] clws[tn] lbPsf] ;fdfGo, :yfgLo jf c? lsl;dsf cfb]z kfng ug{nfk/jfxL u/]df .$^= ;DklQsf] xflg gf]S;fgL ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf s'g} sfo{ u/]df ;DklQsf] xflg gf]S;fgL ;DaGwLs;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ bkmf $! sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ jf ;}lgs ;+:yfsf] jf o; P]gsf]If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmsf] jf g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfd ul//x]sf jf g]kfnL ;]gfdf;lDdlnt ePsf cGo JolQmsf] ;DklQdf xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPdf,-v_ ;/sf/L ;DklQdf cfuf] nufO{ jf c? s'g} s'/fn] gf]S;fg jf Iflt k'¥ofpg] sfd u/]df,-u_ cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] s'g} hgfj/nfO{ b'Jo{jxf/ u/]df, 3fOt] kf/]df, df/]df, lnO{ efu]dfjf x/fPdf .$&= sLt]{ / e"mf Joxf]/f ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf s'g} sfo{ u/]df sLt]{ / e"mf Joxf]/f ;DaGwLs;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ clwsf/ k|fKt JolQmn] agfPsf] jf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] s'g} k|ltj]bg, kmfF6jf/L, ljj/0f,k|df0fkq jf c? s'g} lnvtdf n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f ;fFrf] eP gePsf] olsg ug'{ kg]{ st{JoePsf] JolQmn] nfk/jfxLsf;fy k/LIf0f u/]df jf wf]sf lbg] lgotn] To:tf] lnvtdfn]lvPsf] e"mf Joxf]/fnfO{ ;fFrf] 5 egL k|dfl0ft u/]df jf ;f] ug]{ sfo{df dltof/ePdf,-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd lnvt k|dfl0ft ug]{ qmddf hfgL hfgL wf]vf lbg] lgotn] n]Vg' kg]{s'/f gn]v]df jf To:tf] sfo{df dltof/ ePdf,17


-u_ cfk"mn] ;'/lIft ug'{kg]{ jf rflxPsf] avt k]z ug'{kg]{ s'g} lnvt s;}nfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg]jf wf]vf lbg] lgotn] hfgL hfgL ljuf/]df, bafPdf, lnO{ efu]df jf To:tf] lnvtsf] s'g}ljj/0f vfnL /fvL sfuhft tof/ u/]df,-3_ s'g} ljifosf] jf/]df hfgsf/L /fVg' kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQmn] hfgL hfgL e"mf Joxf]/f3f]if0ff u/]df,-ª_ s;}n] cfˆgf] jf c?sf] lgldQ lgj[Qe/0f, eQf jf c? ;x'lnot jf ljz]if ;'ljwf k|fKtug{ k|:t't u/]sf] dfukq jf ljj/0f e"mf xf] eGg] hfgsf/L x'Fbfx'Fb} jf ;f] s'/fdfljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f x'Fbfx'Fb} klg s'g} aofg jf lnvt jfclen]vdf e"mf Aoxf]/f n]v] n]vfPdf .$*= afwf la/f]w tyf cfk/flws an k|of]u ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df afwf la/f]wtyf cfk/flws an k|of]u ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ s'g} x'nbËf, emu8f, xftkft jf s'6lk6df ;+nUg ePsf] cj:Yffdf cfk"meGbf tNnf]bhf{sf] clws[t eP tfklg cfk"mnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ ug]{ u/L lbPsf] cfb]z c6]/ u/]df jfTo:tf] lu/ˆtf/Lsf] cfb]z lbg] clws[tnfO{ xdnf u/]df jf lgh pk/ cfk/flws ank|of]u u/]df,-v_ sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} JolQmsf] lx/f;tdf /xFbf cfk"mnfO{ lx/f;tdf /fVg] JolQm o; P]gsf]If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ jf gkg]{ eP tfklg jf lgh cfk"meGbf dflyNnf] clws[t eP jf gePtfklg lghdfly xdnf u/]df jf an k|of]u u/]df,-u_ cfk"mnfO{ kqmfp ug]{ jf lhDdf lng] st{Jo ePsf s'g} JolQm jf P:s6{nfO{ afwfk'¥ofPdf,-3_ ;}lgs k|x/L k|d'v jf lghsf] tk{maf6 sfg"gL?kdf sfd ug]{ s'g} JolQmsf] sfddf afwfk'¥ofPdf jf lghn] cfˆgf] st{Jokfng ug{ d2t dfUbf glbPdf,-ª_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgldQ dfn ;fdfg jf /;b Nofpg] s'g} JolQmdfly xdnf u/]df jfcfk/flws an k|of]u u/]df .$(= ;DklQ ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df ;DklQ ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ, g]kfnL ;]gfsf] d];, Aof08 jf s'g} ;}lgssf] jf o;P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ ab\lgot /fvL lghL sfddf pkof]uu/]df jf lxgfldgf u/]df jf rf]/L u/]df jf ab\lgotk"j{s ljZjf;3ft u/L sAhfdflnPdf,18


-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ePsf] yfxf kfO{ jf ;f] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;adflkmssf] sf/0f x'Fbfx'Fb} klg j]OdfgL u/L To:tf] ;DklQ lnPdf jf cfˆgf] ;fydf/fv]df,-u_ cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] ;/sf/L ;DklQdf hfgL hfgL xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPdf .%)= 7uL tyf s/sfk ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf sfo{ u/]df 7uL tyf s/sfk ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf]dflgg]5 M–-s_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ 7Ug] jf cg'lrt kmfObf jf gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] lgotn] s'g} sfd u/]df,-v_ ha/h:tL u/L jf s/sfkdf kf/L s'g} JolQmaf6 cglws[t ?kdf gub jf lhG;L lnPdfjf lghnfO{ sfddf nufPdf .%!= xltof/ nufot cGo ;/;fdfg lnO{ efu]sf] jf b'?kof]u ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf sfo{ u/]dfxltof/ nufot cGo ;/;fdfg lnO{ efu]sf] jf b'?kof]u ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ cfˆgf] k|of]usf] lgldQ jf cfk"mn] lhDdf lnO{ /fv]sf] xftxltof/, uf]nLuf, ;/;fdfg,OlSjKd]G6, Hofjn, nQfsk8f jf c? s'g} ;/sf/L dfnj:t' lnO{ efu]df jf To;/Leufpg] sfddf dltof/ ePdf,-v_ v08 -s_ df n]lvPsf] s'g} j:t' x/fPdf,-u_ cfk"mnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] kbs jf lje"if0f ljuf/]df, gf;]df, j]rljvg u/]df jf jGws/fv]df .%@= cg'zf;g tyf cfr/0f ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df cg'zf;g tyf cfr/0f ;DaGwLs;"/ u/]sf] dflg]g]5\ M–-s_ nfu" cf}ifw ;]jg u/]df,-v_ clzi6, c:jfefljs, lgGbgLo lsl;dsf] cfr/0f u/]df jf lgb{oL ePdf,-u_ cfk"mdf zf/Ll/s sdhf]/L jf /f]u k}bf u/]df,-3_ z/L/ lg/f]uL x'Fbfx'Fb} /f]u jf sdhf]/Lsf] axfgf u/]df jf hfgL hfgL /f]u nDAofpg] jflgsf] x'g glbg] sfo{ u/]df,-ª_ cfk"m jf c? s;}nfO{ ;]jfsf] nflu cof]Uo 7x¥ofpg] dg;fon] cfk"m jf c? s;}nfO{3fp rf]6 k'¥ofPdf,-r_ s'g} clws[t, klbs jf laNnfbf/n] o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQmnfO{ cfk"meGbftNnf] bhf{sf] egL cfk/flws an k|of]u u/L b'Jo{jxf/ u/]df,-5_ ;'Joj:yf tyf ;}lgs cg'zf;g sfod /fVg ug'{ kg]{ s'g} sfd gu/]df jf ;'Joj:yftyf ;}lgs cg'zf;g lj?4 x'g] s'g} sfd u/]df,-h_ dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/]df,19


-em_ cfˆgf] cf]xbf cg';f/sf] cfr/0f gu/]df,-`_ bkmf !( ljk/Lt ;+3, ;+:yf vf]n]df, ;~rfng u/]df jf To:tf] ultljlwdf efu lnPdf .-6_ s'g} klg ;}lgsnfO{ o; P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod adf]lhdsf] st{Jo kfngf;DaGwL tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] sfo{df jfx]s cGoq k|of]u u/]df .%#= cw"/f] sfuhft k|dfl0ft ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf s'g} sfo{ u/]df cw"/f] sfuhft k|dfl0ft ;DaGwLs;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ tna, xftxltof/, uf]nLuf, ;/;fdfg, OlSjKd]G6, nQf sk8f, /;b, dfn;fdfg, :6f];{jf ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] clen]v ;DaGwL lnvt tof/ ug]{ / To:tf] lnvt k|dfl0ft ug]{st{Jo ePsf] JolQmn] wf]vf lbg] lgotn] n]Vg' kg]{ :yfg vfnL /fvL k|dfl0ft u/]df,-v_ s'g} k|ltj]bg tyf ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ jf k7fpg' kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQmn] To:tf]k|ltj]bg tyf ljj/0f tof/ ug{ jf k7fpg OGsf/ u/]df jf nfk/jfxL u/L tof/ gu/]dfjf gk7fPdf .%$= e"mf aofg jf ljj/0f ;DaGwL s;"/ M o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmn] ;}lgscbfntdf zky lnPkl5 s'g} e"mf aofg jf ljj/0f lbPdf jf e"mf egL ljZjf; ePsf] jflbPsf] aofg jf ljj/0f ;fFrf] egL ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f gePdf e"mfaofg jf ljj/0f ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .%%= 9fF6L 5nL lgo'Qm ePsf] s;"/ M b]xfosf s'g} sfo{ u/]df 9fF6L 5nL lgo'Qm ePsf] s;"/ u/]sf]dflgg]5 M–-s_ cfk"m sfo{/t /x]sf] rd' jf ljefuaf6 lgoldt k|lqmofaf6 sfo{ef/ d'St geO{ jflgo'lQmsf] lgldQ cfjZos zt{ k"/f gu/L cfk"m cl3 sfo{/t /x]sf] rd' jf ljefueGbfcsf]{ rd' jf ljefudf lgo'Qm ePdf,-v_ s'g} JolQm g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s'g} cËdf lgo'Qm x'Fbf lghn] o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf]dflgg] cj:yf 5 eGg] hfgsf/L x'Fbfx'Fb} jf ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0fx'Fbfx'Fb} To:tf] JolQmnfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s'g} cËdf lgo'lQm u/fpg] sfddf ;+nUg ePdf,-u_ egf{sf] cfj]bg kmf/fddf hfgL hfgL e"mf ljj/0f lbPsf] eGg] tYo ;fljt x'g cfPdf,-3_ egf{, a9'jf tyf tflnd nufot ;]jfsf cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu sLt]{ jf gSsnL k|df0fkqk]z u/]df .%^= lx/f;taf6 efu]sf] s;"/ M sfg"gL lx/f;tdf /x]sf] a]nfdf efu]df lx/f;taf6 efu]sf] s;"/u/]sf] dflgg]5 .%&= e"mf cf/f]k ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf s'g} sfo{ u/]df e"mf cf/f]k ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5M–20


-s_ s'g} s'/f em'f xf] eGg] yfxf kfpFbf kfpFb} jf ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0fx'Fbfx'Fb} o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQmnfO{ To:tf] e"mf cf/f]k nufPdf,-v_ s'g} s'/f e"mf xf] eGg] yfxf kfpFbf kfpFb} jf ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0fx'Fbfx'Fb} klg o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmsf] rl/qdf wSsf k'Ug] u/L bkmf @&adf]lhd ph'/L lbPdf jf e"mf aofg lbPdf jf tt\ ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L ePsf oyfy{s'/fx¿ hfgL hfgL n'sfPdf .%*= uon ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df uon ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{ a;]df,-v_ kof{Kt sf/0f geO{ :jLs[t ljbfeGbf a9L lbg cg'kl:yt ePdf,-u_ ljbfdf a;]sf] a]nfdf kmd]{;g, o'lg6 jf o;sf] s'g} cËnfO{ hËL sf/afxLsf] nflucfb]z lbPsf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt clwsf/Laf6 kfP/ klg kof{Kt sf/0f geO{ t'?Gt ;fd]ngePdf,-3_ kof{Kt sf/0f ljgf st{Jo jf Jofofdsf] lgldQ tf]lsPsf] 7fpF jf k/]8df tf]lsPsf];dodf pkl:yt gePdf,-ª_ cfk"meGbf dflyNnf] clws[tsf] cg'dlt glnO{ jf kof{Kt sf/0f ljgf k/]8 jf dfr{sf]k+lQm 5f]8]df,-r_ s'g} SofDk, Uofl/hg jf c? 7fpFdf ePsf] a]nfdf s'g} ;fdfGo, :yfgLo jf c? cfb]zcGtu{t lgwf{l/t :yfg jf aflx/ jf dgfxL ePsf] :yfgdf cfk"meGbf dflysf]clws[taf6 kf; jf lnlvt cg'dlt glnO{ pkl:yt ePsf] 7xl/Pdf,-5_ cWoogsf] nflu v6fOPsf] s'g} lzIffnodf cfk"meGbf dflysf] clws[taf6 ljbf :jLs[tgu/fO{ jf plrt sf/0f geO{ cg'kl:yt ePdf .%(= ;}lgs cbfnt ;DaGwL s;"/ M b]xfosf s'g} sfo{ u/]df ;}lgs cbfnt ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf]dflgg]5 M–-s_ ;}lgs cbfntdf ;fIfLsf]?kdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{ JolQmnfO{ /Ltk"j{ssf] ;dfx\jfg jf cfb]zhf/L u/]sf]df dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f ljgf cg'kl:yt /x]df,-v_ ;}lgs cbfntdf zky lng OGsf/ u/]df,-u_ cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] s'g} lnvt ;}lgs cbfntdf k]z ug{ jf a'emfpg lbPsf] cfb]zsf]cj1f u/]df,-3_ ;fIfLsf] x}l;otdf sfg"g adf]lhd ;f]lwPsf] ;jfnsf] hjfkm lbg OGsf/ u/]df,-ª_ ;}lgs cbfntsf] sf/afxLdf afwf jf /f]sfj6 u/L wDsLk"0f{ jfSo af]nL ;}lgscbfntsf] ckdfg jf cjx]ngf u/]df,21


-r_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 ePsf km};nf jf cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjogdf j]jf:tf u/]df .^)= u}/sfg"gL tna /f]Ssf ;DaGwL s;"/ M o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQmnfO{ tnasf] lhDdflng] JolQmn] a'emfpg' kg]{ tna ;dod} ga'emfO{ u}/sfg"gL?kn] tna /f]Ssf /fv]df jf lbgOGsf/ u/]df u}/sfg"gL tna /f]Ssf ;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .^!= clgoldt lu/ˆtf/ jf y'g5]ssf] s;"/ M b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df clgoldt lu/ˆtf/ jfy'g5]ssf] s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L jf y'gfdf /fvL txlssftsf] lgldQ ;Da4 clwsf/L ;dIfd'2f k]z gu/]df jf ljgf sf/0f d'2fsf] k'k{If gu/L l9nf] u/]df,-v_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /fVg nufpg] JolQmn] ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /fVg kfpg]clwsf/ ePsf] clwsf/L tyf k|f8 ljjfsnfO{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0fn] afx]s p;}avt jf ;s];Dd rfF8f] / h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg rf}jL; 306fleq lx/f;tdf /fVg'kgf{sf] plrt sf/0f vf]nL ljj/0f k]z gu/]df .^@= e|i6frf/, rf]/L, oftgf / j]kQfsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhde|i6frf/, rf]/L, oftgf / a]kQf u/]sf] 7xl/g] sfo{ u/]df e|i6frf/, rf]/L, oftgf / a]kQf;DaGwL s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{tsf s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf txsLsft u/L d'2f bfo/ ug]{k|of]hgsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt /xg]5 M–-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf]gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf – cWoIf-v_ /Iff dGqfnosf] sfg"g zfvf k|d'v – ;b:o-u_ k|f8 ljjfssf] sDtLdf;]gfgL:t/sf] k|ltlglw– ;b:o-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -u_ df plNnlvt k|ltlglw ;DalGwt d'2fsf] ;}lgscbfnt;+u ;Da4 gePsf] JolQm x'g' kg]{5 .-$_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{tsf d'2fsf] z'? sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ bkmf !!( sf]pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t ;}lgs ljz]if cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd tt\ tt\ d'2fsf];DaGwdf cg';Gwfg tyf txsLsft ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ eP;/xsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .^#= ljljw s;"/ M -!_ b]xfosf s'g} sfo{ u/]df ljljw s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ s'g} kf]i6 jf dfr{sf] sdf08 ul//x]sf] JolQmn] cfˆgf] sdf08df /x]sf] s'g}JolQmnfO{ b'Jo{jxf/, s'6lk6 jf c? s'g} lsl;dn] b'Mv lbPdf jf s'g} ;fj{hlgs22


:yfgdf x'nx'Hht u/]df jf cgflwsf/ k|j]z u/]df, x'nx'Hht u/L k|j]z u/]sf]n]gf]S;fg ePsf] egL kg{ cfPsf] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwL ph'/L ;Da4 clwsf/L ;dIfk]z gu/]df jf Ifltk"lt{ glbnfPdf,-v_ wfld{s :ynsf] kljqtfdf vnn k'¥ofPdf jf cGo s'g} tl/sfn] hfgL hfgLs;}sf] wd{sf] ckdfg u/]df jf wfld{s efjgfdf cf3ft k'¥ofPdf,-u_ hdbf/eGbf tNnf] bhf{sf ;}lgsn] 8\o'6Ldf gvl6Psf] j]nfdf SofDk jf 5fpgLsf]j/k/ jf zx/ jhf/ hfFbf cfpFbf ;Da4 clwsf/Lsf] cfb]z ljgf xltof/ jfv/vhfgf lnO{ lx8]df,-3_ s;}nfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf u/fpg], ljbf :jLs[t u/fpg] jf c? s'g}kmfObf lbnfpg] ljZjf; lbnfO{ To; afkt s'g} lsl;dsf] kmfObf lng k|ToIf jfck|ToIf ?kn] 3";–l/;jt lnPdf, lng dGh"/ u/]df,-ª_ cfk"m ;]jf/t d'n'ssf] gful/s jf jfl;Gbfsf] z/L/ jf ;Dkltdf s'g} xflggf]S;fgL k'¥ofPdf .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s laNnfbf/ jf ;f]eGbf tNnf] bhf{sf] ;}lgsn] hËLsf/afxLdf nfu]sf] avtdf o; kl/R5]bdf n]lvPb]lv jfx]s k|ltalGwt cGo s'g} sfd u/]dfljljw s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .^$= s;"/sf] pBf]u M o; kl/R5]bdf plNnlvt s'g} s;"/ ug]{ pBf]u u/]df jf To; k|of]hgsf]nflu s'g} sfo{ u/]df To:tf] s;"/sf] pBf]u u/]sf] dflgg]5 .^%= s;"/ ug{ ;'¥ofpg] M o; kl/R5]bdf plNnlvt s'g} s;"/ ug{ ;'¥ofPdf s;"/ ug{ ;'¥ofPsf] s;"/u/]sf] dflgg]5 .^^ cGo sfg"g cGtu{tsf s;"/x? M -!_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQmn] bkmf #* b]lv ^%;Ddsf s;"/x? u/]sf] cj:yfdf / plNnlvt s;"/x? ;}lgs ;}lgs aLr ePsf] cj:yfdfjfx]s o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQmn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df ;f] ;DaGwL d'2fcGo cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{5 M–-s_ xTof,-v_ anfTsf/ .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/df ;+nUg egL cf/f]lkt JolQmx?nfO{ ;f] ;DaGwdfck/fw cg';Gwfg txsLsft ug]{ lgsfo jf cg';Gwfg clws[tsf] cfb]z ePdf To:tfJolQmx? sfd ul//x]sf] :yfgsf] sdfl08Ë clws[t jf klt jf ;DalGwt clws[tn] dfu u/]sf]lgsfo jf clws[tnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 . s'g} JolQm ;]jf lgj[Q jf euf}8f ePdf klg k|rlntsfg"g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg / sf/afxL ug{ s'g} afwf k'Ug] 5}g .23


-#_ cGo cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/leq k/L cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf /x]sf] o; P]gsf]If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQm y'gfdf /x]sf] cjlw e/ / cbfntdf d'2f rn]sf]df clGtd km};nfgeP ;Dd :jtM lgnDagdf /xg]5 .-$_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmsf xsdf cGo cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/cGtu{tsf] ck/fwdf cg';Gwfg z'? e};s]sf] eP tfklg o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s;"/sf;DaGwdf sf]6{ ckm OGSjfo/L u7g u/L cg';Gwfg ug{ / To:tf] JolQm pk/ cfjZossf/afxL rnfpg] sfo{df o; bkmfsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .kl/R5]b–*;}lgs cbfntsf] u7g tyf clwsf/If]q^&= ;}lgs cbfntsf] u7g M -!_ kl/R5]b–& adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/fug{sf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;}lgs cbfntsf] u7g x'g]5 M–-s_ sDtLdf Pshgf /yLj[Gb, b'O{hgf dxf;]gfgL jf k|d'v ;]gfgL / b'O{hgf ;]gfgLbhf{sf clws[t /xg] u/L kfFrhgf clws[t /x]sf] hg/n ;}lgs cbfnt .-v_ sDtLdf b'O{hgf ;]gfgL bhf{sf clws[t /xg] u/L sDtLdf tLghgf clws[t /x]sf];d/L hg/n ;}lgs cbfnt,-u_ sDtLdf b'O{ jif{ cfo'Qm kb k|fKt u/]sfdWo]af6 sDtLdf tLghgf clws[t /x]sf]l8li6«S6 ;}lgs cbfnt,-3_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ljefu, kmd]{zg jf PsfOsf] s'g} sdfl08Ë clws[t /x]sf] PsJolQmsf] ;d/L ;}lgs cbfnt .-@_ v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhdsf ;}lgs cbfntdf pknAw eP;Dd sDtLdf Pshgfclws[t sfg"g ljifodf :gfts u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .-#_ ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntsf] sf/afxLdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] nflu b'O{hgf clws[t jfb'O{hgf klbs jf b'j} bhf{sf Ps Ps hgf u/L hDdf b'O{hgf pkl:yt /xg]5g\ .-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ª\VofeGbf sd x'g] u/L ;}lgs cbfntn] d'2fsf] sf/afxLtyf lsgf/f ug]{5}g .^*= ;}lgs cbfntsf] clwsf/If]q M ;}lgs cbfntsf] clwsf/If]q o; P]gsf] bkmf ^@ / ^^ dfpNn]v ePsf d'2fx?df afx]s b]xfo adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 M–-s_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQmn] u/]sf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] k'k{If, ;'g'jfO,sf/afxL / lsgf/f u/L ;hfo lbg] clwsf/ hg/n ;}lgs cbfnt tyf ;d/L hg/n;}lgs cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .24


-v_ clws[t tyf klbs bhf{sf] afx]s o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQmn] a9Ldf b'O{jif{;Dd s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] s;"/ u/]df ;f] ;DaGwL d'2fsf] k'k{If, ;'g'jfO, sf/afxL /lsgf/f u/L ;hfo lbg] clwsf/ l8li6«S6 ;}lgs cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .-u_ b]xfosf pkv08x¿df n]lvPsf] Joj:Yffsf] cwLgdf /xL o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{clws[t / klbs afx]ssf JolQmn] u/]sf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] k'k{If, ;'g'jfO, sf/afxL /lsgf/f u/L ;hfo lbg] clwsf/ ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 M–-!_ k|d'v ;]gfgL jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] bhf{sfn] ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfPsf] eP Psjif{;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g] d'2f,-@_ k|d'v ;]gfgLeGbf tNnf] bhf{sfn] ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfPsf] eP ^ dlxgf;Dd s}b;hfo x'g] d'2f .^(= ;}lgs cbfnt jf cGo cbfntdf d'2f rnfpg] lg0f{o M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf s;"/x?sf;DaGwdf ;}lgs cbfnt jf cGo cbfntdWo] s'g cbfntdf d'2f rnfpg] eGg] ljifodfljjfb pTkGg ePdf cGo cbfntdf d'2f rnfpg' kg]{5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cGo cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ x'g] ePdf cleo'QmnfO{ ;]jfaf6lgnDag u/L d'2f bfo/ ul/g] cbfntdf a'emfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .&)= Ps} s;"/df PseGbf a9L k6s sf/afxL gx'g] M o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmpk/ o; P]gsf] bkmf #* b]lv ^% ;Ddsf s'g} s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf ;}lgs cbfntaf6 d'2fsf]k'k{If, ;'g'jfO, sf/afxL / lsgf/f eO;s]kl5 jf ljefuLo ;hfo lbO;s]kl5 ;f]xL JolQm pk/;f]xL s;"/df k'gM sf/afxL x'g] 5}g .&!= d'2f rnfpg] xbDofb M -!_ bkmf #(, $@, $^, $(, %%, %^ / ^@ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ afx]scGo s;"/ u/]sf] tLg jif{ gf3]kl5 ;}lgs cbfntdf d'2f rnfOg] 5}g .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;do u0fgf ubf{ o'4 aGbL ePsf] jf zq'n] cfˆgf]Onfsfdf ldnfPsf] jf s;"/ u/L kqmfpdf gk/L a;]sf] ;dosf] u0fgf x'g] 5}g .&@= d'2f rnfpg ;lsg] M -!_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq /x]sf] avt s'g} JolQmn] u/]sf] s;"/afkt lgh o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/af6 d'Qm ePkl5 klg lghnfO{ ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /fVg / lghpk/ d'2f rnfpg ;lsg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf #(, $@ jf bkmf %%adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf]df afx]s cGo s;"/ u/]sf]df o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/af6 d'Qm ePsf] ^dlxgfleq d'2f grnfOPdf s;"/ ug]{ JolQm pk/ d'2f rnfOg] 5}g .-#_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;}lgs cbfntn] s}bsf] ;hfo lbPkl5;]jfaf6 x6fOPdf jf avf{:t ul/Pdf jf s'g} tl/sfaf6 o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/af6 d'Qm eP25


tfklg 7x/ ePsf] s}b ;hfosf] cjlw;Dd lgh o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq /x]sf] dfgL ;hfosfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg ;lsg]5 .&#= ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg] clwsf/ b]xfosf] clwsf/LnfO{x'g]5 M–-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cGoyf lgb]{zg lbPdf afx]s k|wfg ;]gfklt jf lghn] clVtof/LlbPsf] clws[tn] hg/n ;}lgs cbfnt,-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cGoyf lgb]{zg lbPdf afx]s b]xfosf clwsf/Lx¿n] ;d/L hg/n;}lgs cbfnt M–-!_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] clVtof/ lbPsf] clws[t,-@_ hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] sdfl08Ë clws[t jf lghn] clVtof/ lbPsf]clws[t,-#_ ;]gfsf] cg'zf;g / cfjZostfnfO{ plrt ljrf/ u/L s'g} s;"/sf] k'k{Ifhg/n ;}lgs cbfntåf/f ug{ Jofjxfl/s x'Fb}g egL 7x/ ug]{ hËLsf/afxLdf nfu]sf] s'g} cËnfO{ sdf08 ug]{ clws[t .-u_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd hg/n ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg kfpg] clVtof/ k|fKt clwsf/Ljf lghn] clVtof/ lbPsf] clws[tn] l8li6«S6 ;}lgs cbfnt,-3_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ljefu, kmd]{zg jf PsfOsf] s'g} sdfl08Ë clws[tn] ;d/L ;}lgscbfnt .-@_ ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg' kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gfePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg' kg]{5 .-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd clVtof/L lbFbf clVtof/jfnfn]cfjZostf cg';f/ zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .kl/R5]b–(cg';Gwfg, txlssft / d'2f bfo/L&$= ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /fVg] M -!_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQmnfO{ kl/R5]b–& adf]lhdsf]s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]df ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /fVg ;lsg]5 .-@_ s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ lgheGbf dflyNnf] bhf{sf] h'g;'s} clws[tn];}lgs lx/f;tdf /fVg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg emu8f, x'nb+uf jf uf]ndfndf;+nUg JolQm cfk"meGbf dflyNnf] bhf{sf] clws[t eP tfklg tNnf] bhf{sf] clws[tn] ;}lgslx/f;tdf /fVg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .26


-$_ ;}lgs cbfntjf6 gx]l/g] s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]udf cGo cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug'{kg]{ JolQmnfO{ cg';Gwfg txlssftb]lv d'2f bfo/ ubf{;Ddsf] cjlwdf sfg"g adf]lhd y'gfdf/fvL sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ eof] eg] lghnfO{ ;]jfaf6 lgnDag u/L To:tf] cbfntsf] cfb]zn];}lgs jf k|x/L lx/f;tdf /fVg ;lsg]5 . ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf cbfntdfpkl:yt u/fpg' k/]df ;DalGwt ;}lgs clwsf/Ln] u/fpg]5 .t/ d'2f bfo/ ePkl5 ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /flvg] 5}g .-%_ ;}lgs cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug]{ ePdf ;}lgs cbfntdf / cGo cbfntdf d'2fbfo/ ug]{ ePdf cGo cbfntdf k7fOg]5 .&%= lx/f;tdf /fVbf sdfl08Ë clws[tsf] lhDd]jf/L M -!_ cfˆgf] sdf08df /x]sf] s'g} JolQmnfO{lx/f;tdf /flvPsf] k|ltj]bg sdfl08Ë clws[tnfO{ k|fKt ePdf lghn] lagf txlssftaf6f]sf] Dofb afx]s rf}jL; 306feGbf a9L cjlw lx/f;tdf g/fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;fj{hlgs oftfoft ;]jfsf] b[li6n];Dej gx'g] cj:Yffdf dgfl;a dflkmssf] cjlw;Dd lx/f;tdf /fVg ;lsg]5 .-#_ sdfl08Ë clws[tn] rf}jL; 306feGbf a9L cjlw lx/f;tdf /x]sf] k|To]s JolQmsf]ljj/0f / sf/0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k|wfg ;]gfklt jf k|f8 ljjfs ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .-$_ hËL sf/afxLdf gnfu]sf] JolQmsf] d'2f x]g{sf] lgldQ ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg]cfb]z glbPsf] sf/0fn] cf7 lbgeGbf a9L cjlw;Dd cleo'Qm ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /xg] ePdfTo;/L l9nf] ePsf] sf/0fsf] jf/]df sdfl08Ë clws[tn] ;}lgs cbfnt u7g geP;Dd jfcleo'Qm lx/f;taf6 g5'6];Dd k|To]s cf7 lbgdf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/L ;dIfk|ltj]bg k7fpg' kg]{5 .-%_ o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu rf}jL; 306fsf] ;do u0fgf ubf{ ;fj{hlgs ljbfsf]lbgnfO{ u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .&^= kqmfpsf] nflu cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ sdfl08Ë clws[tn] s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{kqmfp ug'{ k/]df cleo'Qm /x]sf] lhNnfsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 /To;/L cg'/f]w ePdf ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] cleo'QmnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L ;DalGwtclws[tnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .-@_ ;]jf 5f8L efu]sf] eu'jfsf] kmd]{zg, o'lg6, ;j o'lg6sf sdfl08Ë clws[tn] To:tfeu'jfnfO{ kqmfp ug{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ eu'jfsf] ljj/0f vf]nL cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 /To;/L cg'/f]w u/]df ;Da4 clwsf/Ln] ;f] eu'jfnfO{ kqmfp u/L ;DalGwt clws[tnfO{ a'emfO{lbg' kg]{5 .27


-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;]jf 5f]8L jf cGo s'g}s;"/ u/L efu]sf] eGg] k|x/L clws[tnfO{ ljZjf; x'g] dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f ePdf k|x/Lclws[tn] lagf k'hL{ To:tf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp u/L cfjZos sf/afxLsf nflu rnfg ug{ k|d'vlhNnf clwsf/L;dIf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .&&= uon k/]sf]df hfFrj'em ug]{ M ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{ tL; lbgeGbf a9L uon ePdf hfFra'emug{ oyfzSo l56f] sf]6{ ck\m OGSjfo/L u7g ug'{ kg]{5 . sf]6{sf] clws[tn] zky lnO{hfFra'em ubf{ uon kg]{ JolQmn] ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{ jf cGo kof{Kt sf/0f geO{ uon ePsf]/ lghsf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] ;/sf/L ;DklQ, xftxltof/, v/vhfgf, ;/;fdfg -OlSjKd]06_,OG:6'd]06, nQf sk8f jf cGo ;fdfg k'u gk'u ePsf] ljifodf ;d]t hfFrj'em u/L lg0f{oug]{5 . sdfl08Ë clws[tn] ;f] lg0f{osf] clen]v ;DalGwt rd' jf ljefusf] ;}lgs cbfntlstfjdf hgfO{ /fVg]5 .&*= ;}lgs k|x/L k|d'v M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cGoyf lgb]{zg lbPdf afx]s k|wfg ;]gfklt jf lghn]tf]s]sf] clws[tn] ;}lgs k|x/L k|d'v lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ s'g} s;"/df lx/f;tdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ lhDdf lng', ;]gfdf ;'Joj:yf / cg'zf;gsfod u/fpg' / g]kfnL ;]gfdf ;lDdlnt jf ;]jf/t JolQmaf6 ;'Joj:yf / cg'zf;g eË x'g]sfo{ x'g glbg' ;}lgs k|x/L k|d'vsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .-#_ s;"/ u/]sf] jf s;"/sf] cleof]u nufOPsf] JolQmnfO{ k'k{Ifsf] lgldQ ;}lgs k|x/Lk|d'vn] h'g;'s} ;dodf kqmfp ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;}lgs cbfnt jf ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg]clws[tn] lbPsf] ;hfo tfd]n ug]{5 .kl/R5]b–!);}lgs cbfntsf] sfo{ljlw&(= ;}lgs cbfntsf] d'sfd tyf Ohnf; M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntn] d'2fsf] k'k{Ifsf] qmddf g]kfn/fHo aflx/ jf leq h'g;'s} :yfgdf klg cfˆgf] d'sfd sfod ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff, ;fj{hlgs ;'Joj:yf / kLl8tsf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{cj:yfdf afx]s ;fdfGotof ;}lgs cbfntsf] Ohnfz v'nf /xg]5 .*)= ;}lgs cbfntsf] cWoIf M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntdf /xg] clws[tx¿ dWo] jl/i7 clws[tn] ;}lgscbfntsf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .-@_ ;}lgs cbfntsf] cWoIftf ug]{ jl/i7 clws[tsf] cg'kl:yltdf bkmf ^& sf]Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL lgh kl5sf] jl/i7 clws[tn] ;}lgs cbfntsf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .28


*!= k|f8 ljjfssf] pkl:ylt M -!_ k|To]s hg/n ;}lgs cbfnt, ;d/L hg/n ;}lgs cbfnt /l8li6«S6 ;}lgs cbfntdf k|f8 ljjfs jf k|f8 ljjfsn] v6fPsf] jf tf]s]sf] k|f8 clws[t k|f8ljjfssf] ?kdf pkl:yt x'g]5 .-@_ s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]udf d'2f rnfOPsf] cleo'Qmn] ;}lgs cbfntdf cfˆgf]k|lt/Iffsf] nflu cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] k|f8 clws[t v6fO{kfpF egL k|f8 ljjfssf] k|lt/Iff zfvfdfcg'/f]w u/]df k|f8 ljjfsn] k|f8 clws[t v6fOlbg kg]{5 . o;/L k|f8 clws[t v6fOPsf]dfTo:tf] k|f8 clws[tn] ;}lgs cbfntdf cleo'Qmsf] tk{maf6 k|lt/Iff ug]{5 .*@= lj/f]w ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntdf k'k{Ifsf] nflu d'2f k]z ePkl5 ;}lgs cbfntsfcWoIf tyf ;b:ox¿sf] gfd cleo'QmnfO{ ;'gfOg]5 / cWoIf tyf s'g} ;b:osf] ;DaGwdflj/f]w eP gePsf] jf/]df cleo'Qm;Fu ;f]lwg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cleo'Qmn] cWoIf tyf s'g} ;b:osf] ;DaGwdf lj/f]whgfPdf ;f]sf] sf/0f / lj/f]w hgfOPsf cWoIf tyf ;b:on] lbPsf] hjfkm ;d]tsf] clen]vv8f ug{' kg]{5 . lj/f]w gul/Psf cWoIf tyf ;b:on] lj/f]w ul/Psf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf]cg'kl:yltdf To:tf] lj/f]wsf] ljifodf 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .-#_ sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt ;b:on] cleo'Qmsf] lj/f]wnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]df lj/f]w ul/Psf]cWoIf jf ;b:osf] :yfg l/St x'g]5 . l/St :yfgdf csf]{ clws[t d's/{/ ug'{ kg]{5 / gofFd's/{/ ePsf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] ;DaGwdf klg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'gM lj/f]wsf] k|lqmofckgfpg' kg]{5 .-$_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lj/f]wsf] k|lqmof ;DkGg ePkl5 ;}lgs cbfntn]d'2fsf] k'k{If z'? ug]{5 .*#= zky M d'2fsf] k'k{If ug'{ cl3 ;}lgs cbfntsf cWoIf tyf ;b:o / k|f8 ljjfsn] tf]lsPadf]lhd zky lng' kg]{5 .*$= lg0f{o k|lqmof M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntsf] lg0f{o ax'dtsf] cfwf/df x'g]5 . dt a/fa/ ePdfcleo'Qmsf] kIfdf lg0f{o ePsf] dflgg]5 .t/ b]xfosf] ljifodf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–-s_ hg/n ;}lgs cbfntaf6 ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}bsf] ;hfo 7x/ x'g sDtLdf b'O{ltxfO{ dtsf] cfjZos kg]{5 .-v_ ;d/L hg/n ;}lgs cbfntaf6 ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}b ;hfo 7x/ x'g;j{;Ddlt x'g' kg]{5 .29


-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;hfo tyf 7x/ afx]ssfk|lqmofut ljifodf cWoIfn] ;dy{g u/]sf] /fo dfGo x'g]5 .-#_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 ;hfo 7x/ x'Fbf ;}lgs cbfntdf pkl:yt k|f8 ljjfs jflghsf] k|ltlglwn] cfˆgf] 5'§} /fo JoQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .-$_ ;}lgs cbfntdf ;'g'jfO{ x'g] d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg / ;'g'jfO{sf] qmddf cleo'Qmsfkmf}hbf/L Gofosf clwsf/x?sf] ;+/If0f ul/g]5 / k|lt/Iffsf k|df0fx? k]z ug{ plrt df}sflbOg]5 .*%= Goflos hfgsf/Ldf /fVg] M ;}lgs cbfntn] cWoIf tyf ;b:ox¿df /x]sf] ;}lgs ljifosf];fdfGo 1fgnfO{ Goflos hfgsf/Ldf lng ;Sg]5 .*^= ;dfXjfg hf/L ug]{ M -!_ ;}lgs cbfnt jf]nfpg] clws[t jf ;}lgs cbfntsf] cWoIf jf k|f8ljjfs jf cleo'Qmsf] sdfl08Ë clws[tn] ;Da4 JolQmnfO{ s'g} lnvt jf c? s'/f k]z ug{jf ;fIfL aSg tf]lsPsf] 7fpF / ;dodf pkl:yt x'g ;dfx\jfg hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ s'g} ;fIfLsf] cwLgdf /x]sf] vf; lnvt jf c? s'g} s'/f k]z u/fpg' k/]df ;f] s'/f:ki6?kdf ;dfXjfgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .-#_ s'g} ;fIfL o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leqsf] JolQm /x]5 eg] lghsf] sdfl08Ëclws[tnfO{ ;dfx\jfg k7fOg]5 / lghn] To:tf] ;dfx\jfg tfd]n u/fpg]5 .-$_ s'g} k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] If]qleq s'g} ;fIfL /x]sf] hfgsf/L ePdf To:tf];fIfLsf] ;dfx\jfg ;f]xL k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L;dIf k7fOg]5 / lghn] To:tf] ;fIfLnfO{;dfx\jfg tfd]n u/fpg]5 .-%_ ;}lgs cbfntdf ;fIfL aSg] k|To]s JolQmnfO{ aofg u/fpg'eGbf cl3 tf]lsPadf]lhd zky u/fOg]5 .*&= aGb ;jfn M -!_ d'2fsf] k'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} ;fIfLnfO{ ;}lgs cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fO{asfpFbf d'2fsf] sf/afxLdf cgfjZos l9nfO, vr{ jf c;'ljwf x'g] nfu]df ;}lgs cbfntn]To:tf] ;fIfLnfO{ jGb ;jfnåf/f a'‰g k|f8 ljjfsnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePkl5 k|f8 ljjfsn] ;fIfLsf] gfpFdf aGb ;jfntfd]n ug{ ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] cg'/f]w ePdfk|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd jGb ;jfn tfd]n u/fOlbg' kg]{5 .-#_ cleo'Qm jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] p7fpg rfx]sf] k|ZgdWo] d'2f;Fu ;Da4k|ZgnfO{ ;}lgs cbfntn] aGb ;jfndf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .-$_ cleo'Qmsf] sfg"g Joj;foL jf jf/]; jf cleo'Qm lx/f;tdf g/x]sf] eP lghcfkm}n] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt eO{ ;fIfL;Fu lh/x ug{ ;Sg]5 .30


-%_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] aGb ;jfn adf]lhd aofg lng] sfd ;dfKt ePkl5 jGb;jfn k|f8 ljjfsdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd k|fKt jGb ;jfn k|f8 ljjfsn] ;DalGwt ;}lgs cbfntdfk7fOlbg]5 . ;}lgs cbfnt lj36g ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] d'2f k'k{If ug]{ cGo cbfntdfk7fOlbg' kg]{5 . k|fKt jGb ;jfn ;}lgs jf cGo cbfntn] ldl;n ;+nUg ug]{5 / To:tf]jGb;jfn sfg"g Joj;foL jf cleo'Qmn] rfx]df x]g{ kfpg]5g\ .-&_ jGb ;jfn tfd]n eO{ cfpg nfUg] dgfl;a dflkmssf] ;do;Ddsf] nflu ;}lgscbfntn] d'2fsf] k'k{If :yug ug{ ;Sg]5 .**= x:tfIf/ ;DaGwL cg'dfg M o; P]g adf]lhd s'g} sf/afxLdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] h'g;'s} ;]jfdf/x]sf h'g;'s} clws[tn] s'g} b/vf:t, k|df0fkq, kqmfp k'hL{, kqf]Q/ jf c? s'g} lnvtdfu/]sf] x:tfIf/nfO{ cGoyf k|dfl0ft ePdf afx]s lghs} x:tfIf/ dflgg]5 .*(= k|df0f nfUg] lnvt M ;}lgs cbfntaf6 sf/afxL ePsf d'2fdf b]xfosf lnvtdf n]lvPsfJoxf]/fnfO{ k|df0fdf lnOg]5 M–-s_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf] ;dodf ;DalGwt JolQmn] l;6/f]n kmf/fddf pNn]v u/]sf] ljj/0f,-v_ l;6/f]n kmf/fdsf] ;Ssn} jf ;f] kmf/fd lhDdf /x]sf] clwsf/Laf6 æ;Ssn adf]lhdgSsn b'?:t 5Æ egL x:tfIf/ u/L lbPsf] gSsn,-u_ g]kfnL ;]gfdf ;]jf u/]sf], avf{:t ePsf] jf sfo{ef/ d'St ePsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 k|wfg ;]gfklt jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[tn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] s'g} kq,kqf]Q/ jf c? lnvtsf] Joxf]/f,-3_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lstfjdf btf{ ePsf] jf ;}lgs cfb]z jf g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt klbsjf c? bHof{gLx¿sf] :6]6;\, bhf{ / lgo'lQm ;DaGwL ;f]xL lstfjdf btf{ ePsf] ;}lgscfb]z jf g]kfn /fhkqdf plNnlvt Joxf]/f,-ª_ sdfl08Ë clws[t jf clen]v /fVg] lhDd]jf/ clws[tsf] x:tfIf/ ePsf] kN6lgoflstfj -/]lhd]06n a's_ df plNnlvt Joxf]/f,-r_ kN6lgof lstfj lhDdf lng] clws[tn] ;Ssn adf]lhd gSsn b'?:t 5 egLx:tfIf/åf/f k|dfl0ft gSsndf plNnlvt Joxf]/f,-5_ bkmf $@ / %* adf]lhdsf] s;"/sf] cleof]udf k'k{If eO/x]sf] o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leqkg]{ s'g} JolQmn] s'g} clws[t sxfF jf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s'g} cË ;dIf cfTd;dk{0fu/]sf]5 jf To:tf JolQmnfO{ s'g} clws[t jf o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmn]kqmfp u/]sf]5 eg] ;f] ;DaGwdf To:tf clws[t jf To:tf JolQmsf] jf g]kfnL ;]gfsf]To; cËsf] sdfl08Ë clws[tn] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] jf kqmfp ePsf] 7fpF, ldlt / To;31


JolQmn] nufPsf] kf]zfssf] 5fF6 ;d]tsf] jf/]df oyfy{ s'/f v'nfO{ x:tfIf/åf/f k|dfl0ftkqdf plNnlvt Joxf]/f,-h_ bkmf $@ / %* adf]lhdsf] s;"/sf] cleof]udf k'k{If eO/x]sf] o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leqkg]{ s'g} JolQmn] k|x/L yfgfsf] k|d'v ;dIf cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] j]nfdf jf To:tf]JolQmnfO{ k|x/L yfgfsf] k|d'vn] kqmfp u/]sf] j]nfdf To; k|x/L clws[tn] cfTd;dk{0fu/]sf] jf kqmfp ePsf] 7fpF, ldlt / To; JolQmn] nufPsf] kf]zfssf] 5fF6 ;d]tsf]jf/]df oyfy{ s'/f v'nfO{ x:tfIf/åf/f k|dfl0ft kqdf plNnlvt Joxf]/f,-em_ hfFr k8\tfn jf cg';Gwfgsf] nflu k]z eO{ s'g} ljlwlj1fg ljz]if1 jf ljlwlj1fgk|of]uzfnfaf6 /Ltk"j{s k|fKt k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt Joxf]/f .()= ;/sf/L clws[t;Fu ljj/0f dfu ug]{ M -!_ bkmf $@ / %* adf]lhd s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf]JolQmn] tt\;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} clws[t;Fu a'emL kfpg cg'/f]w u/]df jf :jod\;}lgs cbfntn] ;f] jf/]df a'‰g dgfl;a 7fg]df To:tf] clws[t;Fu cfjZos hfgsf/L dfuug{ / To:tf] hfgsf/L gcfP;Dd d'2fsf] k'k{If :yug /fVg ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt hfgsf/LnfO{ ;}lgs cbfnt ;dIf lbPsf] aofg ;/xdflgg]5 .-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L k|fKt gxF+'b} ;}lgs cbfnt lj36g ePdf jf ;}lgscbfntn] o; bkmf cg';f/sf] k|lqmof k"/f ug{ 5'6fPsf]df ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg] clws[tn];f] sf/afxL /2 u/L k'gM k'k{If ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .(!= klxn]sf] b08 ;hfo / rl/qsf] k|df0f M -!_ kl/R5]b–& adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf] cleof]udfd'2f bfo/ ul/Ps]f s'g} cleo'Qmsf] ;DaGwdf k}m;nf ubf{ To:tf] cleo'Qm o; cl3 ;}lgscbfnt jf cGo cbfntaf6 bf]ifL 7xl/P g7xl/Psf] jf ljefuLo ;hfo kfP gkfPsf] a'emLTo;df ePsf] lg0f{o ;d]tnfO{ k|df0fsf] ?kdf lng ;lsg]5 . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu cleo'Qmsf]rl/q / lghsf] ljut lqmofsnfknfO{ ;d]t ;}lgs cbfntn] hfgsf/Ldf lng ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|df0f df}lvs jf ;}lgs cbfntsf] lstfj jf c? ;/sf/Llstfjdf n]lvPsf] s'/f jf To:tf] lstfjsf] xf] egL k|dfl0ft ptf/ x'g ;Sg]5 / cl37xl/Psf] s;"/ jf cleo'Qmsf] rl/q / lghsf] ljut lqmofsnfknfO{ ;d]t k|df0fsf] ?kdflng ;lsg]5 egL k'k{If cufj} cleo'QmnfO{ ;"rgf lbg cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .-#_ ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntn] plrt 7x¥ofPdf cleo'Qmsf] ;DaGwdf o; cl3 s'g} km};nfePsf]df o;} P]g adf]lhd ;f] k}m;nf, lghsf] rl/q / ljut lqmofsnfksf] ;DaGwdf cfk"mnfO{k|fKt hfgsf/L k|dfl0ft gu/fOsg klg clen]v /fVg ;Sg]5 .32


(@= k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] M ;}lgs cbfntn] of] P]g adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ;DaGwLd'2fsf] k'k{Ifsf] qmddf k|df0f a'‰bf o; P]gdf Joj:yf ePsf]df o;} P]g adf]lhd / c?dfk|df0f P]g, @)#! adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 .(#= ljlIfKt cleo'Qmsf] jrfp M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 d'2f k'k{If x'Fbf cleo'Qm ljlIfKt ePsf]sf/0faf6 k|ltjfb ug{ c;dy{ 5 jf lghdfly nufPsf] cf/f]k lgh ljlIfKt ePsf] sf/0faf6;f] sfdsf] k|s[lt / ;f] sfd cg'lrt / sfg"g lj?4 5 eGg] hfGg g;Sg] eO{ o:tf] s;"/u/]sf] xf] eGg] nfu]df ;}lgs cbfntn] ;f] ;DaGwdf krf{ v8f ug]{5 .-@_ ;}lgs cbfntsf] cWoIfn] jf ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntsf] xsdf k'k{If ug]{ clws[tn]pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd v8f u/]sf] krf{ cljnDa pQm d'2f ;b/ ug]{ clwsf/L jf bkmf !!% sf]pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug]{5 .-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt k|ltj]bgnfO{ d'2f ;b/ ug]{ clwsf/Ln] ;b/ gu/]dfTo:tf] cleo'Qmsf] d'2f ;f]xL jf c? ;}lgs cbfntaf6 k'k{If u/fpgsf] nflu cfjZossf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .-$_ ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]z u/]sf] krf{df plNnlvt Joxf]/f;b/ u/]df ;b/ ug]{ clwsf/Ln] cleo'QmnfO{ lx/f;tdf /fVg] cfb]z lbO{ :jLs[ltsf] nflug]kfn ;/sf/, /Iff dGqfnodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 /Iff dGqfnon] cleo'QmnfO{kfunvfgf jf pko'Qm c? ;'/lIft :yfgdf y'gfdf /fVg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .($= ljlIfKt cleo'Qmsf] d'2fsf] k'k{If M -!_ bkmf (# adf]lhd lx/f;tdf /x]sf] ljlIfKt cleo'Qmn]cfk"mdfly nfu]sf] cleof]u k|ltjfb ug{ ;dy{ 5 eGg] lrlsT;saf6 k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePdf jfkfunvfgf jf sf/fuf/df lx/f;tdf /x]sf] ljlIfKt cleo'Qmn] cfk"mdfly nfu]sf] cleof]usf]k|ltjfb ug{ ;S5 egL To:tf] kfunvfgf jf sf/fuf/ k|d'vn] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPdf cleo'Qm/x]sf] If]qsf] ;]gf, rd', k[tgf jf jflxgLkltn] jf lghsf] ;§f c? s'g} clws[tn] klxn]nufOPsf] cleof]u ;f]xL jf cGo ;}lgs cbfntaf6 k'k{If u/fpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . o;P]g adf]lhdsf s;"/ afx]s k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf cGo s;"/ eP cGo cbfntaf6 k'k{Ifu/fpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cfb]z /Iff dGqfnosf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k7fpg'kg]{5 .(%= ljlIfKt cleo'QmnfO{ 5f]8\g ;Sg] M lx/f;tdf /x]sf] cleo'Qmsf] xsdf lrlsT;ssf]k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df / y'gfdf /flvPsf] cleo'Qmsf] xsdf kfunvfgf jf sf/fuf/ k|d'vn]cleo'QmnfO{ 5'6\sf/f lbPdf jf lghn] cfˆg} jf c? s;}sf] klg xflg gf]S;fgL ug{ ;Sb}g33


egL k|dfl0ft ul/lbPdf /Iff dGqfnon] bkmf (# adf]lhd lx/f;tdf /x]sf] cleo'QmnfO{ 5f8\gjf lx/f;tdf /fVg jf cl3b]lv g} kfunvfgfdf /fv]sf] /x]g5 eg] kfunvfgfdf k7fpg;Sg]5 .(^= ljlIfKt cleo'Qm xsbf/ jf ;+/IfsnfO{ ;'lDkg ;Sg] M bkmf (# adf]lhd lx/f;tdf /x]sf]cleo'Qmsf] s'g} xsbf/ jf ;+/Ifsn] cfˆgf] /]vb]vdf /fVg jf lhDdfdf lng lgj]bg lbPdfTo:tf] cleo'Qmsf] /]vb]v x'g], cfk}m jf c? s;}nfO{ Iflt gk'¥ofpg] / lgwf{l/t ;do /ldltdf tf]lsPsf] clws[t ;dIf hfFrsf] lgldQ pkl:yt u/fpg] s'/fdf /Iff dGqfno ;Gt'i6ePdf ;f] dGqfnon] lghnfO{ lghsf] xsbf/ jf ;+/IfsnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .(&= s;"/;Fu ;Da4 dfn;fdfgsf] lnnfd ljqmL tyf jGbf]j:t M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntn] d'2fsf]k'k{Ifsf] qmddf cfk"m ;dIf k]z ePsf] s;"/;Fu ;Da4 dfn;fdfgsf] ;'/Iff ug'{ kg]{5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;'/Iffsf] nflu /fv]sf] dfn;fdfg ;8L unL gf;L hfg] ePdf;}lgs cbfntn] To:tf] dfn;fdfg lnnfd laqmL u/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] /sd ;/sf/L vftfdfcfDbfgL afFWg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .-#_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 d'2fsf] sf/afxL ;dfKt ePkl5 To:tf] ;}lgs cbfntaf6 ePsf]7x/ ;hfonfO{ ;b/ ug]{ clwsf/L jf ;f] clws[teGbf dflysf] clws[tn] / To:tf] ;hfo ;b/u/fpg' gkg]{ ;}lgs cbfntsf] 7x/ ePkl5 ;]gf, rd', k[tgf jf jflxgLkltn] d'2fsf] k'k{Ifsf]qmddf ;}lgs cbfnt ;dIf k]z ePsf] s;"/;Fu ;Da4 dfn;fdfg, lnvt, hkmt ug{, gi6ug{ jf To;sf] xsbf/ egL bfjL ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg jf laqmL ug{ dgfl;a dflkmssf]cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .-$_ d'2fsf] k'k{If g]kfn/fHoleq gePsf] cj:yfdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z hf/Lug]{ clwsf/Ln] cfb]zsf] gSsn dfn;fdfg /x]sf] lhNnfsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;dIfk7fpg' kg]{5 / k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] klg To:tf] cfb]z adf]lhd sfd tfd]n u/fpg'kg]{5 .:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ædfn;fdfgÆ eGgfn] s;"/;Fu ;Da4 dfn;fdfgsf]xsdf z'? sAhf jf clwsf/leq /x]sf] dfn;fdfg nufot ;f] dfn;fdfg t'?Gt jf kl5kl/jt{g u/L jf ;6xL u/L jf laqmL u/L k|fKt eP u/]sf] cfDbfgL ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .(*= ;}lgs cbfntsf] sf/afxLsf] dfGotf M o; P]g cGtu{t ;}lgs cbfntn] u/]sf] k'k{IfnfO{cbfntL sf/afxL dflgg]5 .((= ;}lgs cbfntsf] :yug tyf lj36g M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;}lgs cbfnt :yug x'g]5 M–-s_ d'2fsf] k'k{If z'? eP kl5 bkmf ^& adf]lhd lgwf{l/t cWoIf tyf ;b:osf];ª\Vof 36\g uPdf,34


-v_ k'k{Ifsf] qmd hf/L /xFbf k|f8 ljjfssf] k|ltlglw jf cleo'Qm lj/fdL ePsf]sf/0fjf6 k'k{If rfn" /fVg ;Dej gePdf,-@_ ;}lgs cfjZostf jf cg'zf;gsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;}lgs cbfnt hf/L /fVg c;Dejjf cg'lrt b]lvPdf ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ;}lgs cbfnt lj36gug{ ;Sg]5 .-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf/0f k/L :ylut ePsf] ;}lgs cbfnt k"j{ l:yltdfcfPdf k'k{If k'gM rfn" ug{ ;lsg]5 .-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sf/0f k/L lj36g ePsf] ;}lgs cbfnt k'gM af]nfO{ d'2fsf]k'k{If rfn" ug{ ;lsg]5 .-%_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 km};nf ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sf/afxL ;dfKt ePkl5 To:tf] ;}lgscbfnt :jtM lj36g x'g]5 .!))= ldl;n k7fpg] M -!_ ;d/L ;}lgs cbfnt afx]s cGo ;}lgs cbfntaf6 d'2fsf] k'k{If,sf/afxL / lsgf/f ;dfKt ePkl5 lg0f{o ;lxtsf] ldl;n k|f8 ljjfs k7fpg' kg]{5 / k|f8ljjfsn] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L km};nf jf /fo ;b/sf] nflu qmdzM bkmf !)*, !)( / !!)adf]lhdsf clwsf/L ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .-@_ ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntaf6 d'2fsf] k'k{If, sf/afxL / lsgf/f eP kl5 lg0f{o ;lxtsf]ldl;n k|f8 ljjfsdf k7fpg' kg]{5 / k|f8 ljjfsn] cfjZos hfFra'em ug]{5 .-#_ bkmf !)% adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z ePsf] cj:yfdf ;hfo lbg] clws[tn]sf/afxLsf] ldl;nsf] k|dfl0ft gSsn bkmf !!* adf]lhdsf] clwsf/L ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .kl/R5]b–!!b08 ;hfo!)!= ;}lgs cbfntaf6 lbOg] ;hfo M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;hfo lbg ;lsg]5M–-s_ ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}b ug]{,-v_ c+z ;j{:j ug]{,-u_ !$ jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo ug]{,-3_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L x6fpg] jf eljiodf;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L jvf{:t ug]{,-ª_ bhf{ 36fpg],-r_ kfFr jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{,-5_ hËL sf/afxLdf ul/Psf] s;"/df tLg dlxgf;Ddsf] tna eQf s§f ug]{,35


-h_ Ifltk"lt{ geP;Dd tna eQf /f]Ssf ug]{,-em_ a9Ldf b'O{ jif{;Dd tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ug]{,-`_ gl;xt lbg],-@_ b]xfosf] s;"/ u/]df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5 M–-s_ bkmf #*, #( / bkmf $@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df;j{:j ;lxt hGds}b ;hfo x'g]5 .-v_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df rf}w jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g]5 M–-!_ bkmf $) adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df,-@_ hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] avt bkmf $! / $% sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf]s;"/ u/]df,-#_ hfgL hfgL bkmf $# jf $^ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df,-$_ hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] avt cfˆgf] st{Jo kfng ul//x]sf] s'g} clws[tpk/ bkmf $$ sf] v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd s;"/ u/]df,-%_ bkmf $& adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df .-u_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df bz jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g]5 M–-!_ hËL sf/afxLdf gnfu]sf] avt s'g} clws[t pk/ bkmf $$ sf] v08 -s_jf -v_ adf]lhd s;"/ u/]df,-@_ bkmf $*, $( jf bkmf %) adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df,-#_ bkmf %! sf] v08 -s_ jf bkmf %@ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df,-3_ bkmf $@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df c+z ;j{:j jf;ft jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g]5 .-ª_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df ;ft jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g]5 M–-!_ hËL sf/afxLdf gnfu]sf] avt bkmf $! adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df,-@_ yfxf gkfO{ bkmf $^ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df,-#_ bkmf %@ sf] v08 -v_, -u_, -3_, -ª_, -r_ jf -5_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df,-$_ bkmf %#, %$ jf bkmf ^# adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df .-r_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df kfFr jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g]5 M–-!_ bkmf $$ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd s;"/ u/]df,-@_ hËL sf/afxLdf gnfu]sf] avt bkmf $% sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/u/]df,36


-#_ bkmf %! sf] v08 -v_ jf -u_ jf bkmf %%, %^ jf bkmf %& adf]lhdsf]s;"/ u/]df,-5_ bkmf $@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ jf -3_ jf bkmf %*, %( jf bkmf ^)adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df tLg jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g]5 .-h_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g]5 M–-!_ bkmf $@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -ª_, -r_, -5_ jf -h_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/u/]df,-@_ bkmf $% sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd s;"/ u/]df,-#_ clws[teGbf tnsf] JolQmn] hËL sf/afxL / st{Jo kfngsf] ;dodf bkmf%@ sf] v08 -h_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df,-$_ yfxf gkfO{ bkmf $# adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df,-%_ bkmf ^! adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df .-em_ clws[teGbf tnsf] JolQmn] hËL sf/afxL / st{Jo kfng afx]s cGo ;dodfbkmf %@ sf] v08 -h_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df ^ dlxgf;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g]5 .-`_ bkmf %@ sf] v08 -em_ / -`_ adf]lhd s;"/ u/]df ;]jfaf6 avf{:t x'g]5 .-6_ bkmf ^@ sf] v08 -6_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df b'O{ tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{jif{ ;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ .-7_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 kl/R5]b–& df plNnlvt s;"/ ug]{ pBf]u u/]sf] jf To:tf]s;"/ ug{ ;'¥ofPsf] 7xl/Pdf o; P]gdf ls6fgL Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s b]xfoadf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5 M–-!_ ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}b x'g] s;"/ ug]{ pBf]u u/]sf]df rf}w jif{;Dd s}b /cGo s;"/ ug]{ pBf]u u/]sf]df h'g s;"/ ug]{ pBf]u u/]sf]5 ;f] s;"/ u/]afkt x'g] s}bsf] dflyNnf] xbsf] cfwf;Dd s}b,-@_ s'g} s;"/ ug{ ;'¥ofPsf]df h'g s;"/ ug{ ;'¥ofPsf]5 ;f] s;"/nfO{ x'g];hfo a/fa/,-#_ ;j{:j ;lxt hGd s}b x'g] s;"/ ug{ ;'¥ofPsf] t/ s;"/ x'g gkfPsf]dfrf}w jif{;Dd s}b / cGo s;"/ ug{ ;'¥ofPsf] t/ s;"/ x'g gkfPsf]df h'gs;"/ ug{ ;'¥ofPsf]5 ;f] s;"/ u/] afkt x'g] s}bsf] dflyNnf] xbsf]cfwf;Dd s}b .37


-#_ bkmf $@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd s;"/ ug]{ JolQm efu]sf] ldltn]k}+tL; lbgleq klg km]nf k/]g jf xflh/ x'g cfPg eg] lghsf] c+z /f]Ssf ul/g]5 . To:tf]JolQm tLg jif{;Dd klg xflh/ x'g cfPg jf vf]hL ubf{ klg km]nf k/]g eg] lghsf] c+zhkmt / lnnfd laqmL u/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] /sd ;/sf/L sf]ifdf bflvn ul/g]5 .-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd c+z hkmt u/]kl5 s;"/bf/ k]mnf k/]df ;j{:j ;lxt hGds}bsf] ;hfo lbg ;lsg]5 .-%_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -`_ adf]lhd eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g]u/L avf{:t ul/Psf s'g} JolQmsf] ;~rosf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd afx]s lghsf] afFsL /x]sf]tna eQf / lghn] kfpg' kg]{ lgj[Qe/0f nufot cGo ;'ljwf /sd ;d]t lbOg] 5}g .!)@= ;hfodf yk 36 ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 kl/R5]b–& df plNnlvt s;"/sf] cleof]u7x/ ePdf ;}lgs cbfntn] ;f] s;"/sf nflu bkmf !)! sf] pkbkmf -@_ df n]lvPadf]lhdsf] ;hfo jf s;"/sf] dfqf cg';f/ ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPsf;hfox?dWo] s'g} sd ;hfo lbg ;Sg]5 .-@_ ;}lgs cbfntn] bkmf !)! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd eljiodf ;/sf/L;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L jvf{:t ug]{ jf eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uog7xl/g] u/L x6fpg] ;hfo lbPsf]df ;f]xL pkbkmfsf] v08 -ª_, -r_, -5_, -h_, -em_ jf -6_adf]lhdsf] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L yk ;hfo lbg ;lsg]5 .-#_ clws[t bhf{sf] JolQmnfO{ bkmf !)! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ jf -u_adf]lhdsf] s'g} ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg' cufj} ;f]xL bkmfsf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ug'{kg]{5 .!)#= Ps s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] cleo'QmnfO{ csf]{ s;"/df ;hfo lbg;Sg] M -!_ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] s;"/sf] cleof]u nufOPsf] cleo'QmnfO{ ;}lgs cbfntn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf]s;"/df bf]ifL 7x¥ofO{ ;hfo lbg ;Sg]5 M–-s_ eu'jfsf] cleof]u nufOPsf]nfO{ efUg] pBf]u u/]sf] jf uon ePsf] s;"/df,-v_ efUg] pBf]u u/]sf] cleof]u nufOPsf]nfO{ uon ePsf] s;"/df,-u_ cfk/flws jn k|of]u ug]{ cleof]u nufOPsf]nfO{ xdnf u/]sf] s;"/df,-3_ wDsLsf] jf]nL k|of]u ug]{ cleof]u nufOPsf]nfO{ dof{bf g/fvL xf]RofO{ jf]n]sf]s;"/df,-ª_ bkmf $( sf] v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nufOPsf]JolQmnfO{ ;f]xL bkmfsf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/df .38


-@_ o; P]g adf]lhd s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nufOPsf] cleo'QmnfO{ s8f ;hfo x'g]kl/l:yltdf ;f] s;"/ u/]sf] egL k|dfl0ft gePdf ;}lgs cbfntn] ;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf s;"/u/]sf] dfgL sd ;hfo lbg ;Sg]5 .-#_ o; P]g adf]lhd s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nufOPsf] cleo'Qm pk/ ;f] s;"/ ug{pBf]u u/]sf] jf ;'¥ofPsf] egL 5'§} cleof]u gnufOPsf] eP tfklg ;}lgs cbfntn] To:tf]s;"/ ug{ pBf]u u/]sf] jf ;'¥ofPsf] egL bf]ifL 7x¥ofO{ ;hfo lbg ;Sg]5 .!)$= /0fe"ld ;hfo M -!_ bkmf ^# sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df hLpdf Iflt k'¥ofpg]afx]s y'Gg] jf s8f kl/>d u/fpg] u/L /0fe"ld ;hfo lbOg]5 .-@_ x'2f, cdNbf/ jf Ko'7nfO{ /0fe"ld ;hfo lbPsf] cj:yfdf lgh l;kfxLdfcf]x«flnPsf] dflgg]5 .!)%= ljefuLo ;hfo M -!_ kl/R5]b–* / o; kl/R5]bdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o;P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ b]xfosf bhf{sf JolQmn] o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ u/]df s;"/sf]ufDeLo{ x]/L lghnfO{ ;}lgs cbfnt gaf]nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] clwsf/Ln] b]xfo adf]lhdljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M–-s_ sdfl08Ë clws[t jf ;f] ;/xsf sdf08/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k|wfg;]gfkltn] tf]s]sf] cGo clws[tn] clws[t tyf klbs bhf{ afx]s cGo bhf{sfJolQmnfO{ b]xfosf] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg;Sg]5 M–-!_ tL; lbg;Dd ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /fVg],-@_ tL; lbg;Dd gh/aGb /fVg],-#_ tL; lbg;Dd nfOgdf y'Gg],-$_ yk uf8{ jf 8\o'6Ldf /fVg],-%_ ul//x]sf] sfd vf]:g] jf sfod d'sfod eO/x]sf] bhf{af6 x6fpg],-^_ c;n ;]jf, cfr/0f jf of]Uotf afkt vfO kfO/x]sf] tna eQf /f]Ssf jfs§f ug]{,-&_ gl;xt lbg],-*_ Ps dlxgfdf rf}w lbg;Ddsf] tna hl/afgf ug]{,-(_ Ifltk"lt{ geP;Dd tna eQf /f]Ssf jf s§f ug]{,-!)_ hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] avtdf tL; lbg;Dd /0fe"ld ;hfo ug]{,-!!_ /0fe"ld ;hfo lbg] .39


-v_ k[tgfklt, jflxgLklt jf ;f] ;/xsf kltn] jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{k|wfg ;]gfkltn] tf]s]sf] cGo clwsf/Ln] ;]gfgLeGbf tNnf] bhf{sf] clws[t jfklbsnfO{ b]xfosf s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5M–-!_ gl;xt lbg],-@_ r]tfjgL lbg],-#_ Ifltk"lt{ geP;Dd tna eQf /f]Ssf ug]{,-$_ Ps jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{,-%_ Ps jif{;Dd Ho]i7tf s§f ug]{ .-u_ pk/yL jf ;f] ;/xsf bhf{sf clwsf/Ln] jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k|wfg;]gfkltn] tf]s]sf] cGo clwsf/Ln] k|d'v ;]gfgL / ;f]eGbf tNnf] bhf{sf] clws[t/ klbsnfO{ b]xfosf] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg;Sg]5 M–-!_ gl;xt lbg],-@_ r]tfjgL lbg],-#_ Ifltk"lt{ geP;Dd tna eQf /f]Ssf ug]{,-$_ Ps jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{,-%_ Ps jif{;Dd Ho]i7tf s§f ug]{ .-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k|wfg ;]gfklt jf sdfl08Ë clws[tn] tf]s]sf] cGoclws[tn] of] P]g cGtu{tsf] s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] klbs bhf{sf] ;}lgspk/ tf]lsPsf] tl/sfn] sf/afxL rnfO{ s;"/ u/]sf] 7xl/Pdf x'g uPsf] Ifltk"lt{geP;Dd lghsf] tna eQf /f]Sg ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg' cl3 ;DalGwt cleo'Qmn]rfx]df To:tf] s;"/sf] k'k{If ;}lgs cbfntaf6 u/fpgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg] clwsf/af6lghnfO{ jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .!)^= ljefuLo ;hfosf] xb M -!_ bkmf !)% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd ljefuLo;hfosf] cfb]z lbFbf ;f]xL v08sf] pkv08 -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd /0fe"ld ;hfo vflkg] 5}g .-@_ bkmf !)% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -!_, -@_, -#_ jf -$_adf]lhdsf] ;hfo dWo] b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;hfo lbPsf] cj:yfdf pkv08 -!_ jf -@_adf]lhdsf] ;hfo e'Stfg ePkl5 dfq pkv08 -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfo yk x'g]5 .40


-#_ bkmf !)% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -!_, -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd Psjf PseGbf a9L ;hfosf] cfb]z lbOPsf]df To:tf ;hfosf] s'n cjlw k+}tfnL; lbgeGbf a9Lx'g]5}g .-$_ laNnfbf/eGbf tNnf] bhf{sf] ;}lgsnfO{ bkmf !)% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ sf]pkv08 -&_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .!)&= ;fd"lxs hl/afgf M -!_ s'g} u'Nd, :Sjf8«g, Jof6«L jf To:tf] c? o'lg6sf] ;/;fdfg -OlSjkd]06_ s'g} xft xltof/, uf]nL uf jf xft xltof/sf] s'g} kf6{k'hf{ x/fP, rf]l/Pdf To:tfo'lg6sf ;]gf, rd', k[tgf jf jflxgLkltn] sf]6{ ckm\ OGSjfo/Lsf] k|ltj]bg kfPkl5 klbs, x'2f,cdNbf/, Ko'7 / To; o'lg6sf JolQmx¿ ;a}nfO{ jf hjfkmb]xL x'g'kg]{ egL cfk"mn] 7x¥ofPhlt JolQmx¿nfO{ ;fd"lxs hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ hl/afgf nfu]sf JolQmx¿sf] tnaaf6 bfdf;fxLn] To:tf] hl/afgf c;"n pk/ul/g]5 .kl/R5]b–!@d'2f ;b/ ug]{ / bf]xf]¥ofpg]!)*= hg/n ;}lgs cbfntsf] 7x/ jf ;hfo ;b/ ug]{ M hg/n ;}lgs cbfntaf6 ePsf] 7x/ jf;hfo g]kfn ;/sf/n] jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] clwsf/ lbPsf] clwsf/Ln] ;b/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .!)(= ;d/L hg/n ;}lgs cbfntsf] 7x/ jf ;hfo ;b/ ug]{ M ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg] clws[tn] jflghn] dflyNnf] txdf k]z ug'{ eGg] cfb]z lbPdf lgheGbf dflysf clws[tn] ;d/L hg/n ;}lgscbfntaf6 ePsf] 7x/ jf ;hfo ;b/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .!!)= l8li6«S6 ;}lgs cbfntsf] 7x/ jf ;hfo ;b/ ug]{ M l8li6«S6 ;}lgs cbfntaf6 ePsf] 7x/jf ;hfo hg/n ;}lgs cbfnt af]nfpg] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L jf lghaf6 clwsf/ k|fKtclwsf/Ln] ;b/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .!!!= d'2f ;b/ u/fpFbf ckgfpg' kg]{ sfo{ljlw M bkmf !)*, !)( / !!) adf]lhdsf] d'2f ;b/u/fpg] k|of]hgsf nflu d'2f km};nf ug]{ ;}lgs cbfntn] km};nf ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq:ki6 cfwf/ / sf/0f ;lxtsf] km};nfsf] k"0f{ kf7 tof/ u/L ;b/sf] nflu ;DalGwt ldl;ntL; lbgleq pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L k|fKt ePsf] ldl;nsf xsdf km};nf ;b/ ug]{lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] To:tf] ldl;n k|fKt ePsf ldltn] a9Ldf tL; lbgleq cfˆgf]sf/afxLsf] 6'+uf] nufpg' kg]{5 .!!@= zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg] M bkmf !)* jf !!) adf]lhd clwsf/ lbg] clwsf/Ln] clwsf/ lbFbfcfjZostf cg';f/ zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .41


!!#= ;hfo 36fpg ;Sg] M ;}lgs cbfntsf] ;hfo ;b/ ug]{ clwsf/Ln] bkmf !!@ adf]lhd s'g}zt{ tf]lsPdf To;sf] cwLgdf /xL ;}lgs cbfntsf] ;hfo 36fpg jf bkmf !)! dftf]lsPsf] ;hfox?dWo] sd ;hfo lbg ;Sg]5 .!!$= 7x/ jf ;hfo bf]xf]¥ofpg] M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 7x/ ePsf] ;hfonfO{ ;f] ;b/ ug]{clwsf/Ln] bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePdf ;}lgs cbfntn] ;f] d'2fdf c? yk ;j't k|df0fa'emL d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;Sg]5 .-#_ d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g'{ kbf{ s'g} clgjfo{ sf/0fn] pkl:yt x'g g;s]df afx]s z'? km};nfug]{ clws[tx¿af6 g} bf]xf]¥ofpg' k5{ .-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd z'? km};nf ug]{ clws[tx¿ pkl:yt x'g g;s]df ;f] sf]sf/0f ;lxtsf] lg:;f ldl;n ;fd]n /fvL z'? km};nf ug]{ clws[tdWo] pkl:yt x'g g;Sg];ª\Vof j/fj/sf cGo ;b:ox¿ ykL d'2fsf] sf/afxL z'? ug'{ kg]{5 .!!%= ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntsf] 7x/ jf ;hfo M -!_ ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntsf] 7x/ jf ;hfo ;b/u/fO/xg' kg]{ 5}g . t'?Gt tfd]n ug'{ kg]{5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kfFr jif{eGbf sd ;]jf cjlwePsf clws[tn] sf/afxL u/]sf] /x]5 eg] hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] avtdf afx]s jflxgLkltjf ;f]eGbf dflyNnf] clws[tsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L ;hfo tfd]n ug'{ x'Fb}g .-#_ ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntn] u/]sf] 7x/ jf ;hfo jflxgL jf k[tgfklt jf k|wfg;]gfkltn] clwsf/ lbPsf] clws[t ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf clws[tn] d'2fsf] jf:tljs?k x]/L 7x/ jf ;hfo ab/ ug{ jf 36fpg ;Sg]5 .!!^= 7x/ jf ;hfo x]/km]/ ug]{ M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntsf] ;hfo ;b/ ePsf] jf ;b/ u/fpg' gkg]{s'g} 7x/ jf ;hfo k|df0fåf/f ;dy{g x'g g;s]df jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 dfGg g;lsg]ePdf bkmf !!# adf]lhd ;hfo 36fpg clwsf/ kfPsf clwsf/Ln] gofF 7x/ jf ;hfo u/]df;f] adf]lhd ;hfo sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg]5 .t/ To:tf] 7x/ jf ;hfodf ;}lgs cbfntn] clwsf/If]qsf] k|Zg p7fPdf jf ;f] 7x/jf ;hfo x'g] sf/0fdf ;}lgs cbfnt ;Gt'i6 x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s gofF 7x/ jf;hfo ug'{ x'Fb}g .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd gofF 7x/ u/L ;hfo lbOPsf]df afx]s ;}lgs cbfntaf6ul/Psf] / ;b/ eO;s]sf] jf ;b/ u/fpg gkg]{ s'g} ;hfo s'g} sf/0faf6 cdfGo 7xl/gcfPdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/Ln] ;f]xL pkbkmfdf plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xLcfk"mn] plrt 7x¥ofPsf] gofF ;hfo lbg ;Sg]5 .42


-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lbOg] ;hfo ;}lgs cbfntaf6 7x/ ePsf] ;hfoeGbfa9L x'g] u/L lbOg] 5}g .-$_ o; bkmf cGtu{t x]/km]/ jf 7x/ ePsf] ;hfo ;}lgs cbfntaf6 u/] ;/x x'g]5 .!!&= 7x/ jf ;b/ dfGo gx'g] M ;d/L ;}lgs cbfnt afx]s cGo ;}lgs cbfntaf6 ePsf 7x/ jf;hfo clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 ;b/ geP;Dd dfGo x'g]5}g .!!*= ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z pk/ k'gM ljrf/ M ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z u}/sfg"gL, cGofok"0f{ jfa9L b]lvg cfPdf b]xfosf clwsf/Ln] k'gM ljrf/ u/L ;f] ;hfo ab/, x]/km]/ jf 36fpg]cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M–-s_ sdfl08Ë clws[tn] lbPsf] ;hfosf] xsdf To:tf] sdfl08Ë clws[teGbf sdf08dfpRr ePsf] h'g;'s} clws[t,-v_ c? s'g} clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] ;hfosf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/, k|wfg ;]gfklt jf k|wfg;]gfkltaf6 tf]lsPsf] c? clws[t .!!( ;}lgs cbfntsf] cfb]z jf km};nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg M -!_ bkmf ^* sf] v08 -s_ cGtu{thg/n ;}lgs cbfnt / ;d/L hg/n ;}lgs cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]z pk/k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg b]xfosf] Ps ;}lgs ljz]if cbfnt /xg]5 M–-s_ Gofo kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;dfg]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] GofofwLz – cWoIf-v_ /Iff dGqfnosf ;lrj– ;b:o-u_ k|f8 ljjfssf k|d'v – ;b:o-@_ bkmf ^* sf] v08 -s_ cGtu{t hg/n ;}lgs cbfnt / ;d/L hg/n ;}lgscbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]z pk/ lrQ gj'‰g] kIfn] ;f] km};nf jf clGtdcfb]z ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cbfnt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{;Sg]5 .-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cbfntn] bkmf ^@ cGtu{tsf d'2fsf] z'? sf/afxL /lsgf/f ;d]t ug]{5 .-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ePsf] k}m;nf pk/ #% lbgleq ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k'g/fj]bgnfUg ;Sg]5 .-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cbfntn] d'2fsf] z'? sf/afxL / lsgf/f tyf k'g/fj]bgsf]sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ sfo{ljlw tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .43


-^_ bkmf ^* sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ cGtu{tsf] If]qflwsf/leqsf s;"/x?sf] ;DaGwdf;}lgs cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]z pk/ lrQ gj'‰g] kIfn] km};nf jf clGtdcfb]z ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq k|f8 ljjfs dfkm{t k|wfg ;]gfklt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{;Sg]5 .-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{sf nflu b]xfosf]Ps k'g/fj]bg ;ldlt /xg]5 M–-s_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] tf]s]sf] ;xfos /yL – cWoIf-v_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] tf]s]sf] dxf;]gfgL – ;b:o-u_ ;DalGwt d'2fsf] ;}lgscbfntdf ;+nUg g/x]sf]k|f8 ljjfssf] k|ltlglw– ;b:o-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] k'g/fj]bgsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{sfo{ljlw tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .kl/R5]b–!#;hfosf] sfof{Gjog!@)= s}b cjlwsf] u0fgf M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntåf/f lbOPsf] s}b ;hfo bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]l/Psf] eP tfklggeP tfklg lx/f;tdf /fv]sf] eP ;f] ldltb]lv / g/fv]sf] eP d'2fsf] z'? sf/afxLdfcWoIfn] / ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntsf] xsdf pQm cbfntsf] clws[tn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ldltb]lvs}bsf] cjlw u0fgf ul/g]5 .-@_ hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] avtdf s;"/ u/]sf] egL ;}lgs cbfntaf6 bf]ifL 7x/ePsf JolQmnfO{ avf{:t gu/L s}bsf] ;hfo tf]lsPsf]df s'g} sf/0fn] sf/fuf/ rnfg ug{g;lsPsf] cj:yfdf tf]lsPsf] clws[tn] cfˆgf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfnL sfd ug{ lgb]{zglbg ;Sg]5 .-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw s}bdf /x] ;/x u0fgf ul/g]5 .!@!= s}b ;hfosf] tfd]nL M -!_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 s}b ;hfo kfPsf] JolQmnfO{ ;hfo ;b/ ug]{clws[tn] jf ;d/L ;}lgs cbfntsf] xsdf cbfntsf clws[tn] s}bsf] ;hfo e'Stfg ug{sf/fuf/ rnfg ug{ cfb]z lbg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z lbPkl5 ;hfo ef]Ug] JolQmsf] sdfl08Ë clws[t jflghn] tf]s]sf] c? clws[tn] y'g'jf k'hL{;fy To; JolQmnfO{ sf/fuf/ rnfg ug'{ kg]{5 .-#_ s}bLnfO{ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf ;fbf{ pDsL, efuL hfg jf c? cjflG5t sfdug{ gkfpg] u/L dgfl;a dflkmssf] k|ltaGw nufpg ;lsg]5 .44


-$_ sf/fuf/df y'lgPsf] s}bLsf] ;DaGwdf klxn] hf/L ePsf] cfb]zsf] ;§f gofF cfb]zhf/L ePdf To:tf] cfb]z lbg] clws[tn] ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] y'g'jf k'hL{ ;DalGwt sf/fuf/k|d'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .-%_ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf] / cGo sf/0fn] o; P]g adf]lhd hf/LePsf] y'g'jf k'hL{ jf c? s'g} lnvtdf ;fdfGo q'l6 ePsf] jf 9fFrf gldn]sf] sf/0faf6dfqs'g} y'g'jfnfO{ u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf /fv]sf] dflgg] 5}g .-^_ s}bsf] ;hfo e'Stfg u/fpg sf/fuf/ k7fpg] cfb]z ePsf]df ;f] sf/fuf/dfgk7fpFbf;Dd cleo'QmnfO{ c? pko'Qm :yfgdf lx/f;tdf /fVg ;lsg]5 .-&_ tLg dlxgfeGbf sd s}bsf] ;hfo ePsf] cj:yfdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf]clws[tn] To:tf] ;hfo kfPsf JolQmnfO{ ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /fvL ;hfo e'Stfg u/fpg] cfb]zlbg ;Sg]5 .-*_ hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] avtdf sdfl08Ë clws[tn] tf]s]sf] 7fpFdf y'gL s}bsf];hfo e'Stfg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .-(_ o; P]g adf]lhd s}bdf /x]sf s}bLnfO{ s}bdf /xFbf zf/Ll/s ;hfo lbOg] 5}g /k|rlnt sfg"gn] Joj:yf u/]sf]eGbf cGoyf x'g] u/L s}b ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .-!)_ ;}lgs sf/fuf/ jf ;}lgs lx/f;tdf s}b ;hfo tfd]n x'g g;Sg] cj:Yff 5 eGg];]gf, rd', k[tgf jf jflxgL sdf08 ug]{ clws[tnfO{ nfu]df cGo s'g} sf/fuf/df s}b e'Stfgu/fpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .!@@= o'åaGbL dfGg'kg]{ cjlw M bkmf !#! sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s'g} JolQmsf] bkmf !@( df pNn]veP adf]lhd lghsf] cfr/0fsf] hfFrj'em ;dfKt geP;Dd / hfFra'em ;dfKt ePkl5cfr/0f afkt ;]jfaf6 avf{:t eP5 eg] avf{:t ePsf] lbg;Dd o'4jGbL eO/x]sf] dflgg]5 .!@#= tna eQf s6f}tL M -!_ ;hfosf] cfb]z sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf]cj:yfdf clws[tsf] tna eQf b]xfo adf]lhd s§f ul/g]5 M–-s_ sdfl08Ë clws[tnfO{ lbPsf] :ki6Ls/0f ;Gtf]ifhgs eO{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6:jLs[t ePdf afx]s uon ePsf] lbgsf] tna eQf,-v_ s'g} ;}lgs jf cGo cbfnt jf ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln]lbPsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z adf]lhd lx/f;tdf /x]sf] jf 8\o"6Laf6 lgnDag ePsf]a]nfsf] tna eQf,-u_ u}/sfg"gL ?kdf s;}sf] tna /f]s]sf] jf lbg OGsf/ u/]sf]df lbg' kg]{ 7xl/gcfPsf] /sd,45


-3_ ;}lgs cbfnt jf ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;hfosf]cfb]z lbFbf x'g uPsf] vr{ k"lt{ ug{ rflxg] /sd,-ª_ ;}lgs cbfnt jf ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lbPsf];hfosf] cfb]z adf]lhd hkmt ug]{ jf /f]Sg] egL cfb]z lbPsf] ;a} tna eQf,-r_ ;}lgs cbfnt jf bkmf ^^ adf]lhd cGo s'g} cbfntaf6 ul/Psf] hl/afgfafktsf] /sd,-5_ s'g} clws[tsf] nfk/jfxL jf uNtLn] g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lghL;DklQ rf]/L jf xflg gf]S;fgL ePsf] egL /Ltk"j{ssf] txlssftaf6 b]lvgcfPdf To:tf] ;Dklt k"lt{ ug{ rflxg] /sd,-h_ s'g} clws[t zq';Fu ldNg uPsf] jf zq'sf] sAhfdf /x]sf] a]nfdf zq'sf] ;]jfu/L a;]sf] jf zq'sf] cfb]z cGtu{t jf c? tj/n] zq'nfO{ ;xfotf u/]sf] jfcl3af6} plrt ;fjwfgL gu/L hfgL hfgL cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngdf nfk/jfxL u/Lzq'sf] s}bL ePsf] jf zq'sf] s}bL ePkl5 klg lkmtf{ cfpg ;Sg] cj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb}cfˆgf] kIfdf gcfPsf] eGg] k|wfg ;]gfkltn] v8f u/]sf] sf]6{ ck\m OGSjfo/Laf67x/ eO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfb]zn] hkmt ePsf] ;a} tna eQf /sd,-em_ cfkm\gf] kTgL / 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] kfng kf]if0fsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfb]zn]lbg'kg]{ /sd jf To:tf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] kfng kf]if0fsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] lbO{/fv]sf] /sd,-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ clws[tjfx]s c? JolQmsf] tna eQf /sdaf6 b]xfo jdf]lhd s6f}tL ug{ ;lsg]5 M–-s_ uon jf eu'jf jf o'4aGbL eP jf ;}lgs jf cGo cbfnt jf ljefuLo ;hfosf]cfb]z lbg kfpg] clws[tn] s}b u/]afkt jf ;}lgs cbfnt jf To:tf] clws[tn]/0fe"ld ;hfo u/]afkt uon ePsf] k|To]s lbgsf] tna eQf / s'g} cleof]udfy'lgPsf]df kl5 ;}lgs cbfnt jf cGo cbfntaf6 bf]ifL ;fljt e} To:tf] y'gfdf/x]sf] cjlwsf] k|To]s lbgsf] tna eQf /sd,-v_ ;}lgs jf cGo cbfnt jf ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] bf]ifL7x/fPsf] s;"/sf] cleof]udf cl3 lx/f;tdf ePsf] jf lgnDjg ePsf] avtsf]tna eQf /sd,-u_ o; P]g cGtu{t s;"/ 7xl/g] sfd u/]af6 lj/fdL ePsf] egL lrlsT;sn] k/LIf0fu/L k|df0fkq lbPdf To;/L lj/fdL eO{ c:ktfn j;]sf] k|To]s lbgsf] tna eQf/sd,46


-3_ b'/frf/ jf nfk/jfxLaf6 lj/fdL x'g uPsf] egL lrlsT;sn] k/LIf0f u/Lk|df0fkq lbPdf To;/L la/fdL eO{ c:ktfndf a;]sf] k|To]s lbgsf] g]kfn;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] jf g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f clwsf/ k|fKt s'g} clws[tn] tf]s]sf] /sd,-ª_ ;}lgs cbfnt jf ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Laf6 hkmt ug]{ jf/f]Sg] egL cfb]z ePsf] tna eQf /sd,-r_ zq'n] o'4aGbLsf]?kdf /fv]sf] jf zq'sf] sAhfdf /x]sf] avt cfˆgf] cfr/0fsfsf/0f ;]jfaf6 a/vf:t ul/Psf] ldltn] zq'af6 5'6fOPsf] ldlt;Ddsf] k|To]slbgsf] tna eQf /sd,-5_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} 3/ jf ;DklQsf] xflg gf]S;fgL jf gfz u/], x/fP jfcgfjZos ?kdf s'g} vr{ u/fPsf] egL cfˆgf] sdfl08Ë clws[tn] 7x¥ofPdfTo:tf] k"lt{ ug{ rflxg] /sd,-h_ ;}lgs cbfnt jf cGo cbfnt jf bkmf ^^, !)% jf !)& adf]lhd clwsf/k|of]u ug]{ s'g} clwsf/Laf6 ul/Psf] hl/afgf ltg{ rflxg] /sd,-em_ cfˆgf] kTgL / 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] kfng kf]if0fsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfb]zn] lbg'kg]{/sd jf To:tf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] kfng kf]if0fsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] lbO/fv]sf]/sd .!@$= uon jf lx/f;tdf k/]sf] ;dosf] u0fgf M bkmf !@# sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ sf]k|of]hgsf] nflu,–-s_ Ps lbg jf PseGbf a9L lbg u/L nuftf/ ^ 306feGbf sd uon ePdf jf lx/f;tdfk/]df uon ePsf] jf lx/f;tdf k/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .-v_ Ps lbgeGbf sDtL uon ePsf] jf lx/f;tdf k/]sf] sf/0faf6 s'g} ;}lgsn] k"/f ;dosfd ug{ gkfO{ c? s;}nfO{ ;f] sfddf nufOPdf To;/L Ps lbgeGbf sd uon jflx/f;tdf k/]sfnfO{ Ps lbg uon ePsf] jf lx/f;tdf k/]sf] dflgg]5 .-u_ s'g} lbg nuftf/ afx| 306f jf a9L uon ePsf] jf lx/f;tdf k/]sf] eP To:tf] ;dohlt eP tfklg Ps lbg dfq uon ePsf] jf lx/f;tdf k/]sf] dflgg]5 .-3_ dWo /ft cufl8b]lv uon eO{ jf lx/f;tdf /xL dWo /ftkl5 ;f] uon jf lx/f;tcGt ePdf k"/f Ps lbgsf] cjlw dflgg]5 .!@%= d'2f k'k{If x'Fbfsf] tna eQf M s'g} cleof]u nfuL lx/f;tdf /x]sf] jf lgnDjg ePsf] o;P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQmsf] xsdf tf]lsPsf] clws[tn] bkmf !@# sf] pkbkmf -!_sf] v08 -v_ / pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu d'2f lsgf/f gnfu];Ddlghsf] tna eQf /f]Ssf /fVg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .47


!@^= s6f}tLsf] xb M avf{;Lsf] ;hfo ePsf]df afx]s bkmf !@# sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -3_, -r_,-5_ / -h_ ;Dddf n]lvPsf s'/fx¿af6 tna eQfdf x'g] s6f}tL ;DalGwt JolQmn] kfpg] s'g}klg dlxgfsf] tna eQfsf] cfwfeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .!@&= ;~rosf]if, lgj[Qe/0f jfx]s c? /sdaf6 s§f x'g] M o; P]g adf]lhd s'g} JolQmsf] tnaeQfaf6 s§f x'g] hlt /sd c;"n pk/ ug]{ s'g} csf]{ tl/sfdf k|lts"n k|efj gkf/L;~rosf]if / lgj[Qe/0faf6 afx]s ;f] JolQmn] kfpg] c? /sdaf6 s§f x'g ;Sg]5 .!@*= ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n pk/ ul/g] M o; P]g adf]lhd cbfntL sf/afxL ubf{ nfu]sf]hl/afgf c;"n pk/ ug{ ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ n]vL k7fpg ;lsg]5 . To;/Ln]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhd ;/sf/L afFsL;/x c;"n pk/ u/L ;DalGwt ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .!@(= rfn rng af/] hfFra'em x'Fbf;Dd o'4aGbLsf] tna eQf M o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g}JolQm o'4aGbL x'Fbf jf zq'sf] sAhfdf ePsf] avt of] P]g jf c? P]g cGtu{t rfn rngaf/] hfFra'em ug'{ kbf{ k|wfg ;]gfklt jf lghaf6 clwsf/ k|fKt s'g} clws[tn] To:tf]hfFra'emsf] kl/0ffd yfxf gx'Fbf;Dd lghsf] k"/} jf cf+lzs tna eQf /f]Sg] cfb]z lbg;Sg]5 .!#)= s6f}tLx¿ dfkmL lbg] M o; P]g adf]lhd tna eQfdf x'g] s6f}tL tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] dfqfdfdfkmL lbg ;lsg]5 .!#!= dfkmL ePsf] s6f}tLaf6 o'åaGbLsf] cfl>tx¿sf] Joj:yf M -!_ o'åaGbL ePsf o; P]gsf]If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ JolQmsf] tna eQf bkmf !@# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -h_ / pkbkmf -@_sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd hkmt ePsf] t/ bkmf !#) adf]lhd dfkmL ePsf] /x]5 eg] tf]lsPsf]clwsf/Lx¿n] To:tf JolQmsf cfl>tx¿nfO{ ;f] tna eQfdWo]af6 /f;g / c? cfjZoss'/fsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf]df jfFsL /xg] /sd dfq dfkmLePsf] dflgg]5 .-@_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQm o'åaGbL ePsf] /x]5 jf hËLsf/afxLdf x/fPsf] /x]5 eg] tf]lsP adf]lhd lghsf] tna eQfjf6 lghsf cfl>tx¿sf]lgldQ pko'Qm /fzg / cGo s'/fsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .!#@= g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;hfosf] sfof{Gjog M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd ;hfo kfPsf] JolQmg]kfn /fHo aflx/ /x]sf] cj:yfdf lgh /x]s} d'n'sdf jf g]kfn NofO{ ;hfosf] sfof{Gjogug{ ;lsg]5 .-@_ g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{/t s'g} JolQm g]kfn /fHo aflx/ a;]sf] ;dodf ;]jfaf6 d'Qmx'g] ePdf jf d'Qm eP kl5 lghnfO{ g]kfn lemsfpg ;lsg]5 .48


kl/R5]b–!$ljljw!##= xftxltof/, v/vhfgf tyf cGo ;}Go ;fdu|Lsf] lgoGq0f tyf lhDd]jf/L M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n]tf]s]sf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] xftxltof/, v/vhfgf tyf cGo ;}Go ;/;fdu|Lsf] lgoGq0fsf] lhDdf k|wfg ;]gfkltdf /xg]5 .-@_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf nflu xftxltof/, v/vhfgf tyf cGo ;}Go ;/ ;fdu|L vl/b ug{cfjZos k/]df k|wfg ;]gfkltn] To;sf] k'i6\ofOF ;lxtsf] ljj/0f /Iff dGqfnodf k|:t't ug'{kg]{5 . To;/L k|fKt ljj/0fsf ;DaGwdf gLltut lg0f{osf nflu dlGqkl/ifb\df l;kmfl/z ug{/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\df k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .-#_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] xftxltof/, v/vhfgf tyfcGo ;}Go ;/ ;fdu|L k|rlnt sfg"g tyf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lbPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd cfˆgf]lgoGq0f tyf lhDd]jf/Ldf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s'g} cËnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] cfb]z lbg ;S]g5 .-$_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] xftxltof/, v/vhfgf tyf cGo ;}Go ;/ ;fdu|Lg]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf cË afx]s cGo lgsfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ jfafnlu/Ldf lbg ;Sg]5 .-%_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] xftxltof/, v/vhfgf tyf cGo ;}Go ;/ ;fdu|Lsf]cBfjlws ljj/0f k|To]s ^÷^ dlxgfdf /Iff dGqfnodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] afx]s /IffdGqfnon] dfu u/]sf] ;dodf To;sf] cBfjlws ljj/0f k]z ug]{ st{Jo k|wfg ;]gfkltsf]x'g]5 .-^_ ;]gfsf] sfd / tflndsf] nflu vr{ ePsf] xftxltof/ v/vhfgf ldGxf lbg]clwsf/ k|wfg ;]gfkltnfO{ x'g]5 / ;f] afx]s cGo sfddf vr{ ePsf] xftxltof/ tyfv/vhfgf ldGxf lbg] clwsf/ /Iff dGqfnonfO{ x'g]5 .!#$= k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf M -!_ k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] dfl;s kfl/>lds g]kfn;/sf/n] tf]s] adff]lhd x'g]5 .-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] dfl;s kfl/>ldsaf6 ;os8f bzsf b/n];~rosf]if s§f u/L ;f] s§f /sddf zt k|ltzt yk u/L ;~rosf]ifdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 .-#_ sf7df8f+} pkTosfleq pko'Qm 3/ gx'g] k|wfg ;]gfkltnfO{ cfjf;sf nflu g]kfn;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 pko'Qm 3/sf] jGbf]j:t x'g]5 .-$_ k|wfg ;]gfkltnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 ;jf/L ;fwg pknAw u/fOg]5 .-%_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz k|fKt u/]kl5 g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgj[Qe/0f ;DaGwLk|rlnt lgod cg';f/ lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]5 .49


-^_ k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] Psf3/;Fusf] kl/jf/nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0flbOg]5 M–-s_ k|wfg ;]gfklt cfˆgf] kbdf 5Fb} d[To' ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf]Psd'i6 /sd,-v_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] gf} jif{ gk'Ub} lghsf] d[To' ePdfgf} jif{ k'Ug hlt cjlw afFsL /xG5 Tolt cjlw;Dd ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] /sd .-&_ pkbkmf -%_ / -^_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfod d'sfod k|wfg;]gfklt eO{ sfo{ef/ ;Dxfn]sf] cjlwsf] lgj[Qe/0f jf kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f lbOg] 5}g .-*_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] k|To]s jif{ k"/f kfl/>lds ;lxt b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljbf kfpg]5 M–-s_ e}kl/ cfpg] ljbf aL; lbg,-v_ 3/ ljbf k}+tfnL; lbg,-u_ la/fdL ljbf kGw| lbg .-(_ e}kl/ cfpg] ljbf ;f]xL jif{ pkof]u gePdf csf]{ jif{ ;l~rt x'g]5}g . 3/ ljbfclwstd k}tfnL; lbg;Dd / la/fdL ljbf ;]jf cjlwe/sf] ;l~rt /xg]5 . k|wfg ;]gfkltn]cjsfz k|fKt ubf{ ;l~rt /x]sf] 3/ ljbf / la/fdL ljbf afktsf] /sd k|fKt ug]{5 .-!)_ k|wfg ;]gfkltn] e}kl/ cfpg] ljbf cfkm} lng ;Sg]5 / 3/ ljbf tyf la/fdL ljbf/IffdGqLaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .-!!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljbf e'Qmfg gx'Fb} k|wfg ;]gfkltnfO{ sfddf lkmtf{ af]nfpg;Sg]5 .!#%= hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] 3f]if0ff M g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ h'g;'s} JolQmjf JolQmx¿sf] annfO{ hxfF;'s} sfd ul//x]sf] eP tfklg jf c? s'g} P]g nfu" e}/x]sf] ePtfklg hËL sf/afxLdf nfu]sf] egL 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg]5 .!#^= ;}lgs sf/fuf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] clwgdf /x]sf] dfgjf]lrt ef}lts ;'ljwfx? ePsf] s'g} 3/jf 3/sf] s'g} efunfO{ ;}lgs cbfntaf6 s}b ;hfo kfPsf JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVgsf] lgldQ;}lgs sf/fuf/ egL tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .!#&= s'g} andf o; P]gsf] k|of]u M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L vf;sfdsf] lgldQ 5'6[} an u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt ;"rgfdf To;/L ul7t annfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] o;P]gsf ;a} jf s]xL bkmfx¿ ?kfGt/ u/L jf gu/L nfu" ug{ jf s'g} bkmfnfO{ s]xL ;do;Ddsf]lgldQ :yug ug]{ u/L cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] cfb]zdf cfjZos zt{ ;d]t tf]Sg;Sg]5 .50


-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsfJolQmx?sf] xsdf ;d]t nfu" ug{ ;lsg]5 .-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] andf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{/t ljleGgbhf{sf ;}lgsnfO{ ;d]t v6fpg ;Sg]5 .!#*= ljz]if cj:yfdf clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ clws[tx¿ M -!_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{JolQmx¿n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s'g} PsfOdf /xg] ;+VofeGbf a9L ;+Vof ePsf] s'g} ;}lgs;Ë7gsf sdfl08Ë clws[tsf] cwLg sfd ul//x]sf] avt To:tf] JolQmx¿ pk/ sdfl08Ëclws[tsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] P]g cGtu{t ;]gf, rd', k[tgf tyfjflxgLsf] clws[tnfO{ lgldQ d's/{/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d's/{/ ubf{ o; P]g cGtu{t ;a} jf s]xLclwsf/, ;Ldf, ckjfb / zt{x¿ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .!#(= >]0fL ljefhg tyf ;dfj]z M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ bkmf #adf]lhdsf] s'g} JolQm jf JolQmx¿sf] annfO{ clws[t, klbs jf laNnfbf/ >]0fLdf ljefhgug{ / s'g} JolQmnfO{ To;/L ljeflht >]0fLdf ;dfj]z ug{ / klxn] >]0fLdf ljeflht ePsf]dfab/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} JolQm clws[t, klbs jf laNnfbf/ >]0fLdf ljefhggul/Psf] eP lgh laNnfbf/eGbf d'lgsf] dflgg]5 .!$)= hFfra'em cfof]u u7g ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; P]gsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ s'g} JolQm ;d]t ;+nUgePsf] s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf hfFra'em u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]hfFra'em cfof]u P]g, @)@^ adf]lhd hfFra'em cfof]u u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] hfFra'em cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyfcGo Joj:yf ;f]xL P]gdf n]lvP adf]lhd x'g]5 .!$!= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] P]g tyf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodadf]lhd cfk"mnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ k|wfg ;]gfklt tyf dftxtsf lgsfo jf clwsf/L jf cGo;/sf/L lgsfo jf clwsf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfk"m jf s'g} lgsfo jfclwsf/Ldf lglxt clVtof/ cfjZostf cg';f/ k|wfg ;]gfklt / lgh dftxtsf PsfOnfO{;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd ;'lDkPsf] clVtof/ ;'lDkPs} cj:Yffdf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf;Da4 lgsfo jf clwsf/L cfkm}n] k|of]u ug{ s'g} afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .51


-$_ o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|wfg ;]gfkltn] cfk"mnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/cfˆgf] pQ/bfloTjdf dftxtsf lgsfo jf clwsf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .!$@= lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg k|wfg;]gfkltnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] lbPsf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ug{', u/fpg' k|wfg;]gfkltsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .!$#= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZoslgod agfpg ;Sg]5 .-@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;j{;fdfGotfdf k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{ u/L g]kfnL ;]gf;DaGwL b]xfosf ljifox¿df lgodx¿ agfpg ;lsg]5 M–-s_ lgo'lQm, ljbf, a9'jf, bhf{ 36fpg], cjsfz, avf{:t tyf ;]jfsf cGo zt{;DaGwL ljifodf,-v_ pGd'lQm / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ljifodf,-u_ sNof0fsf/L sf]if ;~rfng ;DaGwL ljifodf,-3_ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg, txlssft, cleo'QmnfO{ lx/f;tdf /fVg] / d'2f bfo/ ;DaGwLljifodf,-ª_ ;}lgs cbfntsf] u7g, lj36g, :yug, rfn" ug]{, clwsf/ If]q, sfo{ljlw, d'2f;b/ ug]{ / bf]xf]¥ofpg], 7x/ jf ;hfo sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL ljifodf,-r_ /0fe"ld ;hfosf] lsl;d lgwf{/0f ;DaGwL ljifodf,-5_ sf]6{ ckm OGSjfo/Lsf] u7g, sfo{ljlw, To:tf] sf]6{n] zky u/fpg] tl/sf / ;fIfLk|df0fsf] clen]v ;DaGwL ljifodf,-h_ cfl>t JolQmnfO{ ;xfotfsf] aGbf]j:t / To;sf] sfof{Gjg ;DaGwL ljifodf,-em_ j]sDdf jf j]rNtLsf] ;fdfgx¿ ldGxf / /2L ;DaGwL ljifodf,-`_ eu'jfsf] tna, eQf / c? /sdsf] Joj:yf ;DaGwL ljifodf,-6_ ;}lgs sf/fuf/x¿sf] k|zf;g, /]vb]v, Joj:yfkg / sf/fuf/ clws[tsf] ;]jfsfzt{ ;DaGwL ljifodf,-7_ s}bLx¿sf] ;'/Iff, cg'zf;g, ljz]if kl/>d, pgLx¿nfO{ sfddf nufpg], s;"/afkt ;hfo / ;hfo dfkmL ;DaGwL ljifodf,-8_ xftxltof/, v/vhfgf tyf cGo ;}Go ;/ ;fdu|Lsf] c/g, v6g k6g, x:t]jf/Llbg], ldGxf / /2L ;DaGwL ljifodf,52


-9_ OG6]lnh]G; sfddf vr{ ePsf] /sd, l/elNeª km08af6 vr{ ePsf] /sd tyfe}kl/ cfpg] sfdsf] nflu ePsf] vr{ /sd ldGxf ;DaGwL ljifodf,-0f_ dgf]/~hg cg'bfg ;DaGwL ljifodf,-t_ eu"jf pk/ sf/afxL ;DaGwL ljifodf,-y_ ;}lgs c:ktfnsf] Joj:yf ;DaGwL ljifodf,-b_ ;}lgs rGbf / k'/:sf/ ;DaGwL ljifodf,-w_ k|f8 ljjfs lgo'lQm ;DaGwL ljifodf,-g_ xjfO{ kl/jxg tyf ljdfg ;+ef/ ;d"x ;DaGwL ljifodf,-k_ Kof/f;"6 kmf]N8/ dlxnf ;DaGwL ljifodf,-km_ /Iff cfly{s sfo{ljlw tyf b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf ;DaGwL ljifodf,-a_ pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f / cGo ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ljifodf,-e_ cNk ;]jf ;DaGwL ljifodf,-d_ ;}lgs pkrfl/sf ;DaGwL ljifodf,-o_ n]vf ;d"x ;DaGwL ljifodf,-/_ ;}lgs k|x/L ;DaGwL ljifodf,-n_ ;}lgs k|fljlw1 ;DaGwL ljifodf,-j_ e"tk"j{ ;}lgs lgo'lQm ;DaGwL ljifodf .!$$= vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ b]xfosf P]gx¿ vf/]h ul/Psf5g\ M–-s_ ;]gf ;DaGwL clVtof/ ;'Dkg] P]g, @)!%-v_ ;}lgs P]g, @)!^-u_ k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf ;]jf zt{ P]g, @)@^-@_ of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt g]kfnL ;]gfdf axfn /x]sf ;a} bhf{sf JolQm o; P]gadf]lhd g]kfnL ;]gfsf] tt\ tt\ kb tyf bhf{df sfod /x]sf] dflgg]5 / lghx¿ ;]gf;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] cjlw;Dd cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5g .-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf P]g adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/afxL o;} P]g adf]lhd ePu/]sf] dflgg]5 .!$%= ?kfGt/ M k|rlnt sfg"gdf k|of]u ePsf b]xfosf zAbx¿sf] ;§f b]xfosf zAbx¿ /fvL ?kfGt/ul/Psf]5 M–-s_ æzfxL g]kfnL ;]gfÆ sf] ;§f æg]kfnL ;]gfÆ-v_ æ>L % sf] ;z:q ;]gfÆ sf] ;§f æg]kfnL ;]gfÆ53


cg';"rL–!-bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;+u ;DalGwt_;]gfdf /xg] kbx?-s_ dxf/yL-v_ /yL-u_ pk/yL-3_ ;xfos /yL-ª_ dxf;]gfgL-r_ k|d'v ;]gfgL-5_ ;]gfgL-h_ ;x;]gfgL-em_ pk;]gfgL-`_-6_-7_-8_-9_-0f_-t_-y_-b_;xfos ;]gfgLk|d'v ;'j]bf/;'j]bf/hdbf/x'2fcdNbf/Ko"7l;kfxLkmnf]c;{cg';"rL–@-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_ / bkmf !^ ;+u ;DalGwt_zkysf] 9fFrfd============== ===================== ============= O{Zj/sf] gfddf zky lnG5' ÷ ;To lgi7fk"j{s k|lt1fub{5' ls g]kfnsf] /fhsLo ;Qf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf dfq lglxt /xg' kg]{ egLhgtfåf/f hgcfGbf]ng dfkm{t cleJoQm efjgfnfO{ pRr ;Ddfg ub}{ g]kfn /fHosf] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg k|ltlglw ;efn] g} k|of]u ug]{ u/L k|ltlglw ;efaf6 @)^# h]7 $ ut] kfl/tk|ltlglw ;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @)^# k|lt k"0f{ jkmfbf/ /xL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] === === === kbsf] sfd sfhk|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL, s;}sf] 8/ gdfgL, kIfkft gu/L, s;}k|lt k"jf{u|x jf v/fa efjgfglnO{, OdfGbf/L;fy ug]{5' / cfkmgf] st{Jo kfngfsf] l;nl;nfdf cfk"mnfO{ hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] s'/fd kbdf axfn /x+bf jf g/x+bf h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kfngf ubf{ afx]s c?cj:yfdf s'g} lsl;daf6 klg k|s6 jf ;+s]t ug]{ 5}g .gfd M === === === === === === ==ldlt === === === === === === ;xL === === === === === ===54


cg';"rL–#-bkmf !& sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;+u ;DalGwt_g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{/t JolQmx?sf] pd]/sf] xb;fwf/0ftk{m M-s_ dxf/yL ^! jif{-v_ /yL %* jif{-u_ pk/yL %& jif{-3_ ;xfos /yL %^ jif{-ª_ dxf;]gfgL %^ jif{-r_ k|d'v ;]gfgL %$ jif{-5_ ;]gfgL %# jif{-h_ ;x;]gfgL %@ jif{-em_ pk;]gfgL %! jif{-`_ ;xfos ;]gfgL %) jif{k|fljlwstk{m M-s_ pk/yL %* jif{-v_ ;xfos /yL %* jif{-u_ dxf;]gfgL %& jif{-3_ k|d'v ;]gfgL %^ jif{-ª_ ;xfos ;]gfgLb]lv ;]gfgL;Dd %% jif{cg';"rL–$-bkmf !& sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;+u ;DalGwt_g]kfnL ;]gfsf clws[tx?sf] kbfjlw;fwf/0ftk{m M-s_ /yL @ jif{-v_ pk/yL # jif{-u_ ;xfos /yL $ jif{-3_ dxf;]gfgL % jif{-ª_ k|d'v ;]gfgL % jif{-r_ ;]gfgL -clws[t ;]jfsf] s'n cjlw_ @) jif{k|fljlwstk{m M55


-s_ pk/yL # jif{-v_ ;xfos /yL $ jif{-u_ dxf;]gfgL % jif{-3_ k|d'v ;]gfgL % jif{56


cg';"rL–%-bkmf !& sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;+u ;DalGwt_g]kfnL ;]gfsf clws[tx?sf] yk x'g;Sg] kbfjlw;fwf/0f tk{m M-s_ /yL Ps jif{sf] Ps cjlw-v_ pk/yL b'O{ jif{sf] Ps cjlw-u_ ;xfos /yL tLg jif{sf] Ps cjlw-3_ dxf;]gfgL b'O{ jif{sf] Ps cjlw-ª_ k|d'v ;]gfgL tLg jif{sf] Ps cjlw-r_ ;]gfgL Ps k6sdf kfFr jif{sf]Ps cjlw / csf]{ k6stLg jif{sf] cjlw u/LhDdf cf7 jif{ .k|fljlwstk{m M-s_ pk/yL b'O{ jif{sf] Ps cjlw-v_ ;xfos /yL tLg jif{sf] Ps cjlw-u_ dxf;]gfgL / k|d'v;]gfgLtLgjif{sf] Ps cjlwb|i6Jo M k|yd kbfjlwaf6 cjsf; x'g] k|d'v ;]gfgLnfO{ ;]jf cjlw yk u/L lgj[Qe/0flbO{g]5 .57

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