History of Latin American Dermatology

LUIS VALDIVIA BLONDETDermatology residency programs were later created at other universities already described.In 1996, at the National Higher University of St. Mark, the First Syllabus of the SpecializedField, which remains in force today, was set up (Figure 13) a great step forwardin the structuring of the teaching syllabus for dermatologists in the country.Figure 13. Cover ofthe firstDermatologysyllabus. The imageshown correspondsto the maincourtyard of the St.Ferdinand MedicalSchoolFigure 14. FrontView of theArchbishop LoayzaHospitalFigure 15. FrontView of the Dos deMayo HospitalHospital Teaching CentersWith the creation of the Medical School at the National Higher University of St. Markin Lima, in 1856, the teaching role of hospitals was established, for which they had to includeuniversity faculty education among their goals. This is how the so-called HospitalTeaching Centers in Peru originated — hospitals where appropriate undergraduate andgraduate instruction is provided.Due to their history, some of these hospitals of Lima and Callao are worthy of specialmention.The current Archbishop Loayza Hospital, located on Alfonso Ugarte Avenue, was inauguratedon December 10, 1924, under the name of the hospital it replaced — the formerSt. Anne Hospital — located on Lima’s Italy Square, and retaining its mission: thetreatment of female pathologies. It was renamed Archbishop Loayza Hospital on March27, 1954 (Figure 14). Its first Head was Dr. Juvenal Denegri. The congregating Sisters ofCharity congregating of St. Vincent of Paul are in charge of the hospital’s administration;the Reverend Mother Superior Larrabure y Correa, with great and selfless work, reachedthe post of Head of the hospital’s Nursing School in 1939. The scholarly physician andgreat archeologist Dr. Julio C. Tello was treated at this hospital until his last days, dyingon June 3, 1947. Tello’s heart remains in the hospital’s Museum, where it receives therespect of the health workers.The Dermatology Service was initiated at the infecto-contagious and skin diseasesward with Dr. Guillermo Fernández Dávila M., joined by Dr. Víctor GonzálesPinillo up to 1937; the leadership was later taken over by Dr. Aurelio Loret deMola; he was subsequently succeeded by Dr. Marcial Ayaipoma Vidalón, Dr. VíctorMeth Tuesta and Dr. Aldo Ayaipoma Nicolini up to the present. Eminent dermatologistsparticipated in this service, notably Aurelio Loret de Mola and LuisFlores Cevallos, both from the French School, who modernized Peruvian Dermatology.The Dos de Mayo Hospital — inaugurated on February 28, 1875, in replacementof the St. Andrew Hospital (1557-1875) for the treatment of pathology in males —was, in its time, the South American hospital with the best physical facilities (Figure 15).Its first head was Mr. Juan José Moreyra; the Sisters of San Vincent of Paul carried outthe administrative functions. Sister Superior Elena Regnier left in her notes to the Head,part of the history of the occupation of the hospital by Chilean troops and itssubsequent abandonment, as well as her opinion on Daniel Alcides Carrión’ssacrifice (Figure 16). The main events in the history of medicine and Dermatologyin Peru during the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentiethunfolded at this hospital, suffice it to mention Daniel Alcides Carrión. MedicineDay (October 5, 1930) and the Daniel Alcides Carrión Peruvian Medical Associationwere set up there.Remodeled in 1967 with the support of the Kayser foundation, it became ageneral hospital, that is, for the treatment of men, women and children.In 1935, the operation of the Skin Diseases Service was recorded at the St.Lazarus ward, headed by Italian-Peruvian dermatologist Alfieri Valdettaro and by Dr.Pablo Nagaro. In 1942, the service moved to a premises built for a clinical laboratory, locatedbetween the morgue and the children’s ward, and in 1945, it was shifted to the latterwith Dr. Alfredo Parodi Bacigalupo as the head of St. Lazarus and St. Camillo services.362