Nyanatiloka Buddhist Dictionary

arising. Therefore the ancient masters have said:'No doer of the deeds is found,No one who ever reaps their fruits;Empty phenomena roll on:This view alone is right and true.'And whilst the deeds and their resultsRoll on, based on conditions all,There no beginning can be seen,Just as it is with seed and tree.' " (Vis.M. XIX)Karma (kamma-paccaya) is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.) (App.: Kamma).Literature: Karma and Rebirth, by Nyanatiloka (WHEEL 9); Survival and Karma in BuddhistPerspective, by K.N. Jayatilleke (WHEEL 141/143); Kamma and its Fruit (WHEEL 221/224).karma-accumulation: áyúhana (q.v.).karma-formations: sankhára, i.e. wholesome or unwholesome volitions (cetaná) manifested as actions ofbody, speech or mind, form the 2nd link of the formula of dependent origination (paticca-samuppáda, q.v.).karma-process: s. bhava, paticcasamuppáda.karma-produced corporeality: s. samutthána.karma-result: vipáka (q.v.).karma-round: kamma vatta (s. vatta).karmically acquired corporeality: upádinnarúpa (q.v.).karmically wholesome, unwholesome, neutral: kusala (q.v.), akusala (q.v.) avyákata (q.v.); cf. Tab. I.. .karuná: 'compassion', is one of the 4 sublime abodes (brahma-vihára, q.v.).kasina: (perhaps related to Sanskrit krtsna, 'all, complete, whole'), is the name for a purely external device toproduce and develop concentration of mind and attain the 4 absorptions (jhána q.v.). It consists inconcentrating one's full and undivided attention on one visible object as preparatory image(parikamma-nimitta), e.g. a colored spot or disc, or a piece of earth, or a pond at some distance, etc., until atlast one perceives, even with the eyes closed, a mental reflex, the acquired image (uggaha-nimitta). Now,while continuing to direct one's attention to this image, there may arise the spotless and immovablecounter-image (patibhága-nimitta), and together with it the neighbourhood-concentration (upacára-samádhi)will have been reached. While still persevering in the concentration on the object, one finally will reach astate of mind where all sense-activity is suspended, where there is no more seeing and hearing, no moreperception of bodily impression and feeling, i.e. the state of the 1st mental absorption (jhána, q.v.).The 10 kasinas mentioned in the Suttas are: earth-kasina, water, fire, wind, blue, yellow, red, white, space,and consciousness. "There are 10 kasina-spheres: someone sees the earth kasina, above, below, on all sides,undivided, unbounded .... someone see the water-kasina, above, below, etc." (M. 77; D. 33) Cf.abhibháyatan, bhávaná; further s. Fund. IV.For space and consciousness-kasina we find in Vis.M. V the names limited space-kasina(paricchinnákása-kasina; . . . s. App. ) and light-kasina (áloka-kasina).For full description see Vis.M. IV-V; also Atthasálini Tr. I, 248.