History of Latin American Dermatology

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RUBÉN GUARDA TATÍNGuarda’s program, launched in April 1980 and whose venue was the Aguirre Hospital,established: (1) a compulsory system of internships in all the practical areas of Dermatology,which included STDs, laboratory, histopathology, immunodermatology andsurgery, among others; (2) compulsory theoretical courses on the subjects that go beyondthe routine clinical practice of Dermatology, such as cutaneous pathophysiology (includinggenetics and biochemistry), immunology, pharmacology/therapeutics, histopathologyand fundamental surgery, for the purpose of updating and raising the level of ChileanDermatology, hitherto of scarce prestige among doctors in other specialized fields; (3) arigorous evaluation of practical and theoretical activities, with a compulsory final examinationprior to the degree, and (4) a system for integrating the best professors in Santiago(wherever they might be working) into graduate education to optimize the trainingof the residents. This program was complemented as of 1983 by gradually bringing inthe Santiago Dermatology services for carrying out practical work.In order to institutionalize the inclusion of the Santiago Dermatology professors andservices, Dr. Guarda drew up a new syllabus with the four principles listed above, whichwas adopted in 1985 at a solemn session at the Graduate School of the UCH MedicalSchool with the presence and signature of Isidoro Pasmanik, Daniel Villalobos, Juan Honeyman,Carlos Vera and Marco Antonio de la Parra, in representation of all the hospitalareas of Santiago, plus Dr. Guarda and the head of that School, Mauricio Parada. As aconsequence of this, within a few years Dermatology went from a depressed situation toone of being one of the specialization options most in demand among young doctors, includingthe inflow of numerous physicians with the highest graduating grades from thediverse medical schools, which generated an explosive growth in the number of dermatologists.Taking into account the doctors who joined the training in Dermatology linkedto the above-mentioned Graduate School, the figure went from 7 doctors in 1966-1972six-year period, to 10 in the 1973-1979 six-year period, and to 51 between 1980 and1986, these figures continuing to rise until now.Since 1991, graduate teaching at UCH has been a dependency of the newly createdDermatology Department of its Medical School. Since 1993 the training program lasts 3years (previously, 2 years) with exclusively dermatological subjects (it excludes generalclinical medicine). In the year 2004 the total of UCH scholarship holders/residents in the3 years of training stood at 25. The annual quota for new residents is currently 10. Thecoordinators of the graduate program have been Rubén Guarda (1980-1986), María ElsaMaira (1987-2001) and Iván Jara (2001 to date). The following have stood out coordinatingtheoretical and practical graduate courses at UCH: Augusto Alvarez Salamanca(surgery), Rubén Guarda, Raúl Cabrera and Iván Jara (immunodermatology and cutaneouspathophysiology), Hernán Hevia, Immo Rohmann, María Elsa Maira and HildaRojas (dermatopathology), Daniel Villalobos, Walter Gübelin and Orietta Gómez (STDs),Juan Honeyman (therapeutics) and Rodrigo de la Parra (laboratory), among others.The PUC created the first scholarship/residency spot for Dermatology in 1972, whenit was won by Gonzalo Eguiguren. The following isolated quotas offered by PUC were carriedout at UCH’s Aguirre Hospital, until in 1993 a program of its own was launched forthe training of specialists in Dermatology, basically similar to that of UCH and integratedwith the latter as regards theoretical courses and some practical internships. In 2004there are four scholarship holders/residents for the 3 years of training. Up to 2004 onlyUCH and PUC carry out programs for the training of specialists in Dermatology in Chile.Textbooks for graduate educationUntil 1970 the main reference textbooks were successively those published by JeanDarier and disciples, Florencio Prats et al. (1960) and the French Enciclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale. From that time until the present, the main textbooks of general Dermatology174
Historical sketch of Chilean Dermatologyhave been those published by Arthur Rook et al. and Thomas Fitzpatrick et al. in theirsuccessive editions. In specialized subjects, those published by Sydney Hurwitz (PediatricDermatology), Mark Dahl (Immunodermatology), Walter Lever and Bernard Ackerman(Dermatopathology), among others. This reveals the significant change in influences onChilean Dermatology: from French to British and U.S. Dermatology.Overviews of some dermatological disciplinesPediatric Dermatology■ Overviews of some dermatological disciplinesUntil 1950 children’s dermatological diseases were treated by general pediatriciansand dermatologists, without much exploration of their wide spectrum not dedication tothem as a central goal of treatment. Those who opened up the path for the developmentand the progress of child Dermatology were Ignacio González Díaz (trained as a dermatologist)and Pedro Cofré (trained as a pediatrician), who, in Santiago, took on the handlingof child Dermatology at the Roberto del Río and Calvo Mackenna pediatrichospitals, respectively.In 1958, Dr. González was sent by UCH to carry out two crucial tasks: creating the undergraduatechair and dermatological treatment at the Barros Luco Hospital (which laterentailed the creation of that hospital’s Dermatology Service), and launching dermatologicalcare at the Roberto del Río Hospital belonging to UCH; he was the first dermatologistlinked to a Chilean pediatric hospital. From that position, he contributed not only totraining scholarship-holding residents in general pediatrics and in Dermatology, but toestablishing the basis of child Dermatology.The only structure with beds and outpatient care at Chilean hospitals that receivedthe name of “child Dermatology service” was created at the Roberto del Río Hospital atan uncertain date, presumably before 1960; its chiefs were successively IgnacioGonzález, María Elsa Maira and Julia Oroz, until it was suppressed in 1976. As of 1966and for some years, Alan Rojas collaborated with Dr. González in treatment work. JuliaOroz, who had concluded her residency in pediatrics in 1965, trained as a dermatologistbetween 1968 and 1970 at the above-mentioned hospital and with Dr. Hevia at theAguirre Hospital; after working for some time in Valdivia, she returned in 1973 to takeover the child Dermatology care at the Roberto del Río Hospital left vacant by Dr.González who retired in 1972. During that interval, treatment was provided by the pediatricianMaría Elsa Maira, who had worked with González in the 1970-1972 period. Dr.Oroz has, since then, been in charge of the practical and theoretical education in childDermatology of the vast majority of scholarship-holding residents in Dermatology whohave been sent to her by Chile’s universities, thus turning into an essential pillar of thedevelopment of this subject thanks to her drive, desire for improvement and capacity tostimulate the new generations.From 1976 to 1990 she was joined by another pediatrician, Winston Martínez, who atthe same time completed his training as a dermatologist. Dr. Martínez was replaced bySergio Silva in 1990. In 1983, a new post was created expressly for dermatological care,filled successively by Gabriela Smoje, Paulina Grandi and Paula Castillo.Pedro Cofré, the other central figure in the early days of child Dermatology in Chile,was a pediatrician at the Calvo Mackenna Hospital (eastern area) with a great interestin treating children with dermatological problems. This led him to train in Dermatologysimultaneously with his friend and fellow medical student Hernán Hevia at the AguirreHospital between 1959 and 1960; then, around 1961, at the Calvo Mackenna Hospital,he launched the second outpatient office in Dermatology at a Chilean children’s hospital,where he worked as the sole full-time dermatologist until his retirement in 1973. He was175
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History ofLatin AmericanDermatology
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History of Latin American Dermatolo
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AUTHORS OF THE BOOK HISTORY OF LATI
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LIST OF AUTHORSDermatology Service
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LIST OF AUTHORSQUIÑÓNES, CÉSAR (
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PREFACETHE BEGINNING OF A ROADRICAR
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HISTORY OFDERMATOLOGYAMONG ARGENTIN
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History of Dermatology among Argent
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LUIS DAVID PIERINIHerbal treatments
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LUIS DAVID PIERINIto have diuretic,
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LUIS DAVID PIERINIMapuche youths we
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LUIS DAVID PIERINIsources: the abor
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PABLO A. VIGLIOGLIA, ALBERTO WOSCOF
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DERMATOLOGY - ARTAND CULTUREAMALIA
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Dermatology — art and cultureMany
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Dermatology — art and culturework
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HISTORY OF THEARGENTINE ASSOCIATION
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History of the Argentine Associatio
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HISTORICAL OUTLINEOF THE BOLIVIANDE
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Historical outline of the Bolivian
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PAULO R. CUNHAHouse of Bragança, c
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PAULO R. CUNHABahia’s Tropical De
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PAULO R. CUNHAMedical Schools. Actu
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PAULO R. CUNHAintravenous injection
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PAULO R. CUNHABernardino Antônio G
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PAULO R. CUNHAHospital, in Paris. H
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PAULO R. CUNHAin Dermatology at SPU
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PAULO R. CUNHAClínicas. In 1967, h
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PAULO R. CUNHA(1988); Luiz Henrique
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PAULO R. CUNHAFigure 11. Prof. Dr.P
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PAULO R. CUNHAKaposi’s sarcoma, r
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PAULO R. CUNHApapers in the Congres
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PAULO R. CUNHADuring his administra
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PAULO R. CUNHAtwo levels: Specializ
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PAULO R. CUNHADuring the third year
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PAULO R. CUNHAresearcher-doctor. Th
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PAULO R. CUNHAThe Jundiaí ServiceI
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PAULO R. CUNHAmaterials and items f
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PAULO R. CUNHAtogether with Dr. Ál
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PAULO R. CUNHAGuerra, wrote in his
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PAULO R. CUNHA■ References1. Camp
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CÉSAR IVÁN VARELA HERNÁNDEZhot,
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CÉSAR IVÁN VARELA HERNÁNDEZnarra
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CÉSAR IVÁN VARELA HERNÁNDEZand e
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CÉSAR IVÁN VARELA HERNÁNDEZFigur
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History of Dermatology in Guatemala
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ADAME, ARIAS, ARENAS, CAMPOS, NEUMA
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HISTORY OFPEDIATRICDERMATOLOGYIN ME
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History of pediatric Dermatology in
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HISTORY OFNICARAGUANDERMATOLOGYALDO
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History of Nicaraguan Dermatology
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History of Nicaraguan DermatologyAn
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History of Nicaraguan DermatologyTh
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History of Nicaraguan Dermatologyan
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NOTES ON THEHISTORY OFDERMATOLOGYIN
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Notes on the History of Dermatology
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ELBIO FLORES-CEVALLOS, LUIS FLORES-
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LUIS VALDIVIA BLONDETFigure 3. Moch
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LUIS VALDIVIA BLONDETremained until
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LUIS VALDIVIA BLONDETDermatology re
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LUIS VALDIVIA BLONDETThe Children
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LUIS VALDIVIA BLONDETFigure 18. Log
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LUIS VALDIVIA BLONDETthat Internati
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Notes on the history of Peruvian De
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CÉSAR QUIÑONES, PABLO I. ALMODÓV
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MARTHA MINIÑO, RAFAEL ISA ISAFigur
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MARTHA MINIÑO, RAFAEL ISA ISA■ T
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MARTHA MINIÑO, RAFAEL ISA ISAissue
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THE INDIANS OFURUGUAY AND THEIRRELA
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The Indians of Uruguay and their re
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RAÚL VIGNALEseventeenth, eighteent
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RAÚL VIGNALEDepartment Council the
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RAÚL VIGNALEessential as regards m
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RAÚL VIGNALEthe specialized field.
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RAÚL VIGNALEIt must also be mentio
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RAÚL VIGNALE■ References1. Blanc
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A. LANDER, J. PIQUERO, A. RONDÓN,
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ROBERTO ARENAS1976-1979 Rubem David
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ANNUAL GATHERINGOF LATIN AMERICANDE
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Annual Gathering of Latin American
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EVELYNE HALPERT, RAMÓN RUIZ MALDON
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RAFAEL FALABELLAalready beginning t
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RAFAEL FALABELLAprocedures seek job
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RAFAEL FALABELLA■ References1. Si
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THE EDITORStheir final approval. In
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INDEX OF NAMESÁlvarez Ortiz, Marí
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INDEX OF NAMESCCabada, Carlos de la
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INDEX OF NAMESCruz, Martín de la,
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INDEX OF NAMESGago de Vadillo, Pedr
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INDEX OF NAMESHumboldt, Alexandrowi
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INDEX OF NAMESMarques, Antônio de
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INDEX OF NAMESOrtega, Juan José, 2
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INDEX OF NAMESRestrepo Molina, Rodr
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INDEX OF NAMESSigüenza C., Norma,
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INDEX OF NAMESVillacís, Manuel, 19
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Printed in April 2007by Art & Carac
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History of Latin American Dermatology

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