Nyanatiloka Buddhist Dictionary

11. living in a cemetery: susánik'anga,12. being satisfied with whatever dwelling: yathá-santhatik'anga,13. sleeping in the sitting position (and never lying down): nesajjik'anga.These 13 exercises are all, without exception, mentioned in the old sutta texts (e.g. M. 5, 113; A.V., 181-90),but never together in one and the same place."Without doubt, o monks, it is a great advantage to live in the forest as a hermit, to collect one's alms, tomake one's robes from picked-up rags, to be satisfied with three robes" (A.I, 30).The vow, e.g. of No. 1, is taken in the words: "I reject robes offered to me by householders," or "I take uponmyself the vow of wearing only robes made from picked-up rags." Some of the exercises may also beobserved by the lay-adherent.Here it may be mentioned that each newly ordained monk, immediately after his being admitted to the Order,is advised to be satisfied with whatever robes, alms-food, dwelling and medicine he gets: "The life of themonks depends on the collected alms as food ... on the root of a tree as dwelling ... on robes made frompatched-up rags ... on stale cow's urine as medicine. May you train yourself therein all your life."Since the moral quality of any action depends entirely upon the accompanying intention and volition, this isalso the case with these ascetic practices, as is expressly stated in Vis.M. Thus the mere external performanceis not the real exercise, as it is said (Pug. 275-84): "Some one might be going for alms; etc. out of stupidityand foolishness - or with evil intention and filled with desires - or out of insanity and mental derangement -or because such practice had been praised by the Noble Ones...." These exercises are, however properlyobserved "if they are taken up only for the sake of frugality, of contentedness, of purity, etc."(App.)On dhutanga practice in modern Thailand, see With Robes and Bowl, by Bhikkhu Khantipalo(WHEEL 82/83).dibba-cakkhu: the 'divine eye', is one of the 6 higher powers (abhiññá, q.v.), and one of the three kinds ofknowledge (tevijjá, q.v.).dibba-loka: heavenly world; s. deva.dibba-sota: the 'divine ear', is one of the 6 higher powers (abhiññá, q.v.).dibba-vihára: s. vihára.disappearance: vigata-paccaya, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.) . disciplinary code: s.pátimokkha.discursive thinking: vicára; s. vitakka-vicára.disease: one of the 'divine messengers' (deva-dúta, q.v.).disinterestedness: (regarding the whole world): s. sabbaloke anabhirati-saññá.dispensation: s. sásana.dissociation: vippayutta-paccaya, is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.) .dissolution, contemplation of: khayánupassaná, is one of the 18 chief kinds of insight (vipassaná, q.v.).dittha-dhamma-vedaníya-kamma: karma bearing fruit in this present life; s. karma.ditthi (lit. 'sight'; Ö dis, to see): view, belief, speculative opinion, insight. If not qualified by sammá, 'right', itmostly refers to wrong and evil view or opinion, and only in a few instances to right view, understanding or