Nyanatiloka Buddhist Dictionary

with tranquillity, considers all formations as painful (dukkha), such a one attains the desirelessliberation. 3. Whosoever being filled with wisdom, considers all formations as without a self(anattá), such a one attains the emptiness liberation" (Vis.M. XXI, 70 = Pts.M. II, p. 58).(1) and (2) are mentioned and explained in M. 43, under the name of deliverances of mind (ceto-vimutti,q.v.). - (2) and (3) appear in Dhs. (344ff, 353ff) in the section on supermundane consciousness (seeAtthasálini Tr., p. 299ff).II. The 8 liberations (attha vimokkha) occur frequently in the texts (A. VIII, 66; D. 16, etc.) and are describedas follows:"There are 8 liberations, o monks. Which are these?(1) ''Whilst remaining in the fine-material sphere (rúpí), one perceives corporeal forms: this isthe first liberation.(2) "Not perceiving corporcal forms on one's own person, one perceives corporcal formsexternally: this is the 2nd liberation.(3) ''By thinking of the beautiful, one is filled with confidence: this is the 3rd liberation.(4) "Through the total ovcrcoming of the corporeality-perceptions, the vanishing of thereflex-perceptions, and the non-attention to the multiformity-perceptions, with the idea'Unbounded is space', one reaches the sphere of unbounded space (ákásánañcáyatana) andabides therein: this is the 4th liberation.(5) "Through the total ovcrcoming of the sphere of unbounded space, and with the idea'Unbounded is consciousness', one reaches the sphere of unbounded consciousness(viññánañcáyatana) and abides therein: this is the 5th liberation.(6) "Through the total overcoming of the sphere of unbounded consciousness, and with the idea'Nothing is there', one reaches the sphere of nothingness (ákiñeaññáyatana) and abides therein:this is the 6th liberation.(7) "Through the total overcoming of the sphere of nothingness, one reaches the sphere ofneither-perception-nor-non-perception (n'eva-saññá-násaññáyatana) and abides therein: this isthe 7th liberation .(8) "Through the total overcoming of the sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, onereaches the extinction of perception and feeling (s. nirodha-samápatti): this is the 8th liberation.These, o monks, are the 8 kinds of liberation."For (1-3), s. abhibháyatana; for (4-7), s. jhána; for (8), s. nirodha-samápatti.By (3) is meant the attainment of the fine-material absorptions (jhána, q.v.) by means of concentrating themind on perfectly pure and bright colours as objects of the kasina (q.v.). According to Pts.M. this mentalstate is produced also by concentrating the mind on the 4 sublime states, i.e. all-embracing kindness,compassion, sympathetic joy and equanimity, in consequence of which allbeings appear perfectly pure andglorified, and thus the mind turns to the beautiful.See Pts.M. II, Vimokkha-kathá; Atthasálini Tr., p. 255; App.vimutti: 'deliverance', is of 2 kinds: deliverance of mind (ceto-vimutti, q.v.) and deliverance through wisdom(paññá-vimutti, q.v.).'Deliverance of mind', in the highest sense, is that kind of concentration (samádhi) which is bound up with