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TOLL Autumn 04 FINAL - TOLL Group

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– with the Toll <strong>Group</strong> Tax Team<br />

phases relate to determining how the software is to<br />

be used and may relate to initial scoping such as<br />

business process re-engineering and mapping. On<br />

the basis that at this stage there is no acquisition or<br />

development of software at this initial stage, costs<br />

incurred would generally be on revenue account<br />

and deductible immediately because they are<br />

incurred earlier than the actual build / implementation<br />

and do not entail the creation of software.<br />

■ Off the shelf software purchase, in-house building<br />

software development and testing phases. These<br />

costs are depreciable on a 40% straight line basis<br />

over 2.5 years. In some instances, the costs of<br />

testing may be immediately deductible where there<br />

is no modification to the source code of software or<br />

the creation of new functionality.<br />

■ Implementation phase. Once the software system<br />

is built and tested, the system is implemented in the<br />

relevant business unit for operation. These costs<br />

are generally depreciable on a 40% straight line<br />

basis over 2.5 years. These costs may include<br />

training, change management, business process<br />

re-engineering, human resource costs and data<br />

conversion costs.<br />

Treatment of in-house employee<br />

costs in developing software<br />

Employees’ remuneration (salaries, wages, bonuses,<br />

superannuation and fringe benefits tax) and oncosts<br />

(payroll tax, Workcover, travel expenses and office<br />

overheads) are immediately deductible on revenue<br />

account in all cases where they are permanent<br />

employees and they were not recruited specifically to<br />

perform software development with no ongoing<br />

tenure once the development is complete.<br />

External contractors and consultants’ costs are on<br />

capital account and, for tax purposes, must be<br />

capitalised and depreciated on a 40% straight line<br />

basis over 2.5 years.<br />

Software development pools<br />

Software development costs that are capital in nature<br />

can be allocated to software development pools<br />

(treats all costs for a financial year on a ‘one in all in’<br />

basis). Regardless of whether costs are allocated to a<br />

pool or not, they are depreciable on a 40% straight<br />

line basis over 2.5 years.<br />

The only difference between pooled and non-pooled<br />

costs is when depreciation can commence. For<br />

pooled costs, depreciation commences at the start of<br />

the next financial year, regardless of whether the<br />

software is installed and ready for use by then.<br />

For non-pooled costs, tax depreciation commences<br />

when the software is installed and ready for use.<br />

Therefore, there may be timing advantages in<br />

electing to pool software expenditure, ie in bringing<br />

forward the timing of the tax depreciation<br />

deduction before the software is operational or installed<br />

ready for use.<br />

Annual software license fees<br />

paid to third parties<br />

Are immediately deductible as they are incurred on<br />

revenue account.<br />

Withholding tax – payment of<br />

license fees offshore for access<br />

to source code<br />

Payments of license fees to a licensor for the right<br />

to use software (whether immediately deductible or<br />

not) will ordinarily constitute the payment of a royalty<br />

for tax purposes. Accordingly, if the payee is a<br />

non-resident (eg a US or European software<br />

developer), and Toll is paying for the right to access<br />

source code, then the payments are likely to be<br />

subject to Royalty Withholding Tax* (RWT) which<br />

means Toll would be required to deduct and remit<br />

RWT to the ATO (* generally 10% of the gross<br />

payment for dealings with most OECD countries).<br />

Toll Central – Tax Site (Under the<br />

Finance home page)<br />

We continue to populate our evolving Toll Taxation<br />

intranet site with useful and practical tax material<br />

and developments, including the Toll Tax Policy<br />

& Procedures Manual and training material. The<br />

tax policy manual also includes (at page 42)<br />

a more elaborate analysis of the taxation treatment<br />

of software expenditure, including hardware costs.<br />

We recommend the taxation site be regularly visited<br />

by all Toll personnel involved in managing each<br />

business units’ tax compliance activities.<br />

The site link is:<br />

http://intranet/HomeLink/Finance/Taxation/index.jsp<br />

New Corporate Appointments<br />

Teree Bradley<br />

joins Toll as<br />

Assistant Property<br />

Manager Toll Property.<br />

13<br />

T OLL CORPORATE

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