Nyanatiloka Buddhist Dictionary

pahána-pariññá; s. pariññá.pain, feeling of: s. vedaná.pakati-síla: 'natural or genuine morality', is distinct from those outward rules of conduct laid down for eitherlaymen or monks. Those later are the so-called 'prescribed morality' (paññáttisíla). Cf. síla.pakati-upanissaya: 'direct inducement'; s. paccaya.palibodha: 'obstacles', is the term for the following things if they obstruct the monk in the strict practice of asubject of meditation: a crowded monastery, travelling, relatives, association with lay folk, gifts, pupils,repairs in the monastery, sickness, study, magical power. The latter, however, may become an obstacle onlyin developing insight (vipassaná, q.v.). See Vis.M. III, 29ff. - (App.)pamsukúlik'anga: the 'vow to wear only robes made from picked-up rags', is one of the ascetic rules ofpurification; s. dhutanga.pánátipátá veramaní: 'abstaining from the killing of living beings', is the first of the 5 moral rules bindingupon all Buddhists; s. sikkhápada.pañcadvárávajjana: 'advertence to the 5-sense-doors'; s. viññána-kicca.pañca-síla: s. sikkhápada.pañca-vokára-bhava: 'five-group existence', is a name for existence in the sensuous sphere (kámávacara),or in the fine-material sphere (rúpávacara, s. avacara), since all the 5 groups of existence (khandha, q.v.) arefound there. In the immaterial sphere (arúpávacara, s. avacara), however, only the 4 mental groups arefound, and in the world of unconscious beings (asaññá-satta, q.v.) only the one corporeality group. Cfeka-vokára-bhava and catu-pañca-vokára-bhava; further s. avacara. - (App.: vokára).pañhá-byákarana: 'answering questions'. "There are, o monks, 4 ways of answering questions: there arequestions requiring a direct answer; questions requiring an explanation; questions to be answered bycounter-questions; questions to be rejected (as wrongly put)." See D. 33; A. III, 68; A. IV, 42.paññá: 'understanding, knowledge, wisdom, insight', comprises a very wide field. The specific Buddhistknowledge or wisdom, however, as part of the Noble Eightfold Path (magga, q.v.) to deliverance, is insight(vipassaná, q.v.), i.e. that intuitive knowledge which brings about the 4 stages of holiness and the realizationof Nibbána (s. ariyapuggala), and which consists in the penetration of the impermanency (anicca, q.v.),misery (dukkha, s. sacca) and impersonality (anattá) of all forms of existence. Further details, s. undertilakkhana.With regard to the condition of its arising one distinguishes 3 kinds of knowledge knowledge based onthinking (cintá-mayá-paññá), knowledge based on learning (suta-mayá-paññá), knowledge based on mentaldevelopment (bhávaná-mayá-paññá) (D. 33)." 'Based on thinking' is that knowledge which one has accquired through one's own thinking, without havinglearnt it from others. 'Based on learning' is that knowledge which one has heard from others and thusacquired through learning. 'Based on mental development' is that knowledge which one has acquired throughmental development in this or that way, and which has reached the stage of full concentration" (appaná, q.v.)(Vis.M. XIV).Wisdom is one of the 5 mental faculties (s. bala), one of the 3 kinds of training (sikkhá, q.v.), and one of theperfections (s. páramí) For further details, s. vipassaná, and the detailed exposition in Vis.M. XIV, 1-32.paññatti -síla: 'prescribed morality', is a name for the disciplinary rules of the monk or layman prescribed bythe Buddha, as distinguished from natural or genuine morality (pakati-síla; s. síla).