Nyanatiloka Buddhist Dictionary

unprepared, unprompted: s. asankhárika-citta.unshakable deliverance: s. cetto-vimutti.unshakable one, the: akuppa-dhamma (q.v.).unthinkable things, the 4: acinteyya (q.v.).unwholesome, karmically: akusala (q.v.).upacára: 'moment of access'; s. javana.upacára-samádhi: 'neighbourhood or access-concentrationn', is the degree of concentration just beforeentering any of the absorptions, or jhánas. It still belongs to the sensuous sphere (kámávacara; s. avacara).upacaya, rúpassa: 'growth of corporeality'; s. khandha I; App.upacchedaka-kamma: 'destructive karma'; s. karma.upádána: 'clinging', according to Vis.M. XVII, is an intensified degree of craving (tanhá, q.v.). The 4 kindsof clinging are: sensuous clinging (kámupádána), clinging to views (ditthupádána), clinging to mere rulesand ritual (sílabbatupádána), clinging to the personaljty-belief (atta-vádupádána).(1) "What now is the sensuous clinging? Whatever with regard to sensuous objects there existsof sensuous lust, sensuous desire, sensuous attachment, sensuous passion, sensuous deludedness,sensuous fetters: this is called sensuous clinging.(2) ''What is the clinging to views? 'Alms and offerings are useless; there is no fruit and result forgood and bad deeds: all such view and wrong conceptions are called the clinging to views.(3) "What is the clinging to mere rules and ritual? The holding firmly to the view that throughmere rules and ritual one may reach purification: this is called the clinging to mere rules andritual.(4) "What is the clinging to the personality-belief? The 20 kinds of ego-views with regard to thegroups of existence (s. sakkáya-ditthi): these are called the clinging to the personality-belief"(Dhs. 1214-17).This traditional fourfold division of clinging is not quite satisfactory. Besides kamupádána we should expecteither rúpupádána and arúpupádána, or simply bhavupádána. Though the Anágámí is entirely free from thetraditional 4 kinds of upádána, he is not freed from rebirth, as he still possesses bhavupádána. The Com. toVis.M. XVII, in trying to get out of this dilemma, explains kámupádána as including here all the remainingkinds of clinging."Clinging' is the common rendering for u., though 'grasping' would come closer to the literal meaning of it,which is 'uptake'; s. Three Cardinal Discourses (WHEEL 17), p.19.upádána-kkhandha: the 5 'groups of clinging', or more clearly stated in accordance with Vis.M., 'the 5groups of existence which form the objects of clinging'. Cf. M. 44, and see khandha.upádá-rúpa: 'derived corporeality', signifies the 24 secondary corporeal phenomena dependent on the 4primary physical elements, i.e. the sense-organs and sense-objects, etc. See khandha I; App.upadhi: 'substratum of existence'. In the Com. there are enumerated 4 kinds: the 5 groups (khandha, q.v.),sensuous desire (káma), mental defilements (kilesa, q.v.), karma (q.v.). In the suttas it occurs frequently inSn. (vv. 33, 364, 546, 728), and, with reference to Nibbána, in the phrase "the abandoning of all substrata"(sabbúpadhi-patinissagga; D. 14). See viveka (3).