Nyanatiloka Buddhist Dictionary

the 7 factors of enlightenment (bojjhanga, q.v.),the Noble 8-fold Path (s. magga).In M. 77 all the 37 bodhipakkhiya-dhammá are enumerated and explained though not called by that name. Adetailed explanation of them is given in Vis.M. XXII. In S.XLVII, 51, 67, only the five spiritual faculties(indriya) are called bodhipakkhiya-dhammá; and in the Jhána Vibhanga, only the 7 factors of enlightenment(bojjhanga).See The Requisites of Enlightenment, by Ledi Sayadaw (WHEEL 169/172).Bodhisatta: 'Enlightenment Being', is a being destined to Buddhahood, a future Buddha. According to thetraditional belief a Bodhisatta, before reaching his last birth as a Buddha on this earth, is living in theTusita-heaven (s. deva), the heaven of bliss. Cf. A. IV, 127; VIII, 70.In the Páli Canon and commentaries, the designation 'Bodhisatta' is given only to Prince Siddhattha beforehis enlightenment and to his former existences. The Buddha himself uses this term when speaking of his lifeprior to enlightenment (e.g. M. 4, M. 26). Bodhisattahood is neither mentioned nor recommended as an idealhigher than or alternative to Arahatship; nor is there any record in the Páli scriptures of a disciple declaring itas his aspiration. - See bodhi.bodily action (wholesome or unwholesome); s. karma, karma formations - Right b.a. = sammá-kammanta; s.magga.bodily postures, the 4: iriyá-patha (q.v.)body: káya (q.v.) Contemplation on the b. is one of the 4 satipatthána (q.v.).body-witness: káya-sakkhi (q.v.).bojjhanga: 'the 7 factors of enlightenment', are: mindfulness (sati-sambojjhanga; s. sati), investigation ofthe law (dhamma-vicaya-sambojjhanga), energy (viriya-sambojjhanga; s. viriya, padhána), rapture(píti-sambojjhanga, q.v.) tranquillity (passaddhi-sambojjhanga, q.v.), concentration (samádhi-sambojjhanga,q.v.), equanimity (upekkhá, q.v.). "Because they lead to enlightenment, therefore they are called factors ofenlightenment" (S. XLVI, 5).Though in the 2nd factor, dhamma-vicaya, the word dhamma is taken by most translators to stand for theBuddhist doctrine, it probably refers to the bodily and mental phenomena (náma-rúpa-dhammá) as presentedto the investigating mind by mindfulness, the 1st factor. With that interpretation, the term may be rendered by'investigation of phenomena'.In A.X. 102, the 7 factors are said to be the means of attaining the threefold wisdom (s. tevijjá).They may be attained by means of the 4 foundations of mindfulness (satipatthána, q.v.), as it is said in S.XLVI, 1 and explained in M. 118:(1) "Whenever, o monks, the monk dwells contemplating the body (káya), feeling (vedaná),mind (citta) and mind-objects (dhammá), strenuous, clearly-conscious, mindful, after subduingworldly greed and grief, at such a time his mindfulness is present and undisturbed; and wheneverhis mindfulness is present and undisturbed, at such a time he has gained and is developing thefactor of enlightenment 'mindfulness' (sati-sambojjhanga), and thus this factor of enlightenmentreaches fullest perfection.(2) "Whenever, while dwelling with mindfulness, he wisely investigates, examines and thinksover the law ... at such a time he has gained and is developing the factor of enlightenment'investigation of the law' (dhamma-vicaya°) ....(3) "Whenever, while wisely investigating his energy is firm and unshaken ... at such a time he