Nyanatiloka Buddhist Dictionary

dosa: 'hatred', anger, is one of the 3 unwholesome, roots (múla, q.v.). - d. citta: hate consciousness; s. Tab. I(30, 31).dosa-carita: 'angry-or hate-natured'; s. carita.doubt, skeptical: vicikicchá (q.v.), kankhá (q.v.).dread, moral: ottappa s. hiri-ottappa.drinking: On the evil effects of drinking intoxicants, s. surámeraya, etc.dry-visioned: s. sukkha-vipassaka.duccarita: 'evil conduct', is threefold: in deeds, words and thoughts. See kammapatha (I).duggati: 'woeful course' (of existence); s. gati.dukkha: (1) 'pain', painful feeling, which may be bodily and mental (s. vedaná).(2) 'Suffering', 'ill'. As the first of the Four Noble Truths (s. sacca) and the second of the three characteristicsof existence (s. ti-lakkhana), the term dukkha is not limited to painful experience as under (1), but refers tothe unsatisfactory nature and the general insecurity of all conditioned phenomena which, on account of theirimpermanence, are all liable to suffering, and this includes also pleasurable experience. Hence'unsatisfactoriness' or 'liability to suffering' would be more adequate renderings, if not for stylistic reasons.Hence the first truth does not deny the existence of pleasurable experience, as is sometimes wronglyassumed. This is illustrated by the following texts:"Seeking satisfaction in the world, monks, I had pursued my way. That satisfaction in the world I found. In sofar as satisfaction existed in the world, I have well perceived it by wisdom. Seeking for misery in the world,monks, I had pursued my way. That misery in the world I found. In so far as misery existed in the world, Ihave well perceived it by wisdom. Seeking for the escape from the world, monks, I had pursued my way.That escape from the world I found. In so far as an escape from the world existed, I have well perceived it bywisdom" (A. 111, 101)."If there were no satisfaction to be found in the world, beings would not be attached to the world .... If therewere no misery to be found in the world, beings would not be repelled by the world .... If there were noescape from the world, beings could not escape therefrom" (A. 111, 102).See dukkhatá. For texts on the Truth of Suffering, see W. of B. and 'Path'.See The Three Basic Facts of Existence, II. Suffering (WHEEL 191/193).dukkhánupassaná: s. vipassaná.dukkhatá (abstr. noun fr. dukkha): 'the state of suffering', painfulness, unpleasantness, the unsatisfactorinessof existence. "There are three kinds of suffering: (1) suffering as pain (dukkha-dukkhatá), (2) the sufferinginherent in the formations (sankhára-dukkhatá), (3) the suffering in change (viparináma-dukkhatá)" (S.XLV, 165; D. 33).(1) is the bodily or mental feeling of pain as actual]y felt. (2) refers to the oppressive nature of all formationsof existence (i.e. all conditioned phenomena), due to their continual arising and passing away; this includesalso experiences associated with neutral feeling. (3) refers to bodily and mental pleasant feelings, "becausethey are the cause for the arising of pain when they change" (Vis.M. XIV, 34f).dukkha-patipadá: 'painful progress'; s. patipadá.dvi-hetuka-patisandhi: s. patisandhi.