Fire Detection Algorithms Using Multimodal ... - Bilkent University

LIST OF FIGURESxiv2.6 Three-state Markov models for a) flame and b) non-flame movingflame-colored pixels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.7 (a) A child with a fire-colored t-shirt, and b) the absolute sum ofspatial wavelet transform coefficients, |I lh (k, l)|+|I hl (k, l)|+|I hh (k, l)|,of the region bounded by the indicated rectangle. . . . . . . . . . 262.8 (a) Fire, and (b) the absolute sum of spatial wavelet transformcoefficients, |I lh (k, l)|+|I hl (k, l)|+|I hh (k, l)|, of the region boundedby the indicated rectangle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.9 (a) With the method using color and temporal variation only(Method-2.2) [64], false alarms are issued for the fire colored lineon the moving truck and the ground, (b) our method (Method-2.1)does not produce any false alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.10 Sample images (a) and (b) are from Movies 7 and 9, respectively.(c) False alarms are issued for the arm of the man with the methodusing color and temporal variation only (Method-2.2) [64] and (d)on the fire-colored parking car. Our method does not give any falsealarms in such cases (see Table 2.2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.11 Sample images (a) and (b) are from Movies 2 and 4, respectively.Flames are successfully detected with our method (Method-2.1) in(c) and (d). In (c), although flames are partially occluded by thefence, a fire alarm is issued successfully. Fire pixels are painted inbright green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.1 Two relatively bright moving objects in FLIR video: a) fire image,and b) a man (pointed with an arrow). Moving objects aredetermined by the hybrid background subtraction algorithm of [19]. 393.2 Equally spaced 64 contour points of the a) walking man, and b)the fire regions shown in Fig. 3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40