Nyanatiloka Buddhist Dictionary

10, 11.(22) Absence-condition (natthi-paccaya) refers to consciousness, etc., which has just passed, and which thusforms the necessary condition for the immediately following stage of consciousness by giving it anopportunity to arise. Cf. No. 4.(23) Disappearance-condition (vigata-paccaya) is identical with No. 22.(24) Non-disappearance-condition (avigata-paccaya) is identical with No. 21.These 24 conditions should be known thoroughly for a detailed understanding of that famous formula of thedependent origination (paticcasamuppáda, q.v.). Cf. Fund. III, Guide p. 117 ff. (App.) .See The Significance of Dependent Origination, by Nyanatiloka (WHEEL 140).paccaya-sannissita-síla: 'morality consisting in the wise use of the monk's requisities'; s. síla (4).pacceka-bodhi: 'independent enlightenment'; s. the foll. and bodhi.pacceka-buddha: an 'Independently Enlightened One'; or Separately or Individually (=pacceka) EnlightenedOne (renderings by 'Silent' or 'Private Buddha' are not very apt). This is a term for an Arahat (s.ariya-puggala) who has realized Nibbána without having heard the Buddha's doctrine from others. Hecomprehends the 4 Noble Truths individually (pacceka), independent of any teacher, by his own effort. Hehas, however, not the capacity to proclaim the Teaching effectively to others, and therefore does not becomea 'Teacher of Gods and Men', a Perfect or Universal Buddha (sammá-sambuddha). - Paccekabuddhas aredescribed as frugal of speech, cherishing solitude. According to tradition, they do not arise while theTeaching of a Perfect Buddha is known; but for achieving their rank after many aeons of effort, they have toutter an aspiration before a Perfect Buddha.Canonical references are few; Pug. 29 (defin.); A. II, 56; in M. 116, names of many Paccekabuddhas aregiven; in D. 16 they are said to be worthy of a thúpa (dagoba); the Treasure-Store Sutta (Nidhikhandha Sutta,Khp.) mentions pacceka-bodhi; the C. Nidd. ascribes to individual Paccekabuddhas the verses of theRhinoceros Sutta (Khaggavisána Sutta, Sn.) - See bodhi.See The Paccekabuddha, by Ria Kloppenborg (WHEEL 305/307).pacchájáta-paccaya: 'post-nascence-condition', is one of the 24 conditions (paccaya, q.v.).pádaka-jjhána: 'foundation-forming absorption', is an absorption used as a foundation, or starting point, forthe higher spiritual powers (abhiññá, q.v.), or for insight (vipassaná, q.v.), leading to the supermundanepaths (s. ariya-puggala). The foundation for the former is the 4th absorption; for insight, however, anyabsorption is suitable. For details, s. samatha-vipassaná. - (App.).pada-parama: 'one for whom the words are the utmost attainment'. "Whoever, though having learned much,speaking much, knowing many things by heart, and discoursing much, has not penetrated the truth, such aman is called by that name" (Pug. 163).padhána: 'effort.' The 4 right efforts (samma-padhána), forming the 6th stage of the 8-fold Path (i.e.sammá-váyáma, s. magga) are: (1) the effort to avoid (samvara-padhána), (2) to overcome(pahána-padhána), (3) to develop (bhávaná-padhána), (4) to maintain (anurakkhana-padhána), i.e. (1) theeffort to avoid unwholesome (akusala) states, such as evil thoughts, etc. (2) to overcome unwholesomestates, (3) to develop wholesome (kusala) states, such as the 7 elements of enlightenment (bojjhanga, q.v.),(4) to maintain the wholesome states."The monk rouses his will to avoid the arising of evil, unwholesome things not yet arisen ... to overcomethem ... to develop wholesome things not yet arisen ... to maintain them, and not to let them disappear, but tobring them to growth, to maturity and to the full perfection of development. And he makes effort, stirs up his