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206 FOR J=0TO 2:S$=MID$(R$,J*8+2,8)210N=0:P=128215 FOR K=1 TO 8:D$=MID$(S$,K,1]220 IF D$="*" THEN N=N+P225 P=P/2:NEXT K230 POKE B*64+L,N:L=L+1280 NEXT J.I:PRINT"clr"299 RETURNqpjn RFM301 DATA ! *302 DATA ! *303 DATA ! *304 DATA ! *305 DATA ! *306 DATA ! *307 DATA ! *308 DATA ! *309 DATA ! *310 DATA !* *311 DATA !***312 DATA j*313 DATA !314 DATA !315 DATA !316 DATA !317 DATA !318. DATA |319 DATA !320 DATA |321 DATA |322 REMSAVE before running!*************!!!!!!!!!*!*** |*i!* !* !* !* !* !!!IHOW TO USE THE SPRITE PROGRAMDraw your own picture in the DATA statements and enter the DATA lines into theprogram, like this:List the program and see the DATA statements on the screen.Move the cursor into the rectangle drawn in the DATA statements. Erase thestars which are already there. Draw whatever picture you like (a smiley face?)using the "*" key.178
Then use the CRSR keys to move the cursor to line 301 at the top of thedrawing. Then press the RETURN key 21 times to enter all the new DATAstatements into the program.Then run the program to see your sprite move.HOW IT WORKSThe VIC chip has 47 memory boxes which tell the sprites what to do. Besides that, eachsprite needs a picture stored in a block of 64 boxes in memory, and a "sprite pointer" boxto tell which 64 boxes to use.Line 22 The addresses of VIC's boxes start at 53248.Line 26 The box at 2040 is the "sprite pointer" for sprite 0. It tells in which block of 64boxes sprite 0 will find its picture. Block 200 has boxes 12800 to 12863.(12800 = 64*200).CAREFUL! Use only blocks 200 to 255!Line 32 Box V+21 is the sprite on-off box. Put number 0 into the box to turn off all thesprites. The number 1 turns on sprite 0.Line 34 Box V+39 holds a color number (0 to 15) for sprite 0.Line 44 Box V holds the X position of sprite 0. The number is between 0 and 255.Numbers near 0 put the sprite off the screen at the left.Line 45 Box V+1 holds the Y position of sprite 0. Numbers near 0 put it off the screen atthe top. Numbers near 255 put it off the screen at the bottom.Line 200 The subroutine reads each DATA line, breaks it up into three "bytes" of eightcharacters each, and then looks to see which characters are stars. The stars tellwhich bits are "ones" in binary notation. Study pages 72 and 73 in theCommodore 64 User's Guide to learn more about making binary numbers intodecimal numbers for sprites.TWO STEPS TO SPRITESYou use sprites in two steps: First you draw and store a picture. Then you make VICcolor it, turn it on and move it around.Load the SPRITE program, then change it.179
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KIDSAND THECOMMODORE 64
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KIDSAND THECOMMODORE 64neoartment o
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nTABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgements
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nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS^My sincere thanks
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nTO THE PARENTSThis book is designe
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n~ ABOUT PROGRAMMINGThere is a comm
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nn INSTRUCTOR NOTES 1 NEW, PRINT, R
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COMMAND THE COMPUTERTry this. Type
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THE NUMBER ZERO AND THE LETTER "O"T
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nINSTRUCTOR NOTES 2COLOR AND THE KE
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There are eight colors on the numbe
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OTHER COMMANDS IN PRINT STATEMENTSJ
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LESSON 3 LIST, BOXES IN MEMORYClear
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ADDING A LINEYou can add a new line
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THE DELETE KEYThe DEL key is your "
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INSTRUCTOR NOTES 5 TRICKS WITH PRIN
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RULE: The semicolon makes the invis
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Assignment 5:1- Write a program whi
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LESSON 6THE INPUT COMMANDUse INPUT
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YOU WEAR TWO HATS, USER AND PROGRAM
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LESSON 7THE LET COMMAND, GLUING STR
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GLUING THE STRINGSHere is how to st
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LESSON 8THE GOTO COMMAND AND THE ST
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A CAN OF SPAGHETTILook at this: 10
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Assignment 8:1. Just for practice i
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LESSON 9 THE IF COMMANDClear the me
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JtTHE "NOT EQUAL" SIGNTwo signs:= m
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INSTRUCTOR NOTES 10 INTRODUCING NUM
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The thing which is put into the box
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MIXTURES IN PRINTYou can print numb
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INSTRUCTOR NOTES 11TAB AND DELAY LO
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HOW BIG A SPACE CAN TAB( ) MAKE?The
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INSTRUCTOR NOTES 12 THE IF COMMAND
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AN IF INSIDE AN IFThe "teenager" pr
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2. Here is another program. What wi
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LESSON 13RANDOM NUMBERS AND THE INT
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ROUNDING OFF NUMBERSPerhaps you kno
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INSTRUCTOR NOTES 14SAVING TO TAPEWe
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The computer automatically turned o
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nnr^nnnnnr^nnLOADING A PROGRAM FROM
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5. We are ready to put in the next
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n INSTRUCTOR NOTES 15 SOME SHORTCUT
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AN INPUT SHORTCUTInstead of10 PRINT
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WHEN TO USE THE COLON SHORTCUTUse t
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But if we write this line in a prog
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LESSON 16 MOVING PICTURESMOVING THE
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Line 40 waits for you to see this b
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LESSON 17FOR-NEXT LOOPSRemember the
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LOOP VARIABLESTo make sure that eac
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^ INSTRUCTOR NOTES 18 DATA, READ, R
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STRANGE RULES1. It doesn't matter w
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MIXTURES OF DATAThe DATA statement
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LESSON 19SOUND EFFECTSTurn up the s
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TONES BY THE BUSHELEnter: 10 REM **
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"TM" stands for "timbre." Timbre is
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INSTRUCTOR NOTES 20NAMES, CLOCKS AN
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cAnytimeyou type, the characters ar
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LESSON 21COLOR GRAPHICSADJUST YOUR
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Add these lines to the above progra
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INSTRUCTOR NOTES 22POKEing GRAPHICS
Page 127 and 128: Try this: Change the number 83 to a
Page 129 and 130: We can number the streets and house
Page 131 and 132: n INSTRUCTOR NOTES 23 SECRET WRITIN
Page 133 and 134: THE COMPUTER ISIMPATIENTThe compute
Page 135 and 136: ^ INSTRUCTOR NOTES 24 PRETTY PROGRA
Page 137 and 138: Assignment 24A:1. The delay loop is
Page 139 and 140: Assignment 24B:1. Write a short pro
Page 141 and 142: LESSON 25 LOGIC: AND, OR, NOTANOTHE
Page 143 and 144: THE IF COMMAND TELLS LITTLE WHITE L
Page 145 and 146: THE LOGIC SIGNSYou can use these si
Page 147 and 148: LESSON 26 SNIPPING STRINGS: LEFTS,
Page 149 and 150: CUTTING A PIECE OUT OF THE MIDDLETh
Page 151 and 152: nnO INSTRUCTOR NOTES 27 SWITCHING N
Page 153 and 154: MAKING NUMBERS INTO STRINGSRun10 RE
Page 155 and 156: Assignment 27:1. Write a program wh
Page 157 and 158: LESSON 28ACTION GAMES AND THE FUNCT
Page 159 and 160: LOOKING IN THE KEYBOARD'S BOXHere i
Page 161 and 162: Run it. It puts a white diamond on
Page 163 and 164: cTHETARGETS ARE HEARTSAdd these lin
Page 165 and 166: LESSON 29MUSICGo back and review th
Page 167 and 168: REGISTER ADDRESSES Base address is
Page 169 and 170: D^ INSTRUCTOR NOTES 30 ARRAYS AND T
Page 171 and 172: The DIM... command tells the comput
Page 173 and 174: 1 REM *** EIGHT QUEENS ***2 GOTO 10
Page 175 and 176: Assignment 30:1. Write a program wh
Page 177: LESSON 31SPRITES FOR ACTION GRAPHIC
Page 181 and 182: MANY SPRITES AT ONCEHere are the bo
Page 183 and 184: WATCH OUT, TWO SPRITES ARE GOING TO
Page 185 and 186: LESSON 32USER FRIENDLY PROGRAMSTher
Page 187 and 188: TIE A STRING AROUND THE USER'S FING
Page 189 and 190: SET TRAPS FOR ERRORSExample: Add th
Page 191 and 192: LESSON 33DEBUGGING, STOP, CONTTHE S
Page 193 and 194: Use the PRINT command to look at va
Page 195 and 196: RESERVED WORDSABSAND ASC ATNCHR$CLR
Page 197 and 198: ells and whistlesA phrase going bac
Page 199 and 200: error trapPart of a program which c
Page 201 and 202: listingA list of all the lines in a
Page 203 and 204: emarkA comment you make in the prog
Page 205 and 206: variableA name given to a box in me
Page 207 and 208: FORMULA TOO COMPLEXYou wrote a stri
Page 209 and 210: SYNTAXYou "spelled" the line wrong.
Page 211 and 212: 1 REM A4-310 REM*** SMILE***13 POKE
Page 213 and 214: 1 REM A6-210 REM*** FAVORITE***15 P
Page 215 and 216: ~ 40 INPUT C$1 REM A9B-210 REM ***
Page 217 and 218: ^ 1 REM A11A-210 REM !"#$% INSULTS
Page 219 and 220: 1 REM A12B-410 REM *** PICK A CARD
Page 221 and 222: ^ 1 REM A15-210 REM!!! VACATION!!!r
Page 223 and 224: ■1 REMA17B-510 REM*** OPERA SOPRA
Page 225 and 226: 1 REM A22-110 REM *** COLORED BOX *
Page 227 and 228: 1 REM A24B-1r> 10 REM*** SUBROUTINE
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1 REM A26-210 REM*** ANSWERER***12
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1 REM A27-110 REM *** BACKWARD ***1
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441 FOR l=2 TO LEN(A$]442L1$=MID$(F
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INDEX OF TOPICSaddition 59,74ADSR 1
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memory 16, 24-26, 45, 59, 81, 83,11
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nnnnnnonnnOnooonnnnnnnnonnnHnonnOn
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