J. A. Tauber et al.: <strong>Planck</strong> pre-launch status: The <strong>Planck</strong> mission(n) Study of the structure and intensity of the magnetic fields(ordered and tangled components) within nearby interstellarclouds, in relation with their density and velocitystructure.6. Solar System science(a) Extraction and analysis of the zodiacal light emission,and constraints on dust properties and content within thesolar system.(b) Detection and analysis of the emission from severalclasses of objects, such as main belt asteroids, planets,and comets.It is expected that the above projects will result in around 40 scientificpapers which will be submitted for publication at the timewhen the final scientific products are released to the community.7. ConclusionsThis paper summarises the performance of <strong>Planck</strong> at the timeof launch in the areas most relevant for scientific analysis of the<strong>Planck</strong> data. It also outlines the main elements of its scientificoperations and data analysis. Detailed descriptions of aspects ofthe payload are provided in accompanying papers in this issue.It can be concluded that:1. The major elements of satellite and payload performance fulfillthe original technical requirements.2. The ground segment is ready for operations.3. The <strong>Planck</strong> Collaboration is ready for scientific analysis.After a flawless launch, <strong>Planck</strong> is now in its final orbit and hasstarted routine surveying of the sky. There is every expectationthat in-flight commissioning and performance verification activitieswill confirm the performance outlined here.Acknowledgements. <strong>Planck</strong> is too large a project to allow full acknowledgementof all contributions by individuals, institutions, industries, and funding agencies.The main entities involved in the mission are as follows. The European SpaceAgency (ESA) manages the project and funds the development of the satellite,its launch, and operations. ESA’s prime industrial contractor for <strong>Planck</strong> isThales Alenia Space (Cannes, France). Industry from all over Europe has contributedto the development of <strong>Planck</strong>. Speciallynotablecontributionstothedevelopment are due to Thales Alenia Spazio (Italy) for the Service Module,Astrium (Friedrichshafen, Germany) for the <strong>Planck</strong> reflectors, and OerlikonSpace (Zürich, Switzerland) for the payload structures. Much of the most challengingcryogenic and optical testing has been carried out at the Centre Spatialde Liège in Belgium and on the premises of Thales Alenia Space in Cannes.Two Consortia, comprising around 50 scientific institutes within Europe and theUS, and funded by agencies from the participating countries, have developedthe scientific instruments LFI and HFI, and delivered them to ESA (see alsoAppendix A). The Consortia are also responsible for scientific operation of theirrespective instruments and processing the acquired data. The Consortia are ledby the Principal Investigators: J.-L. Puget in France of HFI (funded principallyvia CNES) and N. Mandolesi in Italy of LFI(fundedprincipallyviaASI).NASAhas funded the US <strong>Planck</strong> Project, based at JPL and involving scientists at manyUS institutions, which has contributed very significantly to the efforts of thesetwo Consortia. A Consortium of Danish institutes (DK-<strong>Planck</strong>), funded by theDanish National Research Council, has participated with ESA in a joint developmentof the two reflectors for the <strong>Planck</strong> telescope. The author list for this paperhas been selected by the <strong>Planck</strong> Science Team, and is composed of individualsfrom all of the above entities who have made multi-year contributions to the developmentof the mission. It does not pretend tobeinclusiveofallcontributions.Appendix A: The <strong>Planck</strong> Scientific CollaborationThe <strong>Planck</strong> Scientific Collaboration consists of all the scientistswhich have contributed to the development of the <strong>Planck</strong> mission,and who will participate in the scientific exploitation ofthe <strong>Planck</strong> data during the proprietary period, which nominallyends with the release of the scientific products to the community3.5 yr after launch, i.e. in January 2013. They are members ofone or more among four Consortia of scientists:1. The LFI Consortium, Principal Investigator N. Mandolesiof the Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica(Bologna, Italy), includes the following participating institutes:– ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Roma (Italy)– CNR - Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, Milano (Italy)– Centre d’Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse(France)– Computational Research Division, LBNL, Berkeley CA(USA)– Danish Space Research Institute, Copenhagen (DK)– DICOM, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander (Spain)– Haverford College, Haverford PA (USA)– Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki (Finland)– INAF - IASF-Bo, Bologna (Italy)– INAF - IASF-Mi Milano (Italy)– INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia (Italy)– INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Arcetri, Firenze(Italy)– INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Bologna(Italy)– INAF - Oss. Astronomico di Padova, Padova (Italy)– INAF - Oss. Astronomico di Trieste, Trieste (Italy)– INFN - sezione di Trieste, Trieste (Italy)– INFN - sezione di Tor Vergata, Roma (Italy)– Institute for Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele(Romania)– Instituto de Física, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander(Spain)– Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo(Norway)– Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)– Integral Science Data Centre, University of Geneva,Versoix (Switzerland)– Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena (USA)– Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, The University ofManchester, Manchester (UK)– Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley(USA)– Metsahövi Radio Observatory, Helsinki (Finland)– Millilab, VTT Information Technology, Espoo (Finland)– Max-<strong>Planck</strong> Institut für Astrophysik, Garching(Germany)– National Radio Astronomy Observatory, CharlottesvilleVI (USA)– Research and Scientific Support Dpt, European SpaceAgency -ESTEC, Noordwijk (The Netherlands)– SISSA/ISAS - Astrophysics Sector, Trieste (Italy)– Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California,Berkeley (USA)– Università degli Studi di Milano - Dipartimento di Fisica,Milano (Italy)– Università degli Studi di Roma Padova - Dipartimento diFisica, Padova (Italy)– Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” -Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma (Italy)– Università degli Studi di Trieste - Dipartimento di Fisica,Trieste (Italy)– University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Canada)Page 19 of 22
A&A 520, A1 (2010)– University of California at Berkeley, PhysicsDepartment, Berkeley (USA)– University of California at Santa Barbara, PhysicsDepartment, Santa Barbara (USA)– University of Helsinki, Physics Department, Helsinki(Finland)– University of Oxford, Nuclear and AstrophysicsLaboratory, Oxford (UK)2. The HFI Consortium, Principal Investigator J.-L. Puget ofthe Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (Orsay, France), andco-PI F.R. Bouchet of the Institut d’Astrophysique de <strong>Paris</strong>(<strong>Paris</strong>, France), includes the following participating institutes:– Cardiff University, School of Physics and Astronomy,UK– CEA, CE Saclay, IRFU/Service de Physique desParticules, Gif-sur-Yvette, France– Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma,Italy– CESR, Centre d’Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements,CNRS, Toulouse, France– CNES, <strong>Paris</strong>, France– CNES, Toulouse, France– Department of Experimental Physics, NationalUniversity of Ireland (NUI), Maynooth, Ireland– Department of Physics (Cavendish Laboratory),University of Cambridge, UK– Department of Physics, California Institute ofTechnology, Pasadena, USA– European Space Agency - ESTEC, AstrophysicsDivision, Noordwijk, The Netherlands– European Space Astronomy Centre, Villanueva de laCañada, Madrid, Spain– IAS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS &Université <strong>Paris</strong> 11, Orsay, France– IAP, Institut d’Astrophysique de <strong>Paris</strong>, CNRS, <strong>Paris</strong>,France– Institut Néel, CNRS, Univ. Joseph Fourier Grenoble I,Grenoble, France– Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge,Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OHA, UK– Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics, NAS ofUkraine, Kharkov, Ukraine– Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute ofTechnology, Pasadena, USA– Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmologyand Department of Physics, Stanford University,Stanford, USA– Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie (<strong>APC</strong>), CNRS&Université<strong>Paris</strong><strong>Diderot</strong>-<strong>Paris</strong>7,<strong>Paris</strong>,France– Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (CNRS, UMR5571) 414 rue de la piscine, Grenoble, France– LAL, Laboratoire de l’Accélerateur Linéaire, CNRS &Université <strong>Paris</strong> 11, Orsay, France– Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie(LPSC), Univ. Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CNRS/IN2P3,Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble,France– LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de <strong>Paris</strong>, <strong>Paris</strong>, France– Optical Science Laboratory, University College London(UCL), London, UK– Princeton University, Department of Physics, JosephHenry Laboratory, USA– Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK– STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HarwellScience and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK– SUPA, Institute of Astronomy, University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh, UK– The University of Manchester, JBCA, School of Physicsand Astronomy, UK3. The DK-<strong>Planck</strong> Consortium, led by H.U. Norgaard-Nielsenof the Danish National Space Institute (Copenhagen,Denmark), includes the following participating institutes:– Danish National Space Institute, Copenhagen (Denmark)– Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen (Denmark)– Theoretical Astrophysics Centre, Copenhagen(Denmark)4. ESA’s <strong>Planck</strong> Science Office, Project Scientist J. A. Tauber.The <strong>Planck</strong> Science Team (see membership at http://www.rssd.esa.int/<strong>Planck</strong>)isaformalbodysetupbyESAattheinception of the project to represent the scientific interests of themission, which has had a key advisory role vis-à-vis the developmentof the satellite, payload and ground segment. It is a recognisedprinciple of the mission that the scientific exploitation of<strong>Planck</strong> during the proprietary period is a joint venture betweenthe involved Consortia, and the Science Team is the body whichhas taken the role to organise, plan, coordinate, and oversee allthe common activities in this respect. All members of the <strong>Planck</strong>Scientific Collaboration have agreed to abide by the policies setby the Science Team with regard to data access and publicationof scientific results. A complete online database of all membersof the <strong>Planck</strong> Collaboration is maintained at http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=IDIS&page=people.ReferencesAumont, J., Conversi, L., Falgarone, E., et al. 2010, A&A, 514, A70Ade, P. A. R., Savini, G., Sudiwala, R., et al. 2010, A&A, 520, A11Bhandari, P., Prina, M., Bowman, R. C. Jr., et al. 2004, Sorption Coolers UsingAContinuousCycleToProduce20KForThe<strong>Planck</strong>FlightMission,Cryogenics, 44, 395Benoît, A., Sirbi, A., Bradshaw, T., et al. 1997, in 6th European Symposium onSpace Environmental Control Systems, ed. T. D. Guyenner, ESA SP, 400, 497Bersanelli, M., Bouchet, F. R., Efstathiou, G., et al. 1996, Report on the Phase AStudy of COBRAS/SAMBA, ESA Publication D/SCI(96)3Bersanelli, M., Muciaccia, P. F., Natoli, P., Vittorio, N., & Mandolesi, N. 1997,A&AS, 121, 393Bersanelli, M., Mandolesi, N., Butler, R. 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S., et al. 2009, ApJS, 180, 225Holmes, W. A., Bock, J. J., Crill, B. P., et al. 2008, Appl. Opt., 47, 5996Huffenberger, K. M., Crill, B. P., Lange, A., et al. 2010, A&A, 510, A58Keihänen, E., Kurki-Suonio, H., & Poutanen, T. 2005, MNRAS, 360, 390Lamarre, J.-M., Puget, J.-L., Ade, P. A. R., et al. 2010, A&A, 520, A9Leahy, J. P., Bersanelli, M., D’Arcangelo, O., et al. 2010, A&A, 520, A8Leach, S. M., Cardoso, J.-F., Baccigalupi, C., et al. 2008, A&A 491, 597Maffei, B., Noviello, F., Murphy, J. A., et al. 2010, A&A, 520, A12Maino, D., Burigana, C., Gorski, K. M., Mandolesi, N., & Bersanelli, M. 2002,A&A, 387, 356Page 20 of 22
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