Nyanatiloka Buddhist Dictionary

sahajáta-paccaya: 'co-nascence', is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).sahetuka-citta: s. hetu.sakadágámí: the 'Once-returner': s. ariya-puggala, A.sakka: the 'King of Gods' (devánam-inda), is the lord over the celestial beings in the heavenof the Thirty-Three' (távatimsa, s. deva).sakkáya: 'existing group'. 'this word is usually translated by 'personality', but according tothe commentaries it corresponds to sat-káya, 'existing group', hence not to Sanskritsva-káya, 'own group' or 'own body'. In the suttas (e.g. M. 44) it is said to be a name for the5 groups of existence (khandha): "Sakkáya, o Brother Visákha, is said by the Blessed One tobe a name for the 5 'groups as objects of clinging' (upádána-kkhandha), to wit: corporeality,feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness." - See foll.sakkáya-ditthi: 'personality-belief', is the first of the 10 fetters (samyojana). It is entirelyabandoned only on reaching the path of Stream-winning (sotápatti-magga; s. ariya-puggala).There are 20 kinds of personality-belief, which are obtained by applying 4 types of thatbelief to each of the 5 groups of existence (khandha, q.v.): (1-5) the belief to be identicalwith corporeality, feeling, perception, mental formations or consciousness; (6-10) to becontained in them; (11-15) to be independent of them; (16-20) to be the owner of them (M.44; S. XXII. 1). See prec., ditthi, upádána 4.saláyatana: the '6 bases' (of mental activity); s. áyatana, paticcasamuppáda.samádhi: 'concentration'; lit. 'the (mental) state of being firmly fixed' (sam+á+√ há), is thefixing of the mind on a single object. "One-pointedness of mind (cittass' ekaggatá), BrotherVisakha, this is called concentration" (M. 44). Concentration - though often very weak - is oneof the 7 mental concomitants inseparably associated with all consciousness. Cf. náma, cetaná.Right concentration (sammá-samádhi), as the last link of the 8-fold Path (s. magga), isdefined as the 4 meditative absorptions (jhána, q.v.). In a wider sense, comprising also muchweaker states of concentration, it is associated with all karmically wholesome (kusala)consciousness. Wrong concentration (micchá-samádhi) is concentration associated with allkarmically unwholesome (akusala, q.v.) consciousness. Wherever in the texts this term is notdifferentiated by 'right' or 'wrong', there 'right' concentration is meant .In concentration one distinguishes 3 grades of intensity:(1) 'Preparatory concentration' (parikamma-samádhi) existing at the beginning ofthe mental exercise.(2) 'Neighbourhood concentration' (upacára-samádhi), i.e. concentration'approaching' but not yet attaining the 1st absorption (jhána, q.v.), which in certainmental exercises is marked by the appearance of the so-called 'counter-image'(patibhága-nimitta).(3) 'Attainment concentration' (appaná-samádhi), i.e. that concentration which is