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A. Mennella et al.: LFI calibration and expected performanceTable 9. Impact of quantisation and compression on white noise sensitivity.M-00 M-01 S-10 S-11σ 1 2σ q ∆ 3 σ σ q ∆ σ σ q ∆ σ σ q ∆70 GHzLFI18 ... ... ... ... ... ... 38.93 39.22 0.74% 31.07 31.39 1.02%LFI19 33.50 33.68 0.55% 34.00 34.13 0.39% 25.68 25.85 0.63% 27.48 27.67 0.71%LFI20 31.08 31.17 0.31% 31.20 31.37 0.54% 44.77 45.14 0.83% 41.95 42.23 0.67%LFI21 33.77 33.94 0.51% 32.27 32.39 0.35% 26.50 26.67 0.62% 25.63 25.86 0.87%LFI22 17.03 17.15 0.67% 19.29 19.41 0.61% 20.99 21.05 0.28% 23.94 24.06 0.49%LFI23 37.84 38.01 0.44% 41.00 41.25 0.61% 23.76 24.01 1.04% 12.15 12.19 0.36%44 GHzLFI24 ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.95 5.97 0.25% 5.32 5.35 0.45%LFI25 7.50 7.54 0.50% 7.53 7.55 0.30% 9.34 9.37 0.35% 6.93 6.96 0.43%LFI26 4 6.04 6.06 0.32% 6.18 6.20 0.31% 8.81 8.84 0.28% ... ... ...30 GHzLFI27 62.34 62.67 0.52% 65.62 65.97 0.53% 56.19 56.40 0.37% 52.48 52.59 0.22%LFI28 52.96 53.27 0.59% 68.34 68.58 0.34% 46.77 46.94 0.35% 44.15 44.24 0.20%Notes. (1) White noise sensitivity before quantisation and compression in µV/ √ Hz. (2) White noise sensitivity after quantisation and compressionin µV/ √ Hz. (3) Percent relative difference: ∆=100 × (σ q − σ)/σ. (4) No values are given for LFI26S-11, forwhichquantisationandcompressionparameters were set to incorrect values because of a problem in the software optimisation procedure that was identified and solved after thecalibration campaign.of the temperature power spectrum up to l ∼ 1400 (Mandolesiet al. 2010).After the instrument test campaign, the LFI was integratedwith the HFI and the satellite. Between June and August 2008,Planck was tested at the CSL in flight-representative, thermovacuumconditions, and showed to be fully functional.Planck was launched on May 14th from the Guyane SpaceCentre in Kourou and has reached its observation point, L2. Inflighttesting and calibration is underway, and will provide thefinal instrument tuning and scientific performance assessment.After 17 years, Planck is almost ready to begin recording thefirst light of the Universe.Acknowledgements. The Planck-LFI project is developed by an InterntionalConsortium lead by Italy and involving Canada, Finland, Germany, Norway,Spain, Switzerland, UK, USA. The Italian contribution to Planck is supportedby the Italian Space Agency (ASI). The workinthispaperhasbeensupportedby in the framework of the ASI-E2 phase of the Planck contract. The US PlanckProject is supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate. In Finland, thePlanck-LFI 70 GHz work was supported by the Finnish Funding Agency forTechnology and Innovation (Tekes).Appendix A: LFI receiver and channel namingconventionThe various receivers are labelled LFI18 to LFI28, as shown inFig. A.1. TheradiometersconnectedtothetwoOMTarmsarelabelled M-0 (“main” OMT arm) and S-1 (“side” OMT arm),while the two output detectors fromeachradiometerarelabelledas 0 and 1. Therefore LFI18S-10,forexample,referstodetector0 of the side arm of receiver LFI18, and LFI24M-01 refers todetector 1 of the main arm of receiver LFI24.Appendix B: Receiver isolation: definition,scientific requirements, and measurementsB.1. Definition and requirementIn Sect. 2, it is shown that the output of the LFI pseudocorrelationreceivers is a sequence of sky and reference loadsignals alternating at twice the phase switch frequency. If thepseudo-correlator is not ideal, the separation after the second hybridis not perfect and a certain level of mixing between the twoFig. A.1. Feed horns in the LFI focal plane. Each feed horn is tagged byalabelrunningfromLFI18toLFI28.LFI18throughLFI23are70GHzreceivers, LFI24 through LFI26 are 44 GHz receivers, and both LFI27and LFI28 are 30 GHz receivers.signals will be present in the output. Typical limitations on isolationare (i) imperfect hybrid phase matching; (ii) front-end gainamplitude mismatch; and (iii) mismatch in the insertion loss inthe two switch states (Seiffert et al. 2002).Amoregeneralrelationshiprepresentingthereceiverpoweroutput can be written asp out = aG tot kβ [ (1 − ɛ)T sky + ɛT ref + T noise− r ( (1 − ɛ)T ref + ɛT sky + T noise)],(B.1)where the parameter ɛ represents the degree of mixing or, inother words, deviation from ideal isolation.We now consider the receiver scanning the sky and thereforemeasuring a variation in the sky signal given by the CMB,∆T CMB .Ifwedefiner = T sky+T noiseT ref +T noiseand develop Eq. (B.1)inseriesup to the first order in ɛ,weseethatthedifferential power outputis proportional top out ∝ ∆T CMB (1 − δ iso ) ,(B.2)Page 13 of 16