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You can use a loop to change the numbers in these boxes while the sound is going on!Try this:10 REM GOING UP200=54272: LO=C:HI=C+122 AD=C+5 :SR=C+624 VL=C+24:TM=C+430 FOR L=C TO C+24:P0KE L,0:NEXT L32P0KEVL.1534 POKE AD.9 :POKE SR,2*1B+835 POKE TM.3340 FOR l=2 TO 22242 POKE HI.I :REM PITCH CHANGES49 NEXT I50 POKE TM.32:P0KE HI.0Save to tape or disk before running.Assignment 19:1. Try to make these sound effects: laser gun, wind (use "noise" waveform), siren,explosion. Try POKEing into different boxes in the SID chip.2. Write a program to show a flying bird and make the bird chirp as it goes.114
INSTRUCTOR NOTES 20NAMES, CLOCKS AND MODESThis lesson treats the rules for naming variables, the "jiffy" clock and the edit and RUNmodes.Descriptive variable names help clarify programs but they take more typing and thereare two hidden "gottcha's." One is that BASIC records only the first two letters of aname. This means that those beautiful descriptive names may not be unique. Evenexperienced programmers occasionally get caught here, and the bug may be quite hardto detect. One "cure" is to use only one and two character names.The other gottcha is that "reserved words" may not be included in the name anywhere:start, middle or end. The reserved words are the BASIC commands and functions and arelisted in an appendix to this book. If a name contains a reserved word the computer prints9SYNTAX ERROR IN XXwhere XX is the line number containing the illegal name.The jiffy clock is a register in the computer which contains a six digit decimal number.The number is incremented every l/60th of a second. The number is in a BASIC variablebox named TI. A real clock (hours, minutes and seconds) is described in a later lesson.The student has been entering lines in the "edit mode" from Lesson 1 on, and has beenRUNning programs. Now we explain a little about the difference, and point out how theedit mode treats lines entered into the line buffer. The lesson on debugging makesextensive use of the edit mode options.QUESTIONS:1. Names longer than two characters may give you trouble. Why?2. Names which have numbers in them may be good names or wrong names. How canyou tell if they are good?3. Names cannot have punctuation marks in them, except in one case. What punctuationmark is allowed, where do you put it, and what does it tell you?4. Long names may not have "reserved words" at the front, inside, or at the back. Whichwords are "reserved"? Where is there a list of reserved words?5. How do you ask the jiffy clock "what time is it"?6. How does the jiffy clock differ from ordinary clocks?115
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KIDSAND THECOMMODORE 64
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KIDSAND THECOMMODORE 64neoartment o
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nTABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgements
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nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS^My sincere thanks
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nTO THE PARENTSThis book is designe
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n~ ABOUT PROGRAMMINGThere is a comm
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nn INSTRUCTOR NOTES 1 NEW, PRINT, R
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COMMAND THE COMPUTERTry this. Type
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THE NUMBER ZERO AND THE LETTER "O"T
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nINSTRUCTOR NOTES 2COLOR AND THE KE
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There are eight colors on the numbe
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OTHER COMMANDS IN PRINT STATEMENTSJ
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LESSON 3 LIST, BOXES IN MEMORYClear
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ADDING A LINEYou can add a new line
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THE DELETE KEYThe DEL key is your "
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INSTRUCTOR NOTES 5 TRICKS WITH PRIN
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RULE: The semicolon makes the invis
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Assignment 5:1- Write a program whi
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LESSON 6THE INPUT COMMANDUse INPUT
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YOU WEAR TWO HATS, USER AND PROGRAM
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LESSON 7THE LET COMMAND, GLUING STR
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GLUING THE STRINGSHere is how to st
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LESSON 8THE GOTO COMMAND AND THE ST
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A CAN OF SPAGHETTILook at this: 10
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Assignment 8:1. Just for practice i
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LESSON 9 THE IF COMMANDClear the me
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JtTHE "NOT EQUAL" SIGNTwo signs:= m
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INSTRUCTOR NOTES 10 INTRODUCING NUM
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The thing which is put into the box
Page 65 and 66: MIXTURES IN PRINTYou can print numb
Page 67 and 68: INSTRUCTOR NOTES 11TAB AND DELAY LO
Page 69 and 70: HOW BIG A SPACE CAN TAB( ) MAKE?The
Page 71 and 72: INSTRUCTOR NOTES 12 THE IF COMMAND
Page 73 and 74: AN IF INSIDE AN IFThe "teenager" pr
Page 75 and 76: 2. Here is another program. What wi
Page 77 and 78: LESSON 13RANDOM NUMBERS AND THE INT
Page 79 and 80: ROUNDING OFF NUMBERSPerhaps you kno
Page 81 and 82: INSTRUCTOR NOTES 14SAVING TO TAPEWe
Page 83 and 84: The computer automatically turned o
Page 85 and 86: nnr^nnnnnr^nnLOADING A PROGRAM FROM
Page 87 and 88: 5. We are ready to put in the next
Page 89 and 90: n INSTRUCTOR NOTES 15 SOME SHORTCUT
Page 91 and 92: AN INPUT SHORTCUTInstead of10 PRINT
Page 93 and 94: WHEN TO USE THE COLON SHORTCUTUse t
Page 95 and 96: But if we write this line in a prog
Page 97 and 98: LESSON 16 MOVING PICTURESMOVING THE
Page 99 and 100: Line 40 waits for you to see this b
Page 101 and 102: LESSON 17FOR-NEXT LOOPSRemember the
Page 103 and 104: LOOP VARIABLESTo make sure that eac
Page 105 and 106: ^ INSTRUCTOR NOTES 18 DATA, READ, R
Page 107 and 108: STRANGE RULES1. It doesn't matter w
Page 109 and 110: MIXTURES OF DATAThe DATA statement
Page 111 and 112: LESSON 19SOUND EFFECTSTurn up the s
Page 113 and 114: TONES BY THE BUSHELEnter: 10 REM **
Page 115: "TM" stands for "timbre." Timbre is
Page 119 and 120: cAnytimeyou type, the characters ar
Page 121 and 122: LESSON 21COLOR GRAPHICSADJUST YOUR
Page 123 and 124: Add these lines to the above progra
Page 125 and 126: INSTRUCTOR NOTES 22POKEing GRAPHICS
Page 127 and 128: Try this: Change the number 83 to a
Page 129 and 130: We can number the streets and house
Page 131 and 132: n INSTRUCTOR NOTES 23 SECRET WRITIN
Page 133 and 134: THE COMPUTER ISIMPATIENTThe compute
Page 135 and 136: ^ INSTRUCTOR NOTES 24 PRETTY PROGRA
Page 137 and 138: Assignment 24A:1. The delay loop is
Page 139 and 140: Assignment 24B:1. Write a short pro
Page 141 and 142: LESSON 25 LOGIC: AND, OR, NOTANOTHE
Page 143 and 144: THE IF COMMAND TELLS LITTLE WHITE L
Page 145 and 146: THE LOGIC SIGNSYou can use these si
Page 147 and 148: LESSON 26 SNIPPING STRINGS: LEFTS,
Page 149 and 150: CUTTING A PIECE OUT OF THE MIDDLETh
Page 151 and 152: nnO INSTRUCTOR NOTES 27 SWITCHING N
Page 153 and 154: MAKING NUMBERS INTO STRINGSRun10 RE
Page 155 and 156: Assignment 27:1. Write a program wh
Page 157 and 158: LESSON 28ACTION GAMES AND THE FUNCT
Page 159 and 160: LOOKING IN THE KEYBOARD'S BOXHere i
Page 161 and 162: Run it. It puts a white diamond on
Page 163 and 164: cTHETARGETS ARE HEARTSAdd these lin
Page 165 and 166: LESSON 29MUSICGo back and review th
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REGISTER ADDRESSES Base address is
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D^ INSTRUCTOR NOTES 30 ARRAYS AND T
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The DIM... command tells the comput
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1 REM *** EIGHT QUEENS ***2 GOTO 10
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Assignment 30:1. Write a program wh
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LESSON 31SPRITES FOR ACTION GRAPHIC
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Then use the CRSR keys to move the
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MANY SPRITES AT ONCEHere are the bo
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WATCH OUT, TWO SPRITES ARE GOING TO
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LESSON 32USER FRIENDLY PROGRAMSTher
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TIE A STRING AROUND THE USER'S FING
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SET TRAPS FOR ERRORSExample: Add th
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LESSON 33DEBUGGING, STOP, CONTTHE S
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Use the PRINT command to look at va
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RESERVED WORDSABSAND ASC ATNCHR$CLR
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ells and whistlesA phrase going bac
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error trapPart of a program which c
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listingA list of all the lines in a
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emarkA comment you make in the prog
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variableA name given to a box in me
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FORMULA TOO COMPLEXYou wrote a stri
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SYNTAXYou "spelled" the line wrong.
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1 REM A4-310 REM*** SMILE***13 POKE
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1 REM A6-210 REM*** FAVORITE***15 P
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~ 40 INPUT C$1 REM A9B-210 REM ***
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^ 1 REM A11A-210 REM !"#$% INSULTS
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1 REM A12B-410 REM *** PICK A CARD
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^ 1 REM A15-210 REM!!! VACATION!!!r
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■1 REMA17B-510 REM*** OPERA SOPRA
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1 REM A22-110 REM *** COLORED BOX *
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1 REM A24B-1r> 10 REM*** SUBROUTINE
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1 REM A26-210 REM*** ANSWERER***12
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1 REM A27-110 REM *** BACKWARD ***1
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441 FOR l=2 TO LEN(A$]442L1$=MID$(F
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INDEX OF TOPICSaddition 59,74ADSR 1
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memory 16, 24-26, 45, 59, 81, 83,11
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