Chapter 1 Routine maintenance and servicing

1595Ford Fiesta Remake1•22 Every 30 000 miles or three yearsthe corrosion which would otherwise occuras the corrosion inhibitors become progressivelyless effective. Always use an ethyleneglycol-based antifreeze which is suitable foruse in mixed-metal cooling systems.20 If the antifreeze used is to Ford’sspecification, the levels of protection it affordsare indicated in the Specifications Section ofthis Chapter. To give the recommendedstandard mixture ratio for this antifreeze, 40%(by volume) of antifreeze must be mixed with60% of clean, soft water; if you are using anyother type of antifreeze, follow itsmanufacturer’s instructions to achieve thecorrect ratio. It is best to make up slightlymore than the system’s specified capacity, sothat a supply is available for subsequenttopping-up.21 Before adding antifreeze, the coolingsystem should be completely drained,preferably flushed, and all hoses checked forcondition and security. As noted earlier, freshantifreeze will rapidly find any weaknesses inthe system.22 After filling with antifreeze, a label shouldbe attached to the expansion tank, stating thetype and concentration of antifreeze used,and the date installed. Any subsequenttopping-up should be made with the sametype and concentration of antifreeze. Iftopping-up using antifreeze to Ford’sspecification, note that a 50/50 mixture ispermissible, purely for convenience.23 Do not use engine antifreeze in thewindscreen/tailgate washer system, as it willdamage the vehicle’s paintwork. Ascreenwash additive should be added to thewasher system in its maker’s recommendedquantities.Antifreeze - notes on renewal24 Ford state that, where antifreeze to Fordspecification ESD-M97B-49-A is used, it willlast the lifetime of the vehicle. This is subjectto it being used in the recommendedconcentration, unmixed with any other type ofantifreeze or additive, and topped-up whennecessary using only that antifreeze mixed50/50 with clean water. If any other type ofantifreeze is added, the lifetime guarantee nolonger applies; to restore the lifetimeprotection, the system must be drained andthoroughly reverse-flushed before freshcoolant mixture is poured in.25 If the vehicle’s history (and therefore thequality of the antifreeze in it) is unknown,owners who wish to follow Ford’srecommendations are advised to drain andthoroughly reverse-flush the system beforerefilling with fresh coolant mixture. If theappropriate quality of antifreeze is used, thecoolant can then be left for the life of thevehicle.26 If any antifreeze other than Ford’s is to beused, the coolant must be renewed at regularintervals to provide an equivalent degree ofprotection; the conventional recommendationis to renew the coolant every two or threeyears.27 The above assumes the use of a mixture(in exactly the specified concentration) ofclean, soft water and of antifreeze to Ford’sspecification or equivalent. It is also assumedthat the cooling system is maintained in ascrupulously-clean condition, by ensuring thatonly clean coolant is added on topping-up,and by thorough reverse-flushing wheneverthe coolant is drained.General cooling system checks28 The engine should be cold for the coolingsystem checks, so perform the followingprocedure before driving the vehicle, orafter it has been shut off for at least threehours.29 Remove the expansion tank filler cap, andclean it thoroughly inside and out with a rag.Also clean the filler neck on the expansiontank. The presence of rust or corrosion in thefiller neck indicates that the coolant should bechanged. The coolant inside the expansiontank should be relatively clean andtransparent. If it is rust-coloured, drain andflush the system, and refill with a fresh coolantmixture.30 Carefully check the radiator hoses andheater hoses along their entire length; renewany hose which is cracked, swollen ordeteriorated (see Section 5).31 Inspect all other cooling systemcomponents (joint faces, etc.) for leaks. A leakin the cooling system will usually show up aswhite- or rust-coloured deposits on the areaadjoining the leak. Where any problems of thisnature are found on system components,renew the component or gasket withreference to Chapter 3.32 Clean the front of the radiator with a softbrush to remove all insects, leaves, etc,embedded in the radiator fins. Be careful notto damage the radiator fins, or cut your fingerson them.24 Air cleaner element renewal11 The air cleaner filter element is located inthe air cleaner assembly mounted either ontop of the carburettor or CFi unit, or on theleft-hand or right-hand side of the enginecompartment at the front. Remove the aircleaner lid as follows according to type.Carburettor and CFi fuelinjection models2 Undo the two or three retaining screws onthe top of the air cleaner lid (see illustration).3 Release the clips, and lift off the air cleanercover (see illustration).EFi fuel injection models4 If the idle speed control valve ismounted on the air cleaner, disconnect themulti-plug and the air bypass hose from thevalve.5 Disconnect the flexible hose between theair cleaner lid and the air inlet duct orturbocharger air intake.6 Release the retaining clips and lift off the aircleaner lid (see illustration).24.2 On carburettor and CFi fuel injectionengines, undo the air cleaner lid retainingscrews . . .24.3 . . . then spring back the clips and liftof the lid24.6 On EFi fuel injection engines, releasethe retaining clips and lift off the aircleaner lid